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Apache2 on Ubuntu

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It’s always interesting when I build new instances. Ubuntu 22.0.4 was no different but I ran into an issue with installing Apache2 and eventually loading the mysqli module.

The Apache2 error was an issue with an unsupported module or hidden prerequisite. The MySQLi required an Apache reload after installation. Contrary to some erroneous posts the mysqli driver is supported on PHP 8.1.

Apache2 installation starts first and the mysqli module reload and verification script follows. On Ubuntu, you install Apache2 if you’re unaware of the hidden pre-requisite, otherwise install the pre-requisite first and avoid the error.

This is the command to install the apache2 module:

sudo apt-get install -y apache2

It generated the following error message:

apache2: Syntax error on line 146 of /etc/apache2/apache2.conf: Syntax error on line 1 of /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/wsgi.load: Cannot load /usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_wsgi.so into server: /usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_wsgi.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
Action 'start' failed.
The Apache error log may have more information.

Line 146 in the /etc/apache2/apache2.conf file contains the instruction to load modules. The error says it can’t find the mod_wsgi.so library, which was originally part of the deprecated Python 2.7 release.

IncludeOptional mods-enabled/*.load

The first step I pursued was finding the missing library, which appeared to be in the libapache2-mod-wsgi package. However, it became clear there is no installation candidate for that module, which supported Python 3.x. A little more research led me to find the appropriate library version for Python 3, which is found in the libapache2-mod-wsgi-py3 package.

I installed the libapache2-mod-wsgi-py3 package with the following syntax:

sudo apt-get install -y libapache2-mod-wsgi-py3

After applying it, I was able to start Apache2. Then, typing in localhost returns the Apache2 index.htm page, like:

After creating the following file in the default directory:

<?php
  phpinfo();
?>

Typing in localhost/infophp returns the Apache2 info.php page, like:

After the basics for PHP, the next step is the mysqli module for the MySQL database. This can be done in two steps on Ubuntu.

  1. Install the MySQLi software with the following syntax on Ubuntu:

    sudo apt-get install -y php8.1-mysql

    If you forget and use the old php-mysqli, it will redirect to the new PHP 8.1 MySQL module.

  2. You need to reload the Apache configuration with the following syntax:

    sudo systemctl reload apache2

Now, you can use the following PHP program to verify that the mysqli and pdo drivers are installed:

<html>
<header>
<title>Module Verification</title>
</header>
<body>
<?php
  if (!function_exists('mysqli_init') && !extension_loaded('mysqli')) {
    print 'mysqli not installed.'; }
  else {
    print 'mysqli installed.'; }
  if (!function_exists('pdo_init') && !extension_loaded('pdo')) {
    print '<p>pdo not installed.</p>'; }
  else {
    print '<p>pdo installed.</p>'; }
?>
</script>
</body>
</html>

If everything is correct, it should return the following in a browser when you query it from localhost/the-file-name and the file is in the /var/www/html directory:

mysqli installed.
 
pdo installed.

This means you can now write PHP applications, like the following example for my students:

I also have some demonstration programs that upload PNG files. As usual, I forgot about that while building the Ubuntu installation with MySQL 8, PHP 8.1 and Apache2. Fortunately, I solved it back in the day when moving from PHP 5.7 to 7.1 and here are the equivalent steps for Ubuntu:

I installed the libapache2-mod-wsgi-py3 package with the following syntax:

sudo apt-get install -y php-gd

Then, I restarted the Apache2 server to incorporate the php-gd library in my PHP module with this syntax:

sudo systemctl restart apache2.service

Retesting the PHP form to upload and render a PNG image file with this code (note that the only thing you can display is the html header and converted image, as shown on lines 64 and 65):

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<?php
  /*  ConvertBlobToImage.php
   *  by Michael McLaughlin
   *
   *  This script queries an image from a BLOB column and
   *  converts it to a PNG image.
   *
   *  ALERT:
   *
   *  The header must be inside the PHP script tag because nothing
   *  can be rendered before the header() function call that signals
   *  this is a PNG file.
   */
 
    // Database credentials must be set manually because an include_once() function
    // call puts something ahead of the header, which causes a failure when rendering
    // an image.
 
    // Include the credential library.
    include_once("MySQLCredentials.inc");
 
  // Return successful attempt to connect to the database.
  if (!$c = @mysqli_connect(HOSTNAME,USERNAME,PASSWORD,DATABASE)) {
 
    // Print user message.
    print "Sorry! The connection to the database failed. Please try again later.";
 
    // Assign the OCI error and format double and single quotes.
    print mysqli_error();
 
    // Kill the resource.
    die();
  }
  else {
 
    // Declare input variables.
    $id = (isset($_GET['id'])) ? (int) $_GET['id'] : 1023;
 
    // Initialize a statement in the scope of the connection.
    $stmt = mysqli_stmt_init($c);
 
    // Declare a SQL SELECT statement returning a MediumBLOB.
    $sql = "SELECT item_blob FROM item WHERE item_id = ?";
 
    // Prepare statement and link it to a connection.
    if (mysqli_stmt_prepare($stmt,$sql)) {
      mysqli_stmt_bind_param($stmt,"i",$id);
 
      // Execute the PL/SQL statement.
      if (mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt)) {
 
        // Bind result to local variable.
	      mysqli_stmt_bind_result($stmt, $image);
 
        // Read result.
        mysqli_stmt_fetch($stmt);
      }
    } 
 
    // Disconnect from database.
    mysqli_close($c);
 
    // Print the header first.
    header('Content-type: image/png');
    imagepng(imagecreatefromstring($image));
  }
?>

The call to the ConvertMySQLBlobToImage.php is handled in an image tag, as shown:

<img src="ConvertMySQLBlobToImage.php?id='.$id.'">

Rendering a web page, like:

As always, I hope this explains something worthwhile.

Written by maclochlainn

December 10th, 2023 at 11:25 pm