Archive for the ‘LAMP’ Category
Install Ruby on Fedora
I use a Fedora 20 VM image to teach Oracle and MySQL technology. Last week, I expanded the Fedora VM image to support a full LAMP stack. This blog shows you how to install Ruby on Fedora and successfully generate the Rails gems.
Connect as the root user and use yum to install the libraries. My approach is by library or small groups. Naturally, you start with the ruby library.
yum install ruby |
You will see the following:
Loaded plugins: langpacks, refresh-packagekit mysql-connectors-community | 2.5 kB 00:00 mysql-tools-community | 2.5 kB 00:00 mysql56-community | 2.5 kB 00:00 pgdg93 | 3.6 kB 00:00 updates/20/x86_64/metalink | 14 kB 00:00 updates | 4.9 kB 00:00 (1/3): mysql56-community/20/x86_64/primary_db | 80 kB 00:00 (2/3): pgdg93/20/x86_64/primary_db | 80 kB 00:00 (3/3): updates/20/x86_64/primary_db | 13 MB 00:06 (1/2): updates/20/x86_64/pkgtags | 1.4 MB 00:01 (2/2): updates/20/x86_64/updateinfo | 1.9 MB 00:01 Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package ruby.x86_64 0:2.0.0.353-16.fc20 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: ruby-libs(x86-64) = 2.0.0.353-16.fc20 for package: ruby-2.0.0.353-16.fc20.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: rubygem(bigdecimal) >= 1.2.0 for package: ruby-2.0.0.353-16.fc20.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: ruby(rubygems) >= 2.0.3 for package: ruby-2.0.0.353-16.fc20.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: /usr/bin/ruby for package: ruby-2.0.0.353-16.fc20.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libruby.so.2.0()(64bit) for package: ruby-2.0.0.353-16.fc20.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package ruby-libs.x86_64 0:2.0.0.353-16.fc20 will be installed ---> Package rubygem-bigdecimal.x86_64 0:1.2.0-16.fc20 will be installed ---> Package rubygems.noarch 0:2.1.11-115.fc20 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: rubygem(rdoc) >= 4.0.0 for package: rubygems-2.1.11-115.fc20.noarch --> Processing Dependency: rubygem(psych) >= 2.0.0 for package: rubygems-2.1.11-115.fc20.noarch --> Processing Dependency: rubygem(io-console) >= 0.4.1 for package: rubygems-2.1.11-115.fc20.noarch ---> Package rubypick.noarch 0:1.1.1-1.fc20 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package rubygem-io-console.x86_64 0:0.4.2-16.fc20 will be installed ---> Package rubygem-psych.x86_64 0:2.0.0-16.fc20 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libyaml-0.so.2()(64bit) for package: rubygem-psych-2.0.0-16.fc20.x86_64 ---> Package rubygem-rdoc.noarch 0:4.0.1-2.fc20 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: rubygem(json) < 2 for package: rubygem-rdoc-4.0.1-2.fc20.noarch --> Processing Dependency: rubygem(json) >= 1.4 for package: rubygem-rdoc-4.0.1-2.fc20.noarch --> Processing Dependency: ruby(irb) for package: rubygem-rdoc-4.0.1-2.fc20.noarch --> Running transaction check ---> Package libyaml.x86_64 0:0.1.6-2.fc20 will be installed ---> Package ruby-irb.noarch 0:2.0.0.353-16.fc20 will be installed ---> Package rubygem-json.x86_64 0:1.7.7-101.fc20 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: ruby x86_64 2.0.0.353-16.fc20 updates 65 k Installing for dependencies: libyaml x86_64 0.1.6-2.fc20 updates 55 k ruby-irb noarch 2.0.0.353-16.fc20 updates 86 k ruby-libs x86_64 2.0.0.353-16.fc20 updates 2.8 M rubygem-bigdecimal x86_64 1.2.0-16.fc20 updates 77 k rubygem-io-console x86_64 0.4.2-16.fc20 updates 48 k rubygem-json x86_64 1.7.7-101.fc20 fedora 60 k rubygem-psych x86_64 2.0.0-16.fc20 updates 75 k rubygem-rdoc noarch 4.0.1-2.fc20 fedora 288 k rubygems noarch 2.1.11-115.fc20 updates 224 k rubypick noarch 1.1.1-1.fc20 updates 6.3 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 1 Package (+10 Dependent packages) Total download size: 3.7 M Installed size: 13 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: (1/11): ruby-2.0.0.353-16.fc20.x86_64.rpm | 65 kB 00:00 (2/11): libyaml-0.1.6-2.fc20.x86_64.rpm | 55 kB 00:00 (3/11): ruby-irb-2.0.0.353-16.fc20.noarch.rpm | 86 kB 00:00 (4/11): rubygem-io-console-0.4.2-16.fc20.x86_64.rpm | 48 kB 00:00 (5/11): rubygem-json-1.7.7-101.fc20.x86_64.rpm | 60 kB 00:00 (6/11): rubygem-psych-2.0.0-16.fc20.x86_64.rpm | 75 kB 00:00 (7/11): rubypick-1.1.1-1.fc20.noarch.rpm | 6.3 kB 00:00 (8/11): rubygem-bigdecimal-1.2.0-16.fc20.x86_64.rpm | 77 kB 00:01 (9/11): rubygem-rdoc-4.0.1-2.fc20.noarch.rpm | 288 kB 00:00 (10/11): ruby-libs-2.0.0.353-16.fc20.x86_64.rpm | 2.8 MB 00:01 (11/11): rubygems-2.1.11-115.fc20.noarch.rpm | 224 kB 00:01 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 1.4 MB/s | 3.7 MB 00:02 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction (shutdown inhibited) Installing : ruby-libs-2.0.0.353-16.fc20.x86_64 1/11 Installing : libyaml-0.1.6-2.fc20.x86_64 2/11 Installing : rubygem-bigdecimal-1.2.0-16.fc20.x86_64 3/11 Installing : rubygem-json-1.7.7-101.fc20.x86_64 4/11 Installing : rubygem-psych-2.0.0-16.fc20.x86_64 5/11 Installing : rubygem-rdoc-4.0.1-2.fc20.noarch 6/11 Installing : ruby-irb-2.0.0.353-16.fc20.noarch 7/11 Installing : rubypick-1.1.1-1.fc20.noarch 8/11 Installing : ruby-2.0.0.353-16.fc20.x86_64 9/11 Installing : rubygems-2.1.11-115.fc20.noarch 10/11 Installing : rubygem-io-console-0.4.2-16.fc20.x86_64 11/11 Verifying : rubygem-io-console-0.4.2-16.fc20.x86_64 1/11 Verifying : rubygem-rdoc-4.0.1-2.fc20.noarch 2/11 Verifying : rubygems-2.1.11-115.fc20.noarch 3/11 Verifying : rubygem-bigdecimal-1.2.0-16.fc20.x86_64 4/11 Verifying : ruby-libs-2.0.0.353-16.fc20.x86_64 5/11 Verifying : rubygem-json-1.7.7-101.fc20.x86_64 6/11 Verifying : rubygem-psych-2.0.0-16.fc20.x86_64 7/11 Verifying : rubypick-1.1.1-1.fc20.noarch 8/11 Verifying : ruby-2.0.0.353-16.fc20.x86_64 9/11 Verifying : libyaml-0.1.6-2.fc20.x86_64 10/11 Verifying : ruby-irb-2.0.0.353-16.fc20.noarch 11/11 Installed: ruby.x86_64 0:2.0.0.353-16.fc20 Dependency Installed: libyaml.x86_64 0:0.1.6-2.fc20 ruby-irb.noarch 0:2.0.0.353-16.fc20 ruby-libs.x86_64 0:2.0.0.353-16.fc20 rubygem-bigdecimal.x86_64 0:1.2.0-16.fc20 rubygem-io-console.x86_64 0:0.4.2-16.fc20 rubygem-json.x86_64 0:1.7.7-101.fc20 rubygem-psych.x86_64 0:2.0.0-16.fc20 rubygem-rdoc.noarch 0:4.0.1-2.fc20 rubygems.noarch 0:2.1.11-115.fc20 rubypick.noarch 0:1.1.1-1.fc20 Complete! |
After you install ruby, you need to install the MySQL and Ruby development libraries, like this:
yum -y install gcc mysql-devel ruby-devel rubygems |
Loaded plugins: langpacks, refresh-packagekit Package gcc-4.8.3-7.fc20.x86_64 already installed and latest version Package rubygems-2.1.11-115.fc20.noarch already installed and latest version Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql-community-devel.x86_64 0:5.6.24-1.fc20 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) = 5.6.24-1.fc20 for package: mysql-community-devel-5.6.24-1.fc20.x86_64 ---> Package ruby-devel.x86_64 0:2.0.0.353-16.fc20 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.23-1.fc20 will be updated --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) = 5.6.23-1.fc20 for package: mysql-community-client-5.6.23-1.fc20.x86_64 ---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.24-1.fc20 will be an update --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.6.24-1.fc20 for package: mysql-community-libs-5.6.24-1.fc20.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.23-1.fc20 will be updated --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client(x86-64) = 5.6.23-1.fc20 for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.23-1.fc20.x86_64 ---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.24-1.fc20 will be an update ---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.23-1.fc20 will be updated ---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.24-1.fc20 will be an update --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.23-1.fc20 will be updated ---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.24-1.fc20 will be an update --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: mysql-community-devel x86_64 5.6.24-1.fc20 mysql56-community 3.4 M ruby-devel x86_64 2.0.0.353-16.fc20 updates 125 k Updating for dependencies: mysql-community-client x86_64 5.6.24-1.fc20 mysql56-community 19 M mysql-community-common x86_64 5.6.24-1.fc20 mysql56-community 258 k mysql-community-libs x86_64 5.6.24-1.fc20 mysql56-community 2.0 M mysql-community-server x86_64 5.6.24-1.fc20 mysql56-community 55 M Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 2 Packages Upgrade ( 4 Dependent packages) Total download size: 80 M Downloading packages: No Presto metadata available for mysql56-community (1/6): mysql-community-common-5.6.24-1.fc20.x86_64.rpm | 258 kB 00:01 (2/6): mysql-community-devel-5.6.24-1.fc20.x86_64.rpm | 3.4 MB 00:01 (3/6): mysql-community-libs-5.6.24-1.fc20.x86_64.rpm | 2.0 MB 00:00 (4/6): ruby-devel-2.0.0.353-16.fc20.x86_64.rpm | 125 kB 00:00 (5/6): mysql-community-client-5.6.24-1.fc20.x86_64.rpm | 19 MB 00:09 (6/6): mysql-community-server-5.6.24-1.fc20.x86_64.rpm | 55 MB 00:21 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 3.3 MB/s | 80 MB 00:24 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction (shutdown inhibited) Updating : mysql-community-common-5.6.24-1.fc20.x86_64 1/10 Updating : mysql-community-libs-5.6.24-1.fc20.x86_64 2/10 Updating : mysql-community-client-5.6.24-1.fc20.x86_64 3/10 Updating : mysql-community-server-5.6.24-1.fc20.x86_64 4/10 Installing : mysql-community-devel-5.6.24-1.fc20.x86_64 5/10 Installing : ruby-devel-2.0.0.353-16.fc20.x86_64 6/10 Cleanup : mysql-community-server-5.6.23-1.fc20.x86_64 7/10 Cleanup : mysql-community-client-5.6.23-1.fc20.x86_64 8/10 Cleanup : mysql-community-libs-5.6.23-1.fc20.x86_64 9/10 Cleanup : mysql-community-common-5.6.23-1.fc20.x86_64 10/10 Verifying : mysql-community-client-5.6.24-1.fc20.x86_64 1/10 Verifying : mysql-community-devel-5.6.24-1.fc20.x86_64 2/10 Verifying : ruby-devel-2.0.0.353-16.fc20.x86_64 3/10 Verifying : mysql-community-libs-5.6.24-1.fc20.x86_64 4/10 Verifying : mysql-community-common-5.6.24-1.fc20.x86_64 5/10 Verifying : mysql-community-server-5.6.24-1.fc20.x86_64 6/10 Verifying : mysql-community-client-5.6.23-1.fc20.x86_64 7/10 Verifying : mysql-community-server-5.6.23-1.fc20.x86_64 8/10 Verifying : mysql-community-libs-5.6.23-1.fc20.x86_64 9/10 Verifying : mysql-community-common-5.6.23-1.fc20.x86_64 10/10 Installed: mysql-community-devel.x86_64 0:5.6.24-1.fc20 ruby-devel.x86_64 0:2.0.0.353-16.fc20 Dependency Updated: mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.24-1.fc20 mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.24-1.fc20 mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.24-1.fc20 mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.24-1.fc20 Complete! |
After installing ruby, exit the root account to your management account and run the following command from the Linux shell:
ruby -v |
It should show you:
ruby 2.0.0p353 (2013-11-22 revision 43784) [x86_64-linux] |
Before you can run gem to install rails, you must install another the libxml2-devel library. Here’s the syntax to install the libxml2-devel library:
yum install libxml2-devel |
You should see the following, which includes typing a y to continue:
Loaded plugins: langpacks, refresh-packagekit Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package libxml2-devel.x86_64 0:2.9.1-3.fc20 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: zlib-devel for package: libxml2-devel-2.9.1-3.fc20.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: xz-devel for package: libxml2-devel-2.9.1-3.fc20.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package xz-devel.x86_64 0:5.1.2-12alpha.fc20 will be installed ---> Package zlib-devel.x86_64 0:1.2.8-3.fc20 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: libxml2-devel x86_64 2.9.1-3.fc20 updates 1.0 M Installing for dependencies: xz-devel x86_64 5.1.2-12alpha.fc20 updates 45 k zlib-devel x86_64 1.2.8-3.fc20 fedora 50 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 1 Package (+2 Dependent packages) Total download size: 1.1 M Installed size: 9.1 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: (1/3): xz-devel-5.1.2-12alpha.fc20.x86_64.rpm | 45 kB 00:00 (2/3): zlib-devel-1.2.8-3.fc20.x86_64.rpm | 50 kB 00:00 (3/3): libxml2-devel-2.9.1-3.fc20.x86_64.rpm | 1.0 MB 00:04 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 264 kB/s | 1.1 MB 00:04 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction (shutdown inhibited) Installing : zlib-devel-1.2.8-3.fc20.x86_64 1/3 Installing : xz-devel-5.1.2-12alpha.fc20.x86_64 2/3 Installing : libxml2-devel-2.9.1-3.fc20.x86_64 3/3 Verifying : xz-devel-5.1.2-12alpha.fc20.x86_64 1/3 Verifying : libxml2-devel-2.9.1-3.fc20.x86_64 2/3 Verifying : zlib-devel-1.2.8-3.fc20.x86_64 3/3 Installed: libxml2-devel.x86_64 0:2.9.1-3.fc20 Dependency Installed: xz-devel.x86_64 0:5.1.2-12alpha.fc20 zlib-devel.x86_64 0:1.2.8-3.fc20 Complete! |
yum install libxslt-devel |
You should see the following and will need to reply with a y during install:
Loaded plugins: langpacks, refresh-packagekit mysql-connectors-community | 2.5 kB 00:00 mysql-tools-community | 2.5 kB 00:00 mysql56-community | 2.5 kB 00:00 pgdg93 | 3.6 kB 00:00 updates/20/x86_64/metalink | 14 kB 00:00 updates | 4.9 kB 00:00 updates/20/x86_64/primary_db | 13 MB 00:07 updates/20/x86_64/pkgtags FAILED http://mirror.utexas.edu/fedora/linux/updates/20/x86_64/repodata/fe40e35e0289ae1470dbe8030c09b8046924cbaa5e16ac61e9411ac57477820b-pkgtags.sqlite.gz: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not Found Trying other mirror. (1/2): updates/20/x86_64/updateinfo | 1.9 MB 00:02 (2/2): updates/20/x86_64/pkgtags | 1.4 MB 00:00 Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package libxslt-devel.x86_64 0:1.1.28-5.fc20 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libgcrypt-devel for package: libxslt-devel-1.1.28-5.fc20.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package libgcrypt-devel.x86_64 0:1.5.3-2.fc20 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libgpg-error-devel for package: libgcrypt-devel-1.5.3-2.fc20.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package libgpg-error-devel.x86_64 0:1.12-1.fc20 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: libxslt-devel x86_64 1.1.28-5.fc20 fedora 309 k Installing for dependencies: libgcrypt-devel x86_64 1.5.3-2.fc20 fedora 127 k libgpg-error-devel x86_64 1.12-1.fc20 fedora 16 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 1 Package (+2 Dependent packages) Total download size: 451 k Installed size: 2.6 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: (1/3): libgcrypt-devel-1.5.3-2.fc20.x86_64.rpm | 127 kB 00:00 (2/3): libgpg-error-devel-1.12-1.fc20.x86_64.rpm | 16 kB 00:00 (3/3): libxslt-devel-1.1.28-5.fc20.x86_64.rpm | 309 kB 00:00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 454 kB/s | 451 kB 00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction (shutdown inhibited) Installing : libgpg-error-devel-1.12-1.fc20.x86_64 1/3 Installing : libgcrypt-devel-1.5.3-2.fc20.x86_64 2/3 Installing : libxslt-devel-1.1.28-5.fc20.x86_64 3/3 Verifying : libgcrypt-devel-1.5.3-2.fc20.x86_64 1/3 Verifying : libgpg-error-devel-1.12-1.fc20.x86_64 2/3 Verifying : libxslt-devel-1.1.28-5.fc20.x86_64 3/3 Installed: libxslt-devel.x86_64 0:1.1.28-5.fc20 Dependency Installed: libgcrypt-devel.x86_64 0:1.5.3-2.fc20 libgpg-error-devel.x86_64 0:1.12-1.fc20 Complete! |
One more to go. You can’t run the Ruby gem utility to create the nokogiri Ruby Gem on Fedora because of a library mismatch. If you attempt to create the Rails framework, like this:
gem install rails |
It’ll raise the following error message on trying to dynamically link the nokogiri Ruby Gem. The error will be something like this, and unfortunately, the log files won’t be too useful:
Running patch with /usr/local/share/gems/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/ports/patches/libxml2/0001-Revert-Missing-initialization-for-the-catalog-module.patch... Running 'patch' for libxml2 2.9.2... ERROR, review '/usr/local/share/gems/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/ext/nokogiri/tmp/x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu/ports/libxml2/2.9.2/patch.log' to see what happened. *** extconf.rb failed *** Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary libraries and/or headers. Check the mkmf.log file for more details. You may need configuration options. |
The error message isn’t very helpful but the fix is fortunately easy. You install the nokogiri Ruby Gem directly with the yum utility. The following instructs yum to proceed without waiting for you to type a y to install.
yum install -y rubygem-nokogiri |
Loaded plugins: langpacks, refresh-packagekit Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package rubygem-nokogiri.x86_64 0:1.6.6.2-1.fc20 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: rubygem-nokogiri x86_64 1.6.6.2-1.fc20 updates 534 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 1 Package Total download size: 534 k Installed size: 834 k Downloading packages: rubygem-nokogiri-1.6.6.2-1.fc20.x86_64.rpm | 534 kB 00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction (shutdown inhibited) Installing : rubygem-nokogiri-1.6.6.2-1.fc20.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : rubygem-nokogiri-1.6.6.2-1.fc20.x86_64 1/1 Installed: rubygem-nokogiri.x86_64 0:1.6.6.2-1.fc20 Complete! |
Now you can use the Ruby gem utility to create the Rails framework like this:
gem install rails |
This will take a couple minutes typically, so be patient. You see something like this, dependent on the release:
Fetching: loofah-2.0.1.gem (100%) Successfully installed loofah-2.0.1 Fetching: rails-html-sanitizer-1.0.2.gem (100%) Successfully installed rails-html-sanitizer-1.0.2 Fetching: rails-deprecated_sanitizer-1.0.3.gem (100%) Successfully installed rails-deprecated_sanitizer-1.0.3 Fetching: rails-dom-testing-1.0.6.gem (100%) Successfully installed rails-dom-testing-1.0.6 Fetching: builder-3.2.2.gem (100%) Successfully installed builder-3.2.2 Fetching: erubis-2.7.0.gem (100%) Successfully installed erubis-2.7.0 Fetching: actionview-4.2.1.gem (100%) Successfully installed actionview-4.2.1 Fetching: actionpack-4.2.1.gem (100%) Successfully installed actionpack-4.2.1 Fetching: activemodel-4.2.1.gem (100%) Successfully installed activemodel-4.2.1 Fetching: arel-6.0.0.gem (100%) Successfully installed arel-6.0.0 Fetching: activerecord-4.2.1.gem (100%) Successfully installed activerecord-4.2.1 Fetching: globalid-0.3.5.gem (100%) Successfully installed globalid-0.3.5 Fetching: activejob-4.2.1.gem (100%) Successfully installed activejob-4.2.1 Fetching: mime-types-2.4.3.gem (100%) Successfully installed mime-types-2.4.3 Fetching: mail-2.6.3.gem (100%) Successfully installed mail-2.6.3 Fetching: actionmailer-4.2.1.gem (100%) Successfully installed actionmailer-4.2.1 Fetching: rake-10.4.2.gem (100%) Successfully installed rake-10.4.2 Fetching: thor-0.19.1.gem (100%) Successfully installed thor-0.19.1 Fetching: railties-4.2.1.gem (100%) Successfully installed railties-4.2.1 Fetching: bundler-1.9.2.gem (100%) Successfully installed bundler-1.9.2 Fetching: hike-1.2.3.gem (100%) Successfully installed hike-1.2.3 Fetching: multi_json-1.11.0.gem (100%) Successfully installed multi_json-1.11.0 Fetching: tilt-1.4.1.gem (100%) Successfully installed tilt-1.4.1 Fetching: sprockets-2.12.3.gem (100%) Successfully installed sprockets-2.12.3 Fetching: sprockets-rails-2.2.4.gem (100%) Successfully installed sprockets-rails-2.2.4 Fetching: rails-4.2.1.gem (100%) Successfully installed rails-4.2.1 Parsing documentation for actionmailer-4.2.1 Installing ri documentation for actionmailer-4.2.1 Parsing documentation for actionpack-4.2.1 Installing ri documentation for actionpack-4.2.1 Parsing documentation for actionview-4.2.1 Installing ri documentation for actionview-4.2.1 Parsing documentation for activejob-4.2.1 Installing ri documentation for activejob-4.2.1 Parsing documentation for activemodel-4.2.1 Installing ri documentation for activemodel-4.2.1 Parsing documentation for activerecord-4.2.1 Installing ri documentation for activerecord-4.2.1 Parsing documentation for arel-6.0.0 Installing ri documentation for arel-6.0.0 Parsing documentation for builder-3.2.2 Installing ri documentation for builder-3.2.2 Parsing documentation for bundler-1.9.2 Installing ri documentation for bundler-1.9.2 Parsing documentation for erubis-2.7.0 Installing ri documentation for erubis-2.7.0 Parsing documentation for globalid-0.3.5 Installing ri documentation for globalid-0.3.5 Parsing documentation for hike-1.2.3 Installing ri documentation for hike-1.2.3 Parsing documentation for loofah-2.0.1 Installing ri documentation for loofah-2.0.1 Parsing documentation for mail-2.6.3 Installing ri documentation for mail-2.6.3 Parsing documentation for mime-types-2.4.3 Installing ri documentation for mime-types-2.4.3 Parsing documentation for multi_json-1.11.0 Installing ri documentation for multi_json-1.11.0 Parsing documentation for rails-4.2.1 Installing ri documentation for rails-4.2.1 Parsing documentation for rails-deprecated_sanitizer-1.0.3 Installing ri documentation for rails-deprecated_sanitizer-1.0.3 Parsing documentation for rails-dom-testing-1.0.6 Installing ri documentation for rails-dom-testing-1.0.6 Parsing documentation for rails-html-sanitizer-1.0.2 Installing ri documentation for rails-html-sanitizer-1.0.2 Parsing documentation for railties-4.2.1 Installing ri documentation for railties-4.2.1 Parsing documentation for rake-10.4.2 Installing ri documentation for rake-10.4.2 Parsing documentation for sprockets-2.12.3 Installing ri documentation for sprockets-2.12.3 Parsing documentation for sprockets-rails-2.2.4 Installing ri documentation for sprockets-rails-2.2.4 Parsing documentation for thor-0.19.1 Installing ri documentation for thor-0.19.1 Parsing documentation for tilt-1.4.1 Installing ri documentation for tilt-1.4.1 Done installing documentation for actionmailer, actionpack, actionview, activejob, activemodel, activerecord, arel, builder, bundler, erubis, globalid, hike, loofah, mail, mime-types, multi_json, rails, rails-deprecated_sanitizer, rails-dom-testing, rails-html-sanitizer, railties, rake, sprockets, sprockets-rails, thor, tilt after 475 seconds 26 gems installed |
If you want to install Phusion Passenger, mod_passenger is already installed. You should note that support and testing for this stops at Fedora V17. You can verify installation with the following command:
yum list mod_passenger |
It returns:
Loaded plugins: langpacks, refresh-packagekit
Available Packages
mod_passenger.x86_64 4.0.53-3.fc20.2 updates |
You can also install the Ruby Gem for Passenger, like this:
gem install passenger |
It should take less than 2 minutes and return something like this:
Fetching: passenger-5.0.6.gem (100%) Building native extensions. This could take a while... Successfully installed passenger-5.0.6 Parsing documentation for passenger-5.0.6 Installing ri documentation for passenger-5.0.6 Done installing documentation for passenger after 9 seconds 1 gem installed |
As always, I hope this was helpful. I’ll add a post with the remaining MySQL and Oracle connection details soon.
LAMP php-gd Libraries
Everything seemed complete after configuring my standalone MySQL instance to a LAMP installation, but last night I started playing with the image files. It turns out that I failed to install the php-gd library.
There’s very little feedback when you try to troubleshoot why you can’t read an image. In fact, the error message for reading the BLOB from MySQL was only available on the local Firefox browser:
The image "http://localhost/ConvertMySQLBlobToImage.php" cannot be displayed because it contains errors. |
The fix requires root to install the php-gd library with the yum utility:
yum install php-gd |
You’ll need to answer y to one question during the installation:
Loaded plugins: langpacks, refresh-packagekit mysql-connectors-community | 2.5 kB 00:00 mysql-tools-community | 2.5 kB 00:00 mysql56-community | 2.5 kB 00:00 pgdg93 | 3.6 kB 00:00 updates/20/x86_64/metalink | 16 kB 00:00 Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package php-gd.x86_64 0:5.5.22-1.fc20 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libt1.so.5()(64bit) for package: php-gd-5.5.22-1.fc20.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package t1lib.x86_64 0:5.1.2-14.fc20 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: php-gd x86_64 5.5.22-1.fc20 updates 89 k Installing for dependencies: t1lib x86_64 5.1.2-14.fc20 updates 164 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 1 Package (+1 Dependent package) Total download size: 252 k Installed size: 629 k Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: (1/2): php-gd-5.5.22-1.fc20.x86_64.rpm | 89 kB 00:00 (2/2): t1lib-5.1.2-14.fc20.x86_64.rpm | 164 kB 00:01 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 157 kB/s | 252 kB 00:01 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction (shutdown inhibited) Installing : t1lib-5.1.2-14.fc20.x86_64 1/2 Installing : php-gd-5.5.22-1.fc20.x86_64 2/2 Verifying : php-gd-5.5.22-1.fc20.x86_64 1/2 Verifying : t1lib-5.1.2-14.fc20.x86_64 2/2 Installed: php-gd.x86_64 0:5.5.22-1.fc20 Dependency Installed: t1lib.x86_64 0:5.1.2-14.fc20 Complete! |
After the installation, you can run the info.php program, which contains the following:
1 2 3 | <?php phpinfo(); ?> |
You’ll find the following gd library display in the result from the info.php program:
After retesting, we get both large text and blob files displayed in the web page:
As always, I hope this helps others. Especially, those who are working with your LAMP stack implementation of images.
MySQL bind-address
While I try to keep things simple, sometimes eliminating options and explanations comes back to haunt me. After posting how to open a Fedora firewall port for a LAMP stack, somebody got trapped by my instructions for installing MySQL on Fedora. They got stuck because they had the following setting in their /etc/my.cnf file:
bind-address=localhost.localdomain |
I’d suggested using that bind-address value for a DHCP VMware Fedora installation in Step #7. I was trying to create an example for an isolated testing instance, which is why I set the bind-address to a localhost.localdomain value. They raised the following error when they tried to connect their base operating system’s version of MySQL Workstation to the Fedora VM:
Failed to Connect to MySQL at 192.168.2.168:3306 with user student |
or, this dialog image:
Before you do the next step, please ensure you’re using the right IP address. You can find that by running this command as an authorized sudoer:
ifconfig | grep inet.*netmask.*broadcast |
In this case, the command returns:
inet 192.168.2.168 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.2.255 |
I’ve since added instructions to the older post to set the bind-address value in the my.cnf file as follows when they want to support external connections (naturally that means authorizing port 3306):
bind-address=0.0.0.0 |
After you reset the /etc/my.cnf file, you must stop and start, or restart the mysqld service. You can do that as the root user like this:
systemctl restart mysqld |
Then, you can test a student user connection from MySQL Workbench like this:
If the student user is authorized and the password is correct, you’ll see that the connection now works:
As always, I hope this helps those working through similar issues.
Open Fedora Port 80
After installing the LAMP stack on Fedora, you need to open port 80 in the Firewall to access the PHP programs on the Fedora instance from external servers. You can open a firewall port by launching the firewall-config application as the root user with the following syntax:
firewall-config |
The firewall-config utility opens the following dialog:
Click on the Ports tab, and you’ll see the following:
Skip this step if you only want to set the runtime privilege to the port. Click on the Runtime tab and change it to Permanent if you want the port to be accessible when you reboot your OS.
Click on Add button to add a port exception, and you’ll see the following:
Enter Port 80 for the Apache server unless you used a different value for the Apache server’s listener port. If you’re not sure open the /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf file and check for the following line (default value shown):
Listen 80 |
Click the OK button to set the port exception. Then, you can connect to the Linux machine with the IP address, a DNS name, or a name you resolve in your local hosts file, like:
http://192.168.2.1/query.php |
You can find the IP address of your Fedora image by inspecting the /etc/hosts file or capture a DHCP assigned address with the following command as the root user (or with sudo as a valid sudoer user):
ifconfig -a |
It should return the following image, which is based on the data stored in MySQL’s studentdb database, as qualified in yesterday’s blog post:
I hope this helps those setting up a LAMP instance to work with the MySQL database.
Fedora Install LAMP
My students wanted an extra credit assignment, so I thought a LAMP configuration and test would be appropriate. The only problem was I hadn’t added it to their course VMware instance. So, here are the instructions to install Apache2, PHP, and MySQLi for a complete LAMP stack when MySQL is already installed.
The post builds on my Fedora Install of MySQL and MySQL Workbench on Fedora posts from last year. It also presumes that you’ve installed a studentdb database but you need to know how to do that let me know (but it hasn’t changed much from the example at the bottom of this old MySQL 5.1 blog post).
You install Apache2 with the following command as the root user, or with the sudo command as a sudoer-list user:
yum install httpd |
The following displays the results of starting the yum utility to install httpd, and you need to reply with a y to complete the installation:
Loaded plugins: langpacks, refresh-packagekit mysql-connectors-community | 2.5 kB 00:00 mysql-tools-community | 2.5 kB 00:00 mysql56-community | 2.5 kB 00:00 pgdg93 | 3.6 kB 00:00 updates/20/x86_64/metalink | 16 kB 00:00 updates | 4.9 kB 00:00 updates/20/x86_64/primary_db | 13 MB 00:04 (1/2): updates/20/x86_64/updateinfo | 1.9 MB 00:02 (2/2): updates/20/x86_64/pkgtags | 1.4 MB 00:01 Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.10-2.fc20 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.10-2.fc20 for package: httpd-2.4.10-2.fc20.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: system-logos-httpd for package: httpd-2.4.10-2.fc20.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package fedora-logos-httpd.noarch 0:21.0.1-1.fc20 will be installed ---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.10-2.fc20 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: httpd x86_64 2.4.10-2.fc20 updates 1.2 M Installing for dependencies: fedora-logos-httpd noarch 21.0.1-1.fc20 fedora 28 k httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.10-2.fc20 updates 79 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 1 Package (+2 Dependent packages) Total download size: 1.3 M Installed size: 4.0 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: (1/3): fedora-logos-httpd-21.0.1-1.fc20.noarch.rpm | 28 kB 00:00 (2/3): httpd-2.4.10-2.fc20.x86_64.rpm | 1.2 MB 00:01 (3/3): httpd-tools-2.4.10-2.fc20.x86_64.rpm | 79 kB 00:00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 815 kB/s | 1.3 MB 00:01 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction (shutdown inhibited) Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.10-2.fc20.x86_64 1/3 Installing : fedora-logos-httpd-21.0.1-1.fc20.noarch 2/3 Installing : httpd-2.4.10-2.fc20.x86_64 3/3 Verifying : httpd-2.4.10-2.fc20.x86_64 1/3 Verifying : fedora-logos-httpd-21.0.1-1.fc20.noarch 2/3 Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.10-2.fc20.x86_64 3/3 Installed: httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.10-2.fc20 Dependency Installed: fedora-logos-httpd.noarch 0:21.0.1-1.fc20 httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.10-2.fc20 Complete! |
Next, you install php as the root user with the following command:
yum install php |
The following displays when you install php, and you need to reply with a y to complete the installation:
Loaded plugins: langpacks, refresh-packagekit Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package php.x86_64 0:5.5.22-1.fc20 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: php-common(x86-64) = 5.5.22-1.fc20 for package: php-5.5.22-1.fc20.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: php-cli(x86-64) = 5.5.22-1.fc20 for package: php-5.5.22-1.fc20.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package php-cli.x86_64 0:5.5.22-1.fc20 will be installed ---> Package php-common.x86_64 0:5.5.22-1.fc20 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: php-pecl-jsonc(x86-64) for package: php-common-5.5.22-1.fc20.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package php-pecl-jsonc.x86_64 0:1.3.6-1.fc20 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: /usr/bin/pecl for package: php-pecl-jsonc-1.3.6-1.fc20.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: /usr/bin/pecl for package: php-pecl-jsonc-1.3.6-1.fc20.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package php-pear.noarch 1:1.9.5-6.fc20 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: php-xml for package: 1:php-pear-1.9.5-6.fc20.noarch --> Processing Dependency: php-posix for package: 1:php-pear-1.9.5-6.fc20.noarch --> Running transaction check ---> Package php-process.x86_64 0:5.5.22-1.fc20 will be installed ---> Package php-xml.x86_64 0:5.5.22-1.fc20 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: php x86_64 5.5.22-1.fc20 updates 2.6 M Installing for dependencies: php-cli x86_64 5.5.22-1.fc20 updates 3.9 M php-common x86_64 5.5.22-1.fc20 updates 1.0 M php-pear noarch 1:1.9.5-6.fc20 updates 343 k php-pecl-jsonc x86_64 1.3.6-1.fc20 updates 34 k php-process x86_64 5.5.22-1.fc20 updates 77 k php-xml x86_64 5.5.22-1.fc20 updates 247 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 1 Package (+6 Dependent packages) Total download size: 8.2 M Installed size: 32 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: (1/7): php-5.5.22-1.fc20.x86_64.rpm | 2.6 MB 00:03 (2/7): php-cli-5.5.22-1.fc20.x86_64.rpm | 3.9 MB 00:03 (3/7): php-common-5.5.22-1.fc20.x86_64.rpm | 1.0 MB 00:00 (4/7): php-pear-1.9.5-6.fc20.noarch.rpm | 343 kB 00:00 (5/7): php-pecl-jsonc-1.3.6-1.fc20.x86_64.rpm | 34 kB 00:00 (6/7): php-process-5.5.22-1.fc20.x86_64.rpm | 77 kB 00:00 (7/7): php-xml-5.5.22-1.fc20.x86_64.rpm | 247 kB 00:00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 1.1 MB/s | 8.2 MB 00:07 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction (shutdown inhibited) Installing : php-cli-5.5.22-1.fc20.x86_64 1/7 Installing : php-process-5.5.22-1.fc20.x86_64 2/7 Installing : php-xml-5.5.22-1.fc20.x86_64 3/7 Installing : 1:php-pear-1.9.5-6.fc20.noarch 4/7 Installing : php-common-5.5.22-1.fc20.x86_64 5/7 Installing : php-pecl-jsonc-1.3.6-1.fc20.x86_64 6/7 Installing : php-5.5.22-1.fc20.x86_64 7/7 Verifying : php-5.5.22-1.fc20.x86_64 1/7 Verifying : php-common-5.5.22-1.fc20.x86_64 2/7 Verifying : php-cli-5.5.22-1.fc20.x86_64 3/7 Verifying : 1:php-pear-1.9.5-6.fc20.noarch 4/7 Verifying : php-process-5.5.22-1.fc20.x86_64 5/7 Verifying : php-xml-5.5.22-1.fc20.x86_64 6/7 Verifying : php-pecl-jsonc-1.3.6-1.fc20.x86_64 7/7 Installed: php.x86_64 0:5.5.22-1.fc20 Dependency Installed: php-cli.x86_64 0:5.5.22-1.fc20 php-common.x86_64 0:5.5.22-1.fc20 php-pear.noarch 1:1.9.5-6.fc20 php-pecl-jsonc.x86_64 0:1.3.6-1.fc20 php-process.x86_64 0:5.5.22-1.fc20 php-xml.x86_64 0:5.5.22-1.fc20 Complete! |
After installing the software, you can set the Apache server to start automatically with the following command:
chkconfig httpd on |
However, that command only starts the Apache server the next time you boot the server. You use the following command as the root user to start the Apache server:
apachectl start |
You can verify the installation with the following command as the root user:
ps -ef | grep httpd | grep -v grep |
It should return:
root 5433 1 0 17:03 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND apache 5434 5433 0 17:03 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND apache 5435 5433 0 17:03 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND apache 5436 5433 0 17:03 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND apache 5437 5433 0 17:03 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND apache 5438 5433 0 17:03 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND apache 5442 5433 0 17:03 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND |
and, then verify the listening port with the following command as the root user:
netstat -tulpn | grep :80 |
It should return the following when both the Apache server is listening on port 80 and the Oracle multi-protocol server is listening on port 8080:
tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 5433/httpd tcp6 0 0 :::8080 :::* LISTEN 1505/tnslsnr |
After verifying the connection, you can test it by creating the traditional info.php program file in the /var/www/http directory. The file should contain the following:
1 2 3 | <?php phpinfo(); ?> |
You can test it by opening the Firefox browser and entering the following URL from the Fedora Linux image:
http://localhost/info.php |
It should display the typical diagnostic page. This verifies the configuration of the Apache and PHP servers. The next step verifies whether you have the mysqli library to connect to the MySQL database.
You create a mysqli_check.php script, like this:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 | <html>
<header>
<title>Static Query Object Sample</title>
<style type="text/css">
/* HTML element styles. */
table {background:white;border-style:solid;border-width:3px;border-color:black;border-collapse:collapse;}
th {text-align:center;font-style:bold;background:lightgray;border:solid 1px gray;}
td {border:solid 1px gray;}
/* Class tag element styles. */
.ID {min-width:50px;text-align:right;}
.Label {min-width:200px;text-align:left;}
</style>
</header>
<body>
<?php
if (!function_exists('mysqli_init') && !extension_loaded('mysqli')) {
print 'mysqli not installed.'; }
else {
print 'mysqli installed.'; }
?>
</script>
</body>
</html> |
You can test it with the following URL from the local browser:
http://localhost/mysqli_check.php |
If it’s installed you can skip the next step, but if not you need to run yum in expert mode as follows (the check for php-mysql isn’t really necessary because it’s too old a version but good practice):
[root@localhost etc]# yum shell Loaded plugins: langpacks, refresh-packagekit > remove php-mysql No Match for argument: php-mysql > install php-mysqlnd > run --> Running transaction check ---> Package php-mysqlnd.x86_64 0:5.5.22-1.fc20 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: php-pdo(x86-64) = 5.5.22-1.fc20 for package: php-mysqlnd-5.5.22-1.fc20.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package php-pdo.x86_64 0:5.5.22-1.fc20 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: php-mysqlnd x86_64 5.5.22-1.fc20 updates 293 k Installing for dependencies: php-pdo x86_64 5.5.22-1.fc20 updates 141 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 1 Package (+1 Dependent package) Total download size: 433 k Installed size: 1.4 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: (1/2): php-mysqlnd-5.5.22-1.fc20.x86_64.rpm | 293 kB 00:00 (2/2): php-pdo-5.5.22-1.fc20.x86_64.rpm | 141 kB 00:00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 427 kB/s | 433 kB 00:01 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction (shutdown inhibited) Installing : php-pdo-5.5.22-1.fc20.x86_64 1/2 Installing : php-mysqlnd-5.5.22-1.fc20.x86_64 2/2 Verifying : php-pdo-5.5.22-1.fc20.x86_64 1/2 Verifying : php-mysqlnd-5.5.22-1.fc20.x86_64 2/2 Installed: php-mysqlnd.x86_64 0:5.5.22-1.fc20 Dependency Installed: php-pdo.x86_64 0:5.5.22-1.fc20 Finished Transaction > quit |
You should note that this also installed PDO. One caveat, before you rerun the mysqli_check.php script from a browser, you need to restart the Apache server. You can do that as the root user with the following syntax:
apachectl restart |
You can retest it with the following URL from the local browser:
http://localhost/mysqli_check.php |
At this point you should have everything installed to test your connection the MySQL database. As mentioned, this example extends my instructions for installing MySQL on the Fedora instance.
The following query.php file tests your ability to connect to the MySQL database with the mysqli driver, and it uses the studentdb and video store example from my Oracle Database 11g and MySQL 5.6 Developer Handbook:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 | <html>
<header>
<title>Static Query Object Sample</title>
<style type="text/css">
/* HTML element styles. */
table {background:white;border-style:solid;border-width:3px;border-color:black;border-collapse:collapse;}
th {text-align:center;font-style:bold;background:lightgray;border:solid 1px gray;}
td {border:solid 1px gray;}
/* Class tag element styles. */
.ID {min-width:50px;text-align:right;}
.Label {min-width:200px;text-align:left;}
</style>
</header>
<body>
<?php
// Assign credentials to connection.
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "student", "student", "studentdb");
// Check for connection error and print message.
if ($mysqli->connect_errno) {
print $mysqli->connect_error."<br />";
print "Connection not established ...<br />";
}
else {
// Declare a static query.
$query = "SELECT au.system_user_id, au.system_user_name FROM system_user au" ;
// Loop through a result set until completed.
do {
// Attempt query and exit with failure before processing.
if (!$stmt = $mysqli->query($query)) {
// Print failure to resolve query message.
print $mysqli->error."<br />";
print "Failed to resolve query ...<br />";
}
else {
// Print the opening HTML table tag.
print '<table><tr><th class="ID">ID</th><th class="Label">User Role Name</th></tr>';
// Fetch a row for processing.
while( $row = $stmt->fetch_row() ) {
// Print the opening HTML row tag.
print "<tr>";
// Loop through the row's columns.
for ($i = 0;$i < $mysqli->field_count;$i++) {
// Handle column one differently.
if ($i == 0)
print '<td class="ID">'.$row[$i]."</td>";
else
print '<td class="Label">'.$row[$i]."</td>";
}
// Print the closing HTML row tag.
print "</tr>";
}
}
} while( $mysqli->next_result());
// Print the closing HTML table tag.
print "</table>";
// Release connection resource.
$mysqli->close(); }
?>
</script>
</body>
</html> |
This should display the following in the browser:
You can see how to open port 80 for the Apache server in this blog post. If you want to work with blob data types, you’ll also need to use yum to install the php-gd library. You can read my LAMP php-gd library blog post to learn how to install the libraries. As always, I hope a step-by-step approach without assumptions helps those learning MySQL.
Lowercase Table Names
A student posed the question about why table names are case sensitive. That’s because case sensitive table names are the default installation, as qualified in the MySQL documentation. You can verify that with the following query:
SELECT CASE WHEN @@lower_case_table_names = 1 THEN 'Case insensitive tables' ELSE 'Case sensitive tables.' END AS "Table Name Status"; |
The default value returned on Linux is:
+------------------------+ | Table Name Status | +------------------------+ | Case sensitive tables. | +------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) |
The default value for the lower_case_table_names value on the Windows OS is 1 not 0 because you can inadvertently create a lowercase and case sensitive table when you write an INSERT statement and use a lowercase table name. I’ve provided that detail in a reply comment to this blog post.
You can change the default by adding the following parameter in the my.cnf file on Linux or the my.ini file on Windows:
# Make all tables case insensitive. lower_case_table_names=1 |
This lets you enter tables in upper or mixed case, and stores them in the data catalog as lowercase table names.
Fedora PostgreSQL Install
Somebody asked how to put PostgreSQL on my Fedora image with Oracle Database 11g and MySQL. It’s fairly simple. You can check for the current download at yum.postgresql.org and then download it like this as the root user:
yum localinstall http://yum.postgresql.org/9.3/fedora/fedora-20-x86_64/pgdg-fedora93-9.3-1.noarch.rpm |
You should see the following output when the download is successful, don’t forget to type y to complete the download:
Loaded plugins: langpacks, refresh-packagekit pgdg-fedora93-9.3-1.noarch.rpm | 5.1 kB 00:00 Examining /var/tmp/yum-root-2EPf_J/pgdg-fedora93-9.3-1.noarch.rpm: pgdg-fedora93-9.3-1.noarch Marking /var/tmp/yum-root-2EPf_J/pgdg-fedora93-9.3-1.noarch.rpm to be installed Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package pgdg-fedora93.noarch 0:9.3-1 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: pgdg-fedora93 noarch 9.3-1 /pgdg-fedora93-9.3-1.noarch 2.1 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 1 Package Total size: 2.1 k Installed size: 2.1 k Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction (shutdown inhibited) Installing : pgdg-fedora93-9.3-1.noarch 1/1 Verifying : pgdg-fedora93-9.3-1.noarch 1/1 Installed: pgdg-fedora93.noarch 0:9.3-1 Complete! |
After downloading the packages, you install with the following command:
yum install postgresql93-server |
You should see the following output when the installation is successful, don’t forget to type y to complete the installation:
Loaded plugins: langpacks, refresh-packagekit pgdg93 | 3.6 kB 00:00 (1/2): pgdg93/20/x86_64/group_gz | 332 B 00:00 (2/2): pgdg93/20/x86_64/primary_db | 84 kB 00:00 Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package postgresql93-server.x86_64 0:9.3.5-1PGDG.f20 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: postgresql93-libs(x86-64) = 9.3.5-1PGDG.f20 for package: postgresql93-server-9.3.5-1PGDG.f20.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: postgresql93(x86-64) = 9.3.5-1PGDG.f20 for package: postgresql93-server-9.3.5-1PGDG.f20.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: postgresql93 = 9.3.5-1PGDG.f20 for package: postgresql93-server-9.3.5-1PGDG.f20.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libpq.so.5()(64bit) for package: postgresql93-server-9.3.5-1PGDG.f20.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package postgresql93.x86_64 0:9.3.5-1PGDG.f20 will be installed ---> Package postgresql93-libs.x86_64 0:9.3.5-1PGDG.f20 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: postgresql93-server x86_64 9.3.5-1PGDG.f20 pgdg93 3.6 M Installing for dependencies: postgresql93 x86_64 9.3.5-1PGDG.f20 pgdg93 1.0 M postgresql93-libs x86_64 9.3.5-1PGDG.f20 pgdg93 203 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 1 Package (+2 Dependent packages) Total download size: 4.8 M Installed size: 22 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: (1/3): postgresql93-libs-9.3.5-1PGDG.f20.x86_64.rpm | 203 kB 00:00 (2/3): postgresql93-9.3.5-1PGDG.f20.x86_64.rpm | 1.0 MB 00:01 (3/3): postgresql93-server-9.3.5-1PGDG.f20.x86_64.rpm | 3.6 MB 00:02 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 1.6 MB/s | 4.8 MB 00:02 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction (shutdown inhibited) Installing : postgresql93-libs-9.3.5-1PGDG.f20.x86_64 1/3 Installing : postgresql93-9.3.5-1PGDG.f20.x86_64 2/3 Installing : postgresql93-server-9.3.5-1PGDG.f20.x86_64 3/3 Verifying : postgresql93-server-9.3.5-1PGDG.f20.x86_64 1/3 Verifying : postgresql93-9.3.5-1PGDG.f20.x86_64 2/3 Verifying : postgresql93-libs-9.3.5-1PGDG.f20.x86_64 3/3 Installed: postgresql93-server.x86_64 0:9.3.5-1PGDG.f20 Dependency Installed: postgresql93.x86_64 0:9.3.5-1PGDG.f20 postgresql93-libs.x86_64 0:9.3.5-1PGDG.f20 Complete! |
You can confirm the installation with the following command:
rpm -qa | grep postgres |
It returns:
postgresql93-9.3.5-1PGDG.f20.x86_64 postgresql93-server-9.3.5-1PGDG.f20.x86_64 postgresql93-libs-9.3.5-1PGDG.f20.x86_64 |
You’ve now installed PostgreSQL but did you really? If you’re asking that questions you have other questions. Let me try to answer them quickly, here:
You have installed PostgreSQL and created a postgres user. postgres is the owner of the PostgreSQL database. You can connect to the database as the postgres user without credentials because that’s where you administer the database. However, you can’t connect using ssh as the postgres user. You must use sudo to assume the root user’s privileges and then use the su command to become the postgres user.
If you just completed the installation, you are the root user. You can verify that with a call to the whoami utility:
whoami |
It should return:
root |
You connect as the postgres user with the su utility like this:
su - postgres |
If you rerun the whoami command now, you should see:
postgres |
You can start the PostgreSQL command-line utility (psql), like this:
psql |
At the postgres (or psql) prompt, you can interactively confirm the setup of a database installation:
postgres=# SELECT setting as "Data Location" postgres-# FROM pg_settings postgres-# WHERE name = 'data_directory'; |
It should return the following:
Data Location ------------------------- /var/lib/pgsql/9.3/data (1 row) |
At this point, you should refer to this other blog post that shows you how to setup a new Database or Schema in PostgreSQL. You can find basic Postgres help files in this other blog post. As always, I hope this helps those timid about adding new software.
MySQL Image Architecture
The LinkedIn MySQL DB Development group posed a questions on how to handle images. Naturally, the argument always goes: Should images be deployed in the database or the file system? I believe they should be stored in the database because the cost and time associated is too high with regard to managing files, a file naming schema, and backing up the file system discretely from the database.
Since there’s a significant difference between the backup of transactional data and image data, they should be placed in different databases. The imagedb database is where you would place the images and large text descriptions, as shown in the MySQL Workbench ERD:
The imagedb ERD splits the foreign key references back to the system_user table, which contains the individual user credentials. The system_user table serves as the Access Control List (ACL) for the application.
Until I get a chance to write the code for this model, you can refer to the generic PHP/MySQL solution from several years back (its code source was last tested with PHP 5.3). As always, I hope this helps.
MySQL Book in Chinese
One of my old students and lab assistants stopped by to show his fiancée the BYU-Idaho campus. It was a long trip since he lives in Macao, China.
He kindly brought me a copy of my Oracle Database 11g and MySQL 5.6 Developer Handbook in simplified Chinese. He’s holding it in the photo.
That makes three books translated into Chinese, which made my day. It’ll be interesting to see if the new MySQL Workbench: Data Modeling & Development book gets translated into Chinese too. Oddly, I never hear about this from the publisher first.
The cover emphasized only the Dolphin, not the Oracle logo material. It made me wonder, how many MySQL users there might be in China. If anybody from China catches the post, it would be great to hear about the MySQL Community in China.
Likewise, if anybody in China catches the post and reads the book, please let me know if you liked it. 😉 Naturally, let me know if you found any problems with it too. By the way, I keep an errata for the book here.
Zend 6 & Timezones
Just went through all my PHP testing against a fresh instance of Oracle with Zend Server Community Edition 6, and found these warnings, guess that’s pretty clean for the Oracle part of the installation. I didn’t notice it before because generally I do most of my PHP development against a MySQL database. I should have been configuring the php.ini file routinely, as qualified in this PHP forum discussion.
Warning: oci_set_client_info(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in C:\Program Files (x86)\Zend\Apache2\htdocs\Oracle\Db.php on line 47 Warning: oci_set_module_name(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in C:\Program Files (x86)\Zend\Apache2\htdocs\Oracle\Db.php on line 48 Warning: oci_set_action(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in C:\Program Files (x86)\Zend\Apache2\htdocs\Oracle\Db.php on line 69 |
Turns out Zend 6 doesn’t automatically set the [Date] elements in the php.ini file, which is required for the oci_set_client_info(), oci_set_module_name(), and oci_set_action() functions of the OCI. You can find the php.ini file in the C:\Program Files (x86)\Zend\ZendServer\etc folder on Windows:
[Date] ; Defines the default timezone used by the date functions ; http://php.net/date.timezone ;date.timezone = ; http://php.net/date.default-latitude ;date.default_latitude = 31.7667 ; http://php.net/date.default-longitude ;date.default_longitude = 35.2333 ; http://php.net/date.sunrise-zenith ;date.sunrise_zenith = 90.583333 ; http://php.net/date.sunset-zenith ;date.sunset_zenith = 90.583333 |
You can find the values for date.timezone here. Update the date.timezone as follows:
date.timezone = America/Denver |
Then, reboot the Zend Server, and it fixes the warning messages.
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