MacLochlainns Weblog

It’s always a bit difficult to trap errors in SQL*Developer when you’re running scripts that do multiple things. As old as it is, using the SQL*Plus utility and spooling to log files is generally the fastest way to localize errors across multiple elements of scripts. Unfortunately, you must break up you components into local components, like a when you create a type, procedure, function, or package.

This is part of my solution to leverage in-depth testing of the Oracle Database 23ai Free container from an Ubuntu native platform. You can find this prior post shows you how to setup Oracle*Client for Ubuntu and connect to the Oracle Database 23ai Free container.

After you’ve done that, put the following oracle_errors Bash shell function into your testing context, or into your .bashrc file:

# Troubleshooting errors utility function.
oracle_errors ()
{
  #  Oracle Error prefixes qualify groups of error types, like
  #  this subset of error prefixes used in the Bash function.
  # ============================================================
  #  JMS - Java Messaging Errors
  #  JZN - JSON Errors
  #  KUP - External Table Access Errors
  #  LGI - File I/O Errors
  #  OCI - Oracle Call Interface Errors
  #  ORA - Oracle Database Errors
  #  PCC - Oracle Precompiler Errors
  #  PLS - Oracle PL/SQL Errors
  #  PLW - Oracle PL/SQL Warnings
  #  SP2 - Oracle SQL*Plus Errors
  #  SQL - SQL Library Errors
  #  TNS - SQL*Net (networking) Errors
  # ============================================================
 
  # Define a array of Oracle error prefixes.
  prefixes=("jms" "jzn" "kup" "lgi" "oci" "ora" "pcc" "pls" "plw" "sp2" "sql" "tns")
 
  # Prepend the -e for the grep utility to use regular expression pattern matching; and
  # use the ^before the Oracle error prefixes to avoid returning lines that may
  # contain the prefix in a comment, like the word lookup contains the prefix kup.
  for str in ${prefixes[@]}; do
    patterns+=" -e ^${str}"
  done
 
  # Display output from a SQL*Plus show errors command written to a log file when
  # a procedure, function, object type, or package body fails to compile. This
  # prints the warning message followed by the line number displayed.
  patterns+=" -e ^warning"
  patterns+=" -e ^[0-9]/[0-9]"
 
  # Assign any file filter to the ext variable.
  ext=${1}
 
  # Assign the extension or simply use a wildcard for all files.
  if [ ! -z ${ext} ]; then
    ext="*.${ext}"
  else
    ext="*"
  fi
 
  # Assign the number of qualifying files to a variable.
  fileNum=$(ls -l ${ext} 2>/dev/null | grep -v ^l | wc -l)
 
  # Evaluate the number of qualifying files and process.
  if [ ${fileNum} -eq "0" ]; then
    echo "[0] files exist."
  elif [ ${fileNum} -eq "1" ]; then
    fileName=$(ls ${ext})
    find `pwd` -type f | grep -in ${ext} ${patterns}  |
    while IFS='\n' read list; do
      echo "${fileName}:${list}"
    done
  else
    find `pwd` -type f | grep -in ${ext} ${patterns}  |
    while IFS='\n' read list; do
      echo "${list}"
    done
  fi
 
  # Clear ${patterns} variable.
  patterns=""
}

Now, let’s create a debug.txt test file to demonstrate how to use the oracle_errors, like:

ORA-12704: character SET mismatch
PLS-00124: name OF EXCEPTION expected FOR FIRST arg IN exception_init PRAGMA
SP2-00200: Environment error
JMS-00402: Class NOT found
JZN-00001: END OF input

You can navigate to your logging directory and call the oracle_errors function, like:

oracle_errors txt

It’ll return the following, which is file number, line number, and error code:

debug.txt:1:ORA-12704: character set mismatch
debug.txt:2:PLS-00124: name of exception expected for first arg in exception_init pragma
debug.txt:3:SP2-00200: Environment error
debug.txt:4:JMS-00402: Class not found
debug.txt:5:JZN-00001: End of input

There are other Oracle error prefixes but the ones I’ve selected are the more common errors for Java, JavaScript, PL/SQL, Python, and SQL testing. You can add others if your use cases require them to the prefixes array. Just a note for those new to Bash shell scripting the “${variable_name}” is required for arrays.

For a more complete example, I created the following files for a trivial example of procedure overloading in PL/SQL:

1. tables.sql – that creates two tables.
2. spec.sql – that creates a package specification.
3. body.sql – that implements a package specification.
4. test.sql – that implements a test case using the package.
5. integration.sql – that calls the the scripts in proper order.

The tables.sql, spec.sql, body.sql, and test.sql use the SQL*Plus spool command to write log files, like:

SPOOL spec.txt
 
-- Insert code here ...
 
SPOOL OFF

The body.sql file includes SQL*Plus list and show errors commands, like:

SPOOL spec.txt
 
-- Insert code here ...
 
LIST
SHOW ERRORS
 
SPOOL OFF

The integration.sql script calls the tables.sql, spec.sql, body.sql, and test.sql in order. Corrupting the spec.sql file by adding a stray “x” to one of the parameter names causes a cascade of errors. After running the integration.sql file with the introduced error, the Bash oracle_errors function returns:

body.txt:2:Warning: Package Body created with compilation errors.
body.txt:148:4/13     PLS-00323: subprogram or cursor 'WARNER_BROTHER' is declared in a      
test.txt:4:ORA-06550: line 2, column 3: 
test.txt:5:PLS-00306: wrong number or types of arguments in call to 'WARNER_BROTHER' 
test.txt:6:ORA-06550: line 2, column 3:

I hope that helps those learning how to program and perform integration testing in an Oracle Database.

With the release of Oracle Database 23c Free came the ability to update components of the container’s base operating system. Naturally, I took full advantage of that to build my development machine on an Ubuntu 22.0.4 VMware instance with a Docker implementation of the Oracle Database 23c Free container.

Unfortunately, there were changes from that release to the release of Oracle Database 23ai Free. Specifically, Oracle disallows direct patching of their published container’s native Unbreakable Linux 8. It appears the restriction lies in licensing but I haven’t been able to get a clear answer. Oracle’s instructions also shifted from using Docker to using Podman, which reduces the development platform to a limited type of Database as a Service (DaaS) environment. Moreover, that means it requires more skill to leverage the Oracle Database 23ai Free container as a real developer environment by installing and configuring Oracle’s Client software on the host Ubuntu operating system. Then, you must create a host of shared directories to the container to use external files or test external libraries.

While Oracle’s invocation of proprietary control of their native OS is annoying, it’s not nearly as onerous as Apple’s decision to not offer an Intel chip for their MacBook Pro machines. I’ve a hunch Oracle will grant access to their Oracle 23ai Free container in the future but for now this article shows you how to get native SQL*Plus access working.

As to Apple, while I’ve fixed my older machines by upgrading my Intel-based MacBook Pro (i7) to native Ubuntu, it still annoying. Yes, Tim Cooke, I’d rather run Ubuntu than sell back a wonderful piece of hardware on the cheap to Apple. I also did the same upgrade to my iMac 5K with 32 GB of RAM but swapped the cheap hybrid drive for a 2TB SSD.

Now to the technical content that lets you natively develop using Oracle’s SQL*Plus on Ubuntu against the Oracle Database 23ai Free container. While I love SQL*Developer, it has significant limits when testing large blocks of code. Whereas, good techniques, sqlplus, and Bash shell can simplify code development and integration testing.

Here are the steps to get sqlplus working on Ubuntu for your Oracle Database 23ai Free container:

1. You need to download the following two zip files from the Oracle Instant Client Downloads for Linux x86-64 (64-bit) website, which assumes an Intel x86 Chip Architecture:
   • Basic Package (ZIP)
   • SQL*Plus Package (ZIP)
2. Open a terminal as your default Ubuntu user and do the following to assume the root superuser responsibility:

   sudo sh

   sudo sh

   As the root user, create the following directory for the Oracle Client software:

   mkdir /opt/oracle/instantclient_23_4

   mkdir /opt/oracle/instantclient_23_4

   As the root user, copy the previously downloaded files to the /opt/oracle directory (this assumes your default user is name as the student user:

   cp ~student/Downloads/instantclient*.zip /opt/oracle/.

   cp ~student/Downloads/instantclient*.zip /opt/oracle/.

   As the root user, change directory with the cd command to the /opt/oracle directory and verify with the ls -al command that you have the following two files:

   total 120968 drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jul 3 14:29 . drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Jul 3 09:09 .. drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jul 3 10:11 instantclient_23_4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 118377607 Jul 3 14:29 instantclient-basic-linux.x64-23.4.0.24.05.zip -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5471693 Jul 3 14:29 instantclient-sqlplus-linux.x64-23.4.0.24.05.zip

   total 120968 drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jul 3 14:29 . drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Jul 3 09:09 .. drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jul 3 10:11 instantclient_23_4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 118377607 Jul 3 14:29 instantclient-basic-linux.x64-23.4.0.24.05.zip -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5471693 Jul 3 14:29 instantclient-sqlplus-linux.x64-23.4.0.24.05.zip

   As the root user, unzip the two zip files in the following order with the unzip command:

   unzip instantclient-basic-linux.x64-23.4.0.24.05.zip

   unzip instantclient-basic-linux.x64-23.4.0.24.05.zip

   Display detailed console log →

   Archive: instantclient-basic-linux.x64-23.4.0.24.05.zip inflating: META-INF/MANIFEST.MF inflating: META-INF/ORACLE_C.SF inflating: META-INF/ORACLE_C.RSA inflating: instantclient_23_4/adrci inflating: instantclient_23_4/BASIC_LICENSE inflating: instantclient_23_4/BASIC_README inflating: instantclient_23_4/fips.so inflating: instantclient_23_4/genezi inflating: instantclient_23_4/legacy.so linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.12.1 -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.18.1 -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.19.1 -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.20.1 -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.21.1 -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.22.1 -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 inflating: instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so -> libclntsh.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.10.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.11.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.12.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.18.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.19.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.20.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.21.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.22.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 inflating: instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.23.1 inflating: instantclient_23_4/libnnz.so linking: instantclient_23_4/libocci.so -> libocci.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.10.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.11.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.12.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.18.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.19.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.20.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.21.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.22.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 inflating: instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.23.1 inflating: instantclient_23_4/libociei.so inflating: instantclient_23_4/libocijdbc23.so inflating: instantclient_23_4/libtfojdbc1.so creating: instantclient_23_4/network/ inflating: instantclient_23_4/ojdbc11.jar inflating: instantclient_23_4/ojdbc8.jar inflating: instantclient_23_4/pkcs11.so inflating: instantclient_23_4/ucp11.jar inflating: instantclient_23_4/ucp.jar inflating: instantclient_23_4/uidrvci inflating: instantclient_23_4/xstreams.jar creating: instantclient_23_4/network/admin/ inflating: instantclient_23_4/network/admin/README finishing deferred symbolic links: instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.12.1 -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.18.1 -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.19.1 -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.20.1 -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.21.1 -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.22.1 -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so -> libclntsh.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.10.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.11.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.12.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.18.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.19.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.20.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.21.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.22.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libocci.so -> libocci.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.10.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.11.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.12.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.18.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.19.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.20.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.21.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.22.1 -> libocci.so.23.1

   Archive: instantclient-basic-linux.x64-23.4.0.24.05.zip inflating: META-INF/MANIFEST.MF inflating: META-INF/ORACLE_C.SF inflating: META-INF/ORACLE_C.RSA inflating: instantclient_23_4/adrci inflating: instantclient_23_4/BASIC_LICENSE inflating: instantclient_23_4/BASIC_README inflating: instantclient_23_4/fips.so inflating: instantclient_23_4/genezi inflating: instantclient_23_4/legacy.so linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.12.1 -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.18.1 -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.19.1 -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.20.1 -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.21.1 -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.22.1 -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 inflating: instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so -> libclntsh.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.10.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.11.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.12.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.18.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.19.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.20.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.21.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.22.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 inflating: instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.23.1 inflating: instantclient_23_4/libnnz.so linking: instantclient_23_4/libocci.so -> libocci.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.10.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.11.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.12.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.18.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.19.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.20.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.21.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.22.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 inflating: instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.23.1 inflating: instantclient_23_4/libociei.so inflating: instantclient_23_4/libocijdbc23.so inflating: instantclient_23_4/libtfojdbc1.so creating: instantclient_23_4/network/ inflating: instantclient_23_4/ojdbc11.jar inflating: instantclient_23_4/ojdbc8.jar inflating: instantclient_23_4/pkcs11.so inflating: instantclient_23_4/ucp11.jar inflating: instantclient_23_4/ucp.jar inflating: instantclient_23_4/uidrvci inflating: instantclient_23_4/xstreams.jar creating: instantclient_23_4/network/admin/ inflating: instantclient_23_4/network/admin/README finishing deferred symbolic links: instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.12.1 -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.18.1 -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.19.1 -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.20.1 -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.21.1 -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.22.1 -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so -> libclntsh.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.10.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.11.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.12.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.18.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.19.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.20.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.21.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.22.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libocci.so -> libocci.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.10.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.11.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.12.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.18.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.19.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.20.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.21.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.22.1 -> libocci.so.23.1

   and, then

   unzip instantclient-sqlplus-linux.x64-23.4.0.24.05.zip

   unzip instantclient-sqlplus-linux.x64-23.4.0.24.05.zip

   Display detailed console log →

   Archive: instantclient-sqlplus-linux.x64-23.4.0.24.05.zip replace META-INF/MANIFEST.MF? [y]es, [n]o, [A]ll, [N]one, [r]ename: y inflating: META-INF/MANIFEST.MF replace META-INF/ORACLE_C.SF? [y]es, [n]o, [A]ll, [N]one, [r]ename: y inflating: META-INF/ORACLE_C.SF replace META-INF/ORACLE_C.RSA? [y]es, [n]o, [A]ll, [N]one, [r]ename: y inflating: META-INF/ORACLE_C.RSA inflating: instantclient_23_4/glogin.sql inflating: instantclient_23_4/libsqlplusic.so inflating: instantclient_23_4/libsqlplus.so inflating: instantclient_23_4/sqlplus inflating: instantclient_23_4/SQLPLUS_LICENSE inflating: instantclient_23_4/SQLPLUS_README

   Archive: instantclient-sqlplus-linux.x64-23.4.0.24.05.zip replace META-INF/MANIFEST.MF? [y]es, [n]o, [A]ll, [N]one, [r]ename: y inflating: META-INF/MANIFEST.MF replace META-INF/ORACLE_C.SF? [y]es, [n]o, [A]ll, [N]one, [r]ename: y inflating: META-INF/ORACLE_C.SF replace META-INF/ORACLE_C.RSA? [y]es, [n]o, [A]ll, [N]one, [r]ename: y inflating: META-INF/ORACLE_C.RSA inflating: instantclient_23_4/glogin.sql inflating: instantclient_23_4/libsqlplusic.so inflating: instantclient_23_4/libsqlplus.so inflating: instantclient_23_4/sqlplus inflating: instantclient_23_4/SQLPLUS_LICENSE inflating: instantclient_23_4/SQLPLUS_README

3. As the root user, run these two commands:

   sudo sh -c "echo /opt/oracle/instantclient_23_4 > \ /etc/ld.so.conf.d/oracle-instantclient.conf" sudo ldconfig

   sudo sh -c "echo /opt/oracle/instantclient_23_4 > \ /etc/ld.so.conf.d/oracle-instantclient.conf" sudo ldconfig

   Next, you’ll test the installation. As the root user, run these three commands, which you’ll later add to your standard Ubuntu user’s .bashrc file:

   export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/instantclient_23_4 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME

   export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/instantclient_23_4 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME

   As the root user, you can now test whether you can start the Oracle SQL*Plus client with the following command:

   sqlplus /nolog

   sqlplus /nolog

   It should connect and return this:

   SQL*Plus: RELEASE 23.0.0.0.0 - Production ON Wed Jul 3 10:12:33 2024 Version 23.4.0.24.05   Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle. ALL rights reserved.   SQL>

   SQL*Plus: Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Jul 3 10:12:33 2024 Version 23.4.0.24.05 Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle. All rights reserved. SQL>

   If you get this type of error, either you didn’t install the Oracle instant client basic libraries or you installed an incompatible version:

   sqlplus: error while loading shared libraries: libclntsh.so.23.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

   sqlplus: error while loading shared libraries: libclntsh.so.23.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

   If you got the error, you’ll need to readdress the installation of the Oracle instant client typically.

   Another type of error can occur if you get ahead of these instructions and try to connect to the Oracle Database 23ai Free container with syntax like this:

   sql> connect c##student/student@free

   sql> connect c##student/student@free

   because you’ll most likely get an error like this:

   ERROR: ORA-12162: TNS:net service name is incorrectly specified Help: https://docs.oracle.com/error-help/db/ora-12162/

   ERROR: ORA-12162: TNS:net service name is incorrectly specified Help: https://docs.oracle.com/error-help/db/ora-12162/

   The error occurs because you haven’t setup the Oracle Net Services, which is level 5 in the OSI (Open System Interconnection) Model. In Oracle-speak, that means you haven’t setup a tnsnames.ora file, failed to put the tnsnames.ora file in the right place, or failed to set the $TNS_ADMIN environment variable correctly.

4. While there are many ways to setup a tnsnames.ora file, the best way is to follow Oracle’s recommended approaches. In the Oracle client approach you should put the tnsnames.ora file in the $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin directory and use the $TNS_ADMIN environment variable to point to it. Unfortunately, that approach doesn’t work when you’re installing the Oracle client software unless you want to play with mount points. It’s easiest to create a hidden directory in your sandbox user, which is student in this example.

   As the root user, use the mkdir command to create the .oracle directory in your student user directory:

   mkdir /home/student/.oracle

   mkdir /home/student/.oracle

   As the student user, navigate to the /home/student/.oracle directory and create the tnsnames.ora file with the following text:

   # tnsnames.ora Network Configuration FILE:   FREE = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 127.0.0.0)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = FREE) ) )   LISTENER_FREE = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 127.0.0.0)(PORT = 1521))   FREEPDB1 = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 127.0.0.0)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = FREEPDB1) ) )   EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC_FOR_FREE)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SID = PLSExtProc) (PRESENTATION = RO) ) )

   # tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: FREE = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 127.0.0.0)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = FREE) ) ) LISTENER_FREE = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 127.0.0.0)(PORT = 1521)) FREEPDB1 = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 127.0.0.0)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = FREEPDB1) ) ) EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC_FOR_FREE)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SID = PLSExtProc) (PRESENTATION = RO) ) )

   Exit the root user to your student user. As the student user set the $TNS_ADMIN environment variable like:

   export TNS_ADMIN=$HOME/.oracle

   export TNS_ADMIN=$HOME/.oracle

   Assuming you’ve already created a container user, like c##student, connect to sqlplus with the following syntax:

   sqlplus c##student/student@free

   sqlplus c##student/student@free

   You should see the following when connection to an Oracle 23c Container:

   SQL*Plus: Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Jul 3 15:05:10 2024 Version 23.4.0.24.05   Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle. All rights reserved.   Last Successful login time: Wed Jul 03 2024 10:52:13 -06:00   Connected to: Oracle Database 23c Free Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Develop, Learn, and Run for Free Version 23.3.0.23.09   SQL>

   SQL*Plus: Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Jul 3 15:05:10 2024 Version 23.4.0.24.05 Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle. All rights reserved. Last Successful login time: Wed Jul 03 2024 10:52:13 -06:00 Connected to: Oracle Database 23c Free Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Develop, Learn, and Run for Free Version 23.3.0.23.09 SQL>

   You should see the following when connection to an Oracle 23ai Container:

   SQL*Plus: Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat Jul 20 11:05:08 2024 Version 23.4.0.24.05   Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle. All rights reserved.   Last Successful login time: Sat Jul 20 2024 10:41:38 -06:00   Connected to: Oracle Database 23ai Free Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Develop, Learn, and Run for Free Version 23.4.0.24.05   SQL>

   SQL*Plus: Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat Jul 20 11:05:08 2024 Version 23.4.0.24.05 Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle. All rights reserved. Last Successful login time: Sat Jul 20 2024 10:41:38 -06:00 Connected to: Oracle Database 23ai Free Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Develop, Learn, and Run for Free Version 23.4.0.24.05 SQL>

5. The last step adds all of the configuration settings into the .bashrc file. Before we do that, you may want to add the rlwrap utility library so you can use the up-arrow to navigate the sqlplus history. You install it as the root or sudo user on Ubuntu, like

   apt install -y rlwrap

   apt install -y rlwrap

   Display detailed console log →

   Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: libwpe-1.0-1 libwpebackend-fdo-1.0-1 Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them. The following NEW packages will be installed: rlwrap 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 5 not upgraded. Need to get 98.2 kB of archives. After this operation, 309 kB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 rlwrap amd64 0.43-1build3 [98.2 kB] Fetched 98.2 kB in 1s (160 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package rlwrap. (Reading database ... 211287 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../rlwrap_0.43-1build3_amd64.deb ... Unpacking rlwrap (0.43-1build3) ... Setting up rlwrap (0.43-1build3) ... update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/rlwrap to provide /usr/bin/readline-editor ( readline-editor) in auto mode Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ...

   Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: libwpe-1.0-1 libwpebackend-fdo-1.0-1 Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them. The following NEW packages will be installed: rlwrap 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 5 not upgraded. Need to get 98.2 kB of archives. After this operation, 309 kB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 rlwrap amd64 0.43-1build3 [98.2 kB] Fetched 98.2 kB in 1s (160 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package rlwrap. (Reading database ... 211287 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../rlwrap_0.43-1build3_amd64.deb ... Unpacking rlwrap (0.43-1build3) ... Setting up rlwrap (0.43-1build3) ... update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/rlwrap to provide /usr/bin/readline-editor ( readline-editor) in auto mode Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ...

   If you want to manually check what you’re removing, use the following command as the root user:

   apt autoremove

   apt autoremove

   Display detailed console log →

   Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done The following packages will be REMOVED: libwpe-1.0-1 libwpebackend-fdo-1.0-1 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 2 to remove and 5 not upgraded. After this operation, 182 kB disk space will be freed. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y (Reading database ... 211329 files and directories currently installed.) Removing libwpebackend-fdo-1.0-1:amd64 (1.14.2-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ... Removing libwpe-1.0-1:amd64 (1.14.0-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.35-0ubuntu3.8) ...

   Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done The following packages will be REMOVED: libwpe-1.0-1 libwpebackend-fdo-1.0-1 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 2 to remove and 5 not upgraded. After this operation, 182 kB disk space will be freed. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y (Reading database ... 211329 files and directories currently installed.) Removing libwpebackend-fdo-1.0-1:amd64 (1.14.2-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ... Removing libwpe-1.0-1:amd64 (1.14.0-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.35-0ubuntu3.8) ...

6. The last step requires that you put the environment variables into the student user’s .bashrc shell script, and add a sqlplus function to take advantage of the new libraries added to read your prior history inside the SQL*Plus command line.

   You should edit the .bashrc file and add the following environment variables and sqlplus() function:

   # Configure Oracle Client software. export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/instantclient_23_4 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME export TNS_ADMIN=$HOME/.oracle   # A user-defined function to wrap the sqlplus history. sqlplus () { # Discover the fully qualified program name. path=`which rlwrap 2>/dev/null` file=''   # Parse the program name from the path. if [ -n ${path} ]; then file=${path##/*/} fi;   # Wrap when there is a file and it is rewrap. if [ -n ${file} ] && [[ ${file} = "rlwrap" ]]; then rlwrap $ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus "${@}" else echo "Command-line history unavailable: Install the rlwrap package." $ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus "${@}" fi }

   # Configure Oracle Client software. export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/instantclient_23_4 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME export TNS_ADMIN=$HOME/.oracle # A user-defined function to wrap the sqlplus history. sqlplus () { # Discover the fully qualified program name. path=`which rlwrap 2>/dev/null` file='' # Parse the program name from the path. if [ -n ${path} ]; then file=${path##/*/} fi; # Wrap when there is a file and it is rewrap. if [ -n ${file} ] && [[ ${file} = "rlwrap" ]]; then rlwrap $ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus "${@}" else echo "Command-line history unavailable: Install the rlwrap package." $ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus "${@}" fi }

   You should remember that when you access sqlplus from the Ubuntu environment the TNS net service name is required. If you should forget to include it like this:

   sqlplus c##student/student

   sqlplus c##student/student

   You’ll get the following error:

   ERROR: ORA-12162: TNS:net service name is incorrectly specified Help: https://docs.oracle.com/error-help/db/ora-12162/

   ERROR: ORA-12162: TNS:net service name is incorrectly specified Help: https://docs.oracle.com/error-help/db/ora-12162/

   The correct way is:

   sqlplus c##student/student@free

   sqlplus c##student/student@free

As always, I hope this helps those looking for a solution.

The first part of this series showed how you can leverage Oracle’s SQL syntax with UDT columns and collection columns. It would be nice if Oracle gave you some SQL to work with the elements of ADT collections, but they don’t. After all, that’s why you have this article.

While you could change the setup of the prior example table, it’s easier to create a new customer table. The new customer table drops the address column. There’s also a new pizza table. The pizza table includes an ingredient ADT collection column, which by design holds a unique set of ingredients for each pizza.

Realistically, ADT collections of numbers, characters, and dates have little value by themselves. That’s because those data types typically don’t have much meaning. A set of unique strings can be useful for certain use cases.

You create the list ADT type with this syntax:

SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE
  2    TYPE list IS TABLE OF VARCHAR2(20);
  3  /

You create the customer and pizza tables, and customer_s and pizza_s sequences with the following syntax:

SQL> CREATE TABLE customer
  2  ( customer_id  NUMBER
  3  , first_name   VARCHAR2(20)
  4  , last_name    VARCHAR2(20)
  5  , CONSTRAINT pk_customer PRIMARY KEY (customer_id));
 
SQL> CREATE SEQUENCE customer_s;
 
SQL> CREATE TABLE pizza
  2  ( pizza_id     NUMBER
  3  , customer_id  NUMBER
  4  , pizza_size   VARCHAR2(10)
  5  , ingredients  LIST
  6  , CONSTRAINT pk_pizza PRIMARY KEY (pizza_id)
  7  , CONSTRAINT ck_pizza_size
  8    CHECK (pizza_size IN ('Mini','Small','Medium','Large','Very Large')))
  9  NESTED TABLE ingredients STORE AS ingredient_table;
 
SQL> CREATE SEQUENCE pizza_s;

The customer table only has scalar columns. The pizza table has the ingredient ADT collection column. Line 9 creates a nested ingredient_table for the ingredient ADT collection column.

There is a primary and foreign key relationship between the customer and pizza tables. That relationship between the tables requires that you insert rows into the customer table before you insert rows into the pizza table.

The sample script populates the customer table with characters from the Green Arrow television show, as follows:

  Customer
    ID # Last Name  First Name
-------- ---------- ----------
       1 Queen      Oliver
       2 Queen      Thea
       3 Queen      Moira
       4 Lance      Dinah
       5 Lance      Quentin
       6 Diggle     John
       7 Wilson     Slade

Next, you can insert three rows into the pizza table. Each has different ingredients in the ingredient ADT column.

The following is the syntax for the INSERT statements:

SQL> INSERT INTO pizza
  2  VALUES
  3  ( pizza_s.NEXTVAL
  4  ,(SELECT c.customer_id FROM customer c
  5    WHERE  c.first_name = 'Quentin' AND c.last_name = 'Lance')
  6  ,'Large'
  7  , list('Cheese','Marinara Sauce','Sausage','Salami'));
 
SQL> INSERT INTO pizza
  2  VALUES
  3  ( pizza_s.NEXTVAL
  4  ,(SELECT c.customer_id FROM customer c
  5    WHERE  c.first_name = 'Thea' AND c.last_name = 'Queen')
  6  ,'Medium'
  7  , list('Cheese','Marinara Sauce','Canadian Bacon','Pineapple'));
 
SQL> INSERT INTO pizza
  2  VALUES
  3  ( pizza_s.NEXTVAL
  4  ,(SELECT c.customer_id FROM customer c
  5    WHERE  c.first_name = 'John' AND c.last_name = 'Diggle')
  6  ,'Small'
  7  , list('Cheese','BBQ Sauce','Chicken'));

Querying results from tables with nested ADT columns provides interesting results. An ordinary query, like this:

SQL> COL pizza_id     FORMAT 99999  HEADING "Pizza|ID #"
SQL> COL pizza_size   FORMAT A6     HEADING "Pizza|Size"
SQL> COL ingredients  FORMAT A64    HEADING "Ingredients"
SQL> SELECT pizza_id
  2  ,      pizza_size
  3  ,      ingredients
  4  FROM   pizza;

… returns the following results with a flattened object type:

Pizza Pizza
  ID # Size   Ingredients
------ ------ ----------------------------------------------------------------“
     1 Large  LIST('Cheese', 'Marinara Sauce', 'Sausage', 'Salami')
     2 Medium LIST('Cheese', 'Marinara Sauce', 'Canadian Bacon', 'Pineapple')
     3 Small  LIST('Cheese', 'BBQ Sauce', 'Chicken')

If you use a CROSS JOIN it multiplies each row times the number of items in the ADT collection column. The multiplication hides the results.

The best solution for displaying results from an ADT collection requires that you serialize the results. The following serialize_set PL/SQL function creates a serialized comma separated list:

SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE
  2    FUNCTION serialize_set (pv_list LIST) RETURN VARCHAR2 IS
  3      /* Declare a return string as large as you need. */
  4      lv_comma_string  VARCHAR2(60);
  5    BEGIN
  6      /* Read list of values and serialize them in a string. */
  7      FOR i IN 1..pv_list.COUNT LOOP
  8        IF NOT i = pv_list.COUNT THEN
  9          lv_comma_string := lv_comma_string || pv_list(i) || ', ';
 10        ELSE
 11          lv_comma_string := lv_comma_string || pv_list(i);
 12        END IF;
 13      END LOOP;
 14      RETURN lv_comma_string;
 15    END serialize_set;

You can now write a query that uses your PL/SQL function to format the ADT collection column values into a single row. The syntax for the query is:

SQL> SELECT pizza_id
  2  ,      pizza_size
  3  ,      serialize_set(ingredients) AS ingredients
  4  FROM   pizza;

It returns:

Pizza Pizza
  ID # Size   Ingredients
------ ------ -----------------------------------------------------------
     1 Large  Cheese, Marinara Sauce, Sausage, Salami
     2 Medium Cheese, Marinara Sauce, Canadian Bacon, Pineapple
     3 Small  Cheese, BBQ Sauce, Chicken

At this point, you know how to create a table with an ADT collection column and how to insert values. The Oracle documentation says you can only replace the whole content of the ADT column in an UPDATE statement. That’s true in practice but not in principle.

The principal differs because you can write PL/SQL functions that add, change, or remove elements from the ADT collection that works in an UPDATE statement. The trick is quite simple. You achieve it by:

• Passing the current ADT collection as a IN-only mode parameter
• Passing any new parameters when you add or change elements
• Passing any old parameters when you change or remove elements

Now, you will learn how to create the add_elements, change_elements, and remove_elements PL/SQL functions. They let you use an UPDATE statement to add, change, or remove elements from an ADT collection column.

Adding ADT elements with an UPDATE statement

This section shows you how to add elements to an ADT collection column with an UPDATE statement. The add_elements PL/SQL function can add one or many elements to an ADT collection column. That’s possible because the new element or elements are passed to the function inside an ADT collection parameter.

The merit of this type of solution is that you only need one function to accomplish two tasks. The test cases show you how to pass one new element or a set of new elements.

An alternative solution would have you write two functions. One would accept a collection parameter and a variable length string, and the other would accept two collection parameters. Many developers might choose to do that because they would like to leverage overloading inside PL/SQL packages. You should ask yourself one question when you make the decision about your approach to this problem: Which is easier to maintain and use?

The following creates the add_elements PL/SQL function:

SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE
  2    FUNCTION add_elements
  3    ( pv_list     LIST
  4    , pv_element  LIST ) RETURN LIST IS
  5      /* Declare local return collection variable. */
  6      lv_list  LIST;
  7    BEGIN
  8      /* Check for instantiated collection and initialize when necessary. */
  9      IF pv_list IS NULL THEN
 10        lv_list := list();
 11      ELSE
 12        /* Assign parameter collection to local collection variable. */
 13        lv_list := pv_list;
 14        FOR i IN 1..pv_element.COUNT LOOP
 15          /* Check to avoid duplicates, allocate memory and assign value. */
 16          IF NOT list(pv_element(i)) SUBMULTISET OF lv_list THEN
 17            lv_list.EXTEND;
 18            lv_list(lv_list.COUNT) := pv_element(i);
 19          END IF;
 20        END LOOP;
 21      END IF;
 22  
 23      /* Return new collection. */
 24      RETURN lv_list;
 25    END add_elements;
 26  /

Line 3 and 4 define the two parameters of the add_elements function as ADT collections. Line 4 also designates the return type of the function, which is the same ADT collection.

Line 6 declares a local ADT collection variable. You need a local lv_list ADT collection variable because you want to accept two collections and merge them into the local ADT collection variable. Then, you return the local ADT collection variable as the function outcome.

Line 9 checks whether the pv_list parameter is null. Line 10 initializes the lv_list variable when it is null to avoid an unitialized error when you try to assign values to it. Line 13 assigns an initialized ADT collection column’s value to the local lv_list variable. Line 14 starts a loop through the ADT collection you want to add to the ingredient column’s list of values.

Line 16 use the SUBMULTISET set operator to ensure that only new add elements when they don’t already exist in the ingredient ADT collection column. Line 17 allocates memory space in the lv_list variable, and line 18 assigns a new element to it.

You could extend memory for the total count of elements but that would make the index assignment on line 18 more complex. Combining them increments the count of items and lets you use the count as the index value. Line 24 returns the local ADT collection and replaces the original ingredient column value.

The test case for the function should ensure that only unique values are assigned to the ingredient ADT collection column value. This can be done by a three-step test case. The test queries the values in the ADT collection column, updates them, and re-queries them.

The following query shows you the contents of the row:

SQL> SELECT pizza_id, pizza_size
  2  ,      serialize_set(ingredients) AS ingredients
  3  FROM   pizza
  4  WHERE  customer_id =
  5          ( SELECT customer_id FROM customer
  6            WHERE  first_name = 'Quentin' AND last_name = 'Lance' );

It returns:

Pizza Pizza
  ID # Size   Ingredients
------ ------ -----------------------------------------------------------
     1 Large  Cheese, Marinara Sauce, Sausage, Salami

You can update the ADT collection column’s values with the following UPDATE statement. It attempts to add Sausage and Italian Sausage to the list of values. The function should add only Italian Sausage because Sausage already exists in the list of values. When you re-query the row you will see that the add_elements added only the element Italian Sausage.

You would use the following UPDATE statement:

SQL> UPDATE pizza
  2  SET    ingredients =
  3           add_elements(ingredients,list('Italian Sausage','Sausage'))
  4  WHERE  customer_id =
  5          (SELECT customer_id FROM customer
  6           WHERE  first_name = 'Quentin' AND last_name = 'Lance');

Line 3 calls the add_elements PL/SQL function with the ingredient ADT collection column’s value as the first parameter. The second parameter is a dynamically created list of the elements. It contains the element or elements you want to add to the ingredient column’s values.

Re-querying the row, you should see that the UPDATE statement added only the Italian Sausage element to the row. You should see the following output:

Pizza Pizza 
  ID # Size   Ingredients
------ ------ -----------------------------------------------------------
     1 Large  Cheese, Marinara Sauce, Sausage, Salami, Italian Sausage'

As you can see, the call to the add_elements function adds only Italian Sausage to the list of values in the ingredient column, while a comma delimited list of single quote delimited strings allows you to add multiple elements. You add one element by making it the only single quote delimited item in the list constructor call.

Updating ADT elements with an UPDATE statement

This section shows you how to change elements in an ADT collection column with an UPDATE statement. The change_elements PL/SQL function can change one to many elements in an ADT collection column. That’s possible because the change element or elements are passed to the function inside ADT collection parameters.

Unlike the add_elements function, the change_elements function requires an ADT collection parameter and a UDT collection element. The UDT collection needs to hold an old and new value.

The alternative approach would require you to try and synchronize two ADT collection value sets. One would hold all the old values and the other would hold all the new values, and they would both need to be synchronized in mirrored positional order.

You define a pair UDT object type such as the following:

SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE
  2    TYPE pair IS OBJECT
  3    ( old  VARCHAR2(20)
  4    , NEW  VARCHAR2(20));
  5  /

Next, you define a change UDT collection type:

SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE
  2    TYPE change IS TABLE OF pair;
  3  /

You define the change_element function as shown below:

SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE
  2    FUNCTION change_elements
  3    ( pv_list     LIST
  4    , pv_element  CHANGE ) RETURN LIST IS
  5     /* Declare local return collection variable. */
  6     lv_list  LIST;
  7    BEGIN
  8     /* Check for instantiated collection and initialize when necessary. */
  9     IF pv_list IS NULL THEN
 10       lv_list := list();
 11     ELSE
 12       /* Assign parameter collection to local collection variable. */
 13       lv_list := pv_list;
 14       FOR i IN 1..pv_element.COUNT LOOP
 15         /* Check to avoid duplicates, allocate memory and assign value. */
 16         IF NOT list(pv_element(i).old) SUBMULTISET OF lv_list THEN
 17           lv_list.EXTEND;
 18           lv_list(lv_list.COUNT) := pv_element(i).NEW;
 19         END IF;
 20       END LOOP;
 21     END IF;
 22  
 23     /* Return new collection. */
 24     RETURN lv_list;
 25    END change_elements;
 26  /

Line 3 and 4 define the two parameters of the change_elements function. The first pv_list parameter uses the list ADT collection type and the list type that matches the ingredient column’s data type. Line 4 defines a parameter that uses the change UDT collection type, which is a collection of the pair UDT type.

Line 6 declares a local ADT collection variable, such as the add_elements function. The lv_list variable also serves the same purpose as it does in the add_elements function.

Line 9 checks whether the pv_list parameter is null. Line 10 initializes the lv_list variable when it is null to avoid an unitialized error when you try to assign values to it. Line 13 assigns an initialized ADT collection column’s value to the local lv_list variable. Line 14 starts a loop through the ADT collection you want to add to the ingredient column’s list of values.

Line 16 uses the SUBMULTISET set operator to ensure that the old element exists in the ingredient ADT collection column. Line 17 allocates memory space in the lv_list variable, and line 18 assigns the new element to it.

The change_elements function couples the memory allocation with the assignment of new values. Line 24 returns the local ADT collection and replaces the original ingredient column value.

The test case shows you how to pass one old and one new element or a set of old and new elements. The initial query shows you the data before the update:

SQL> SELECT pizza_id, pizza_size
  2  ,          serialize_set(ingredients) AS ingredients
  3  FROM   pizza
  4  WHERE  customer_id =
  5           (SELECT customer_id FROM customer
  6            WHERE  first_name = 'Thea' AND last_name = 'Queen');

It returns:

Pizza Pizza
  ID # Size   Ingredients
------ ------ -----------------------------------------------------------
     2 Medium Cheese, Marinara Sauce, Canadian Bacon

You now update the row with the following query:

SQL> UPDATE pizza
  2  SET    ingredients =
  3           change_elements(ingredients
  4                          ,change(pair(old => 'Italian Sausage'
  5                                      ,NEW => 'Linguica')))
  6  WHERE  customer_id =
  7          ( SELECT customer_id FROM customer
  8            WHERE  first_name = 'Thea' AND last_name = 'Queen' );

When you re-query the row, it shows you the following:

Pizza Pizza
  ID # Size   Ingredients
------ ------ -----------------------------------------------------------
     2 Medium Cheese, Marinara Sauce, Canadian Bacon, Linguica

As you can see, the call to the change_elements function changes onlyItalian Sausage to Linguica in the list of values in the ingredient column, while a comma delimited list of pair UDT values allows you to change multiple elements. You change one element by making it the only pair UDT in the change constructor call.

Removing ADT elements with an UPDATE statement

This section shows you how to remove elements from an ADT collection column with an UPDATE statement. The remove_elements PL/SQL function can remove one to many elements from an ADT collection column.

The remove_elements function works much like the add_elements function. It uses the same ADT collections as the add_elements function.

The code for the remove_elements function is:

SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE
  2    FUNCTION remove_elements
  3    ( pv_list      LIST
  4    , pv_elements  LIST ) RETURN LIST IS
  5      /* Declare local return collection variable. */
  6      lv_list      LIST;
  7    BEGIN
  8      /* Check for instantiation and element membership. */
  9      IF NOT (pv_list IS NULL AND pv_elements IS NULL) AND
 10             (pv_list.COUNT > 0 AND pv_elements.COUNT > 0) THEN
 11        /* Assign parameters to local variables. */
 12        lv_list := pv_list;
 13        /* Remove any elements from a collection. */
 14        FOR i IN 1..lv_list.COUNT LOOP
 15          FOR j IN 1..pv_elements.COUNT LOOP
 16            IF lv_list(i) = pv_elements(j) THEN
 17              lv_list.DELETE(i);
 18              EXIT;
 19            END IF;
 20          END LOOP;
 21        END LOOP;
 22      END IF;
 23  
 24      /* Return modified collection. */
 25      RETURN lv_list;
 26    END remove_elements;
 27  /

Lines 3, 4, and 6 work like the add_elements function. Lines 9 and 10 differ because they check for initialized collections that hold at least one element each. Line 12 mimics the behavior of line 13 in the add_elements function. Lines 14 through 16 implements a nested loop and filtering IF-statement. The IF-statement checks for a valid element to remove from the ingredient ADT column’s list of values.

Line 17 removes an element from the list. Line 18 exits the inner loop to skip the evaluation of other non-matches. It’s possible to do this because the add_elements and change_elements functions ensure a unique list of string values in the ingredient ADT collection.

The test case for the remove_elements function works like the earlier tests. You query the row that you will update to check its values; for instance:

SQL> SELECT pizza_id, pizza_size
  2  ,      serialize_set(ingredients) AS ingredients
  3  FROM   pizza
  4  WHERE  customer_id =
  5          (SELECT customer_id FROM customer
  6           WHERE  first_name = 'Thea' AND last_name = 'Queen');

It should return:

Pizza Pizza
  ID # Size   Ingredients
------ ------ ----------------------------------------------------------------
     2 Medium Cheese, Marinara Sauce, Canadian Bacon, Linguica

You would remove an element from the ingredient ADT collection column with the following UPDATE statement:

SQL> UPDATE pizza
  2  SET    ingredients =
  3           remove_elements(ingredients,list('Canadian Bacon'))
  4  WHERE  customer_id =
  5          ( SELECT customer_id FROM customer
  6            WHERE  first_name = 'Thea' AND last_name = 'Queen' );

When you re-query the row, you should see that Canadian Bacon is no longer an element in the ingredient ADT collection column. Like this:

Pizza Pizza
  ID # Size   Ingredients
------ ------ ----------------------------------------------------------------
     2 Medium Cheese, Marinara Sauce, Linguica

This two article series has shown you the differences between working with ADT and UDT collection. It has also shown you how to create PL/SQL functions to enable you to add, change, and remove elements from ADT column inside an UPDATE statement.

The next step would be for you to put the serialize_set, add_elements, change_elements, and remove_elements functions into an adt package. That package would look like:

SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE
  2    PACKAGE adt IS
  3  
  4    FUNCTION add_elements
  5    ( pv_list     LIST
  6    , pv_element  LIST ) RETURN LIST;
  7  
  8    FUNCTION change_elements
  9    ( pv_list     LIST
 10    , pv_element  CHANGE ) RETURN LIST;
 11  
 12    FUNCTION remove_elements
 13    ( pv_list      LIST
 14    , pv_elements  LIST ) RETURN LIST;
 15  
 16    FUNCTION serialize_set
 17    (pv_list LIST) RETURN VARCHAR2;
 18  
 19  END adt;
 20  /

Beyond writing an ADT package to manage a list of variable length strings, you have the opportunity to extend behaviors further through overloading. Overloading lets you define functions that use the same name with different parameter lists.

For example, you could define the LIST_D, LIST_N, and LIST_S as SQL ADT where they would implement ADTs of dates, numbers, and strings respectively. Then, you would write three versions of the preceding four functions. Each set of functions would work with one of the type specific ADTs, and provide you with a powerful utility package to add, change, remove, and serialize the values of date, number, and string ADTs.

When you put all the related functions into a package you simplify access and organize for reusability. That way you have all the tools you need inside a single adt package to write advanced UPDATE statements against ADT nested tables.

This two-part series covers how you update User-Defined Types (UDTs) and Attribute Data Types (ADTs). There are two varieties of UDTs. One is a column of a UDT object type and the other a UDT collection of a UDT object type.

You update nested UDT columns by leveraging the TABLE function. The TABLE function lets you create a result set, and access a UDT object or collection column. You need to combine the TABLE function and a CROSS JOIN to update elements of a UDT collection column.

ADTs are collections of a scalar data types. Oracle’s scalar data types are DATE, NUMBER, CHAR and VARCHAR2 (or, variable length strings). ADTs are unique and from some developer’s perspective difficult to work with.

The first article in this series shows you how to work with a UDT object type column and a UDT collection type. The second article will show you how to work with an ADT collection type.

PL/SQL uses ADT collections all the time. PL/SQL also uses User-Defined Types (UDTs) collections all the time. UDTs can be record or object types, or collections of records and objects. Record types are limited, and only work inside a PL/SQL scope. Object types are less limited and you can use them in a SQL or PL/SQL scope.

Object types come in two flavors. One acts as a typical record structure and has no methods and the other acts like an object type in any object-oriented programming language (OOPL). This article refers only to object types like typical record structures. That means when you read ADTs you should think of a SQL collection of a scalar data type, and when you read UDTs you should think of a SQL collection of an object type without methods.

You can create tables that hold nested tables. Nested tables can use a SQL ADT or UDT data type. Inserting data into nested tables is straightforward when you understand the syntax, but updating nested tables can be complex. The complexity exists because Oracle treats nested tables of ADTs differently than UDTs. My article series will show you how to simplify updating ADT columns.

That’s why it has two parts:

• How you insert and update rows with UDT columns and collection columns
• How you insert and update rows with ADT collection columns

If you’re asking yourself why there isn’t a section for deleting rows, that’s simple. You delete them the same way as you would any other row, using the DELETE statement.

How you insert and update rows with UDT columns and collection columns

This section shows you how to create a table with a UDT column and a UDT collection column. It also shows you how to insert and update the embedded columns.

You insert into any ordinary UDT column by prefacing the data with a constructor name. A constructor name is the same as a UDT name. The following creates an address_type UDT that you will use inside a customer table:

SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE
  2    TYPE address_type IS OBJECT
  3    ( street  VARCHAR2(20)
  4    , city    VARCHAR2(30)
  5    , state   VARCHAR2(2)
  6    , zip     VARCHAR2(5));
  7  /

You should take note that the address_type UDT doesn’t have any methods. All object types without methods have a default constructor. The default constructor follows the same rules as tables in the database.

Create the sample customer table with an address column that uses the address_type UDT as its data type; for instance:

SQL> CREATE TABLE customer
  2  ( customer_id  NUMBER
  3  , first_name   VARCHAR2(20)
  4  , last_name    VARCHAR2(20)
  5  , address      ADDRESS_TYPE
  6  , CONSTRAINT pk_customer PRIMARY KEY (customer_id));

Line 5 defines the address column with the address_type UDT. You insert a row with an embedded address_type data record as follows:

SQL> INSERT
  2  INTO   customer
  3  VALUES
  4  ( customer_s.NEXTVAL
  5  ,'Oliver'
  6  ,'Queen'
  7  , address_type( street => '1 Park Place'
  8                , city   => 'Starling City'
  9                , state  => 'NY'
 10                , zip    => '10001'));

Lines 7 through 10 includes the constructor call to the address_type UDT. The address_type constructor uses named notation rather than positional notation. You should always try to use named notation for object type constructor calls.

Updating an element of a UDT object structure is straightforward, because you simply refer to the column and a member of the UDT object structure. The syntax for that type of UPDATE statement follows:

SQL> UPDATE customer c
  2  SET    c.address.state = 'NJ'
  3  WHERE  c.first_name = 'Oliver'
  4  AND    c.last_name = 'Queen';

The address_type UDT works for an object structure but not for a UDT collection. You need to add a column to differentiate between rows of the nested collection. You can redefine the address_type UDT as follows:

SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE
  2    TYPE address_type IS OBJECT
  3    ( status  VARCHAR2(8)
  4    , street  VARCHAR2(20)
  5    , city    VARCHAR2(30)
  6    , state   VARCHAR2(2)
  7    , zip     VARCHAR2(5));
  8  /

After creating the UDT object type, you need to create an address_table UDT collection of the address_type UDT object type. You use the following syntax to create the SQL collection:

SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE
  2    TYPE address_table IS TABLE OF address_type;
  3  /

Having both the UDT object and collection types, you can drop and create the customer table with the following syntax:

SQL> CREATE TABLE customer
  2  ( customer_id  NUMBER
  3  , first_name   VARCHAR2(20)
  4  , last_name    VARCHAR2(20)
  5  , address      ADDRESS_TABLE
  6  , CONSTRAINT pk_customer PRIMARY KEY (customer_id))
  7  NESTED TABLE address STORE AS address_tab;

Line 5 defines the address column as a UDT collection. Line 7 instructs how to store the UDT collection as a nested table. You designate the address column as the nested table and store it as an address_tab table. You can access the nested table only through its container, which is the customer table.

You can insert rows into the customer table with the following syntax. This example stores a single row with two elements of the address_type in the nested table:

SQL> INSERT
  2  INTO   customer
  3  VALUES
  4  ( customer_s.NEXTVAL
  5  ,'Oliver'
  6  ,'Queen'
  7  , address_table(
  8        address_type( status   => 'Obsolete'
  9                    , street => '1 Park Place'
 10                    , city => 'Starling City'
 11                    , state => 'NY'
 12                    , zip => '10001')
 13      , address_type( status   => 'Current'
 14                    , street => '1 Dockland Street'
 15                    , city => 'Starling City'
  16                    , state => 'NY'
 17                    , zip => '10001')));

Lines 7 through 17 have two constructor calls for the address_type UDT object type inside the address_table UDT collection. After you insert an address_table UDT collection, you can query an element by using the SQL built-in TABLE function and a CROSS JOIN. The TABLE function returns a SQL result set. The CROSS JOIN lets you create cross product that you can filter inside the WHERE clause.

A CROSS JOIN between two tables or a table and result set from a nested table matches every row in the customer table with every row in the nested table. A best practice would include a WHERE clause that filters the nested table to a single row in the result set.

The syntax for such a query is complex, and follows below:

SQL> COL first_name  FORMAT A8  HEADING "First|Name"
SQL> COL last_name   FORMAT A8  HEADING "Last|Name"
SQL> COL street      FORMAT A20 HEADING "Street"
SQL> COL city        FORMAT A14 HEADING "City"
SQL> COL state       FORMAT A5  HEADING "State"
SQL> SELECT c.first_name
  2  ,      c.last_name
  3  ,      a.street
  4  ,      a.city
  5  ,      a.state
  6  FROM   customer c CROSS JOIN TABLE(c.address) a
  7  WHERE  a.status = 'Current';

As mentioned, the TABLE function on line 6 translates the UDT collection into a SQL result set, which acts as a temporary table. The alias a becomes the name of the temporary table. Lines 3, 4, 5, and 7 all reference the temporary table.

The query should return the following for the customer and their current address value:

First    Last
Name     Name     Street               City           State
-------- -------- -------------------- -------------- -----
Oliver   Queen    1 Dockland Street    Starling City  NY

Oracle thought through the fact that you should be able to update UDT collections. The same TABLE function lets you update elements in the nested table. You can update the elements in nested UDT tables provided you create a unique key, such as a natural key or primary key. Oracle’s syntax doesn’t support constraints on nested tables, which means you need to implement it by design and protect by carefully controlling inserts and updates to the nested table.

You can update the state value of the current address with the following UPDATE statement:

SQL> UPDATE TABLE(SELECT c.address
  2               FROM   customer c
  3               WHERE  c.first_name = 'Oliver'
  4               AND    c.last_name = 'Queen') a
  5  SET    a.state = 'NJ'
  6  WHERE  a.status = 'Current';

Line 5 sets the current state value in the address_table UDT nested table. Line 6 filters the nested table to the current address element. You need to ensure that any UDT object type holds a member attribute or set of member attributes that holds a unique value. That’s because you need to ensure that there’s a way to find a unique element within a UDT collection. If you require the table, you should see the change inside the nested table.

Oracle does not provide equivalent syntax for such a change in an ADT collection type. The second article in this series show you how to implement PL/SQL functions to solve that problem.

What to do with a Late 2015 iMac with an i7 Quad CPU running at 3.4 GHz, 32 GB or RAM, a 5K Display and an almost warn out hybrid 1 TB hard disk? You could sell it to Apple for pennies, but why enrich them. I opted to upgrade it with an OWC kit that had a 2 TB SSD Disk. Then, I installed Ubuntu 22.0.4 and built a DaaS (Database as a Service) machine with Oracle Database 23ai in a Docker container, and MySQL 8 and PostgreSQL 14 natively.

I’ve posted on installing MySQL 8 and PostgreSQL 14 on Ubuntu before when I repurposed my late 2014 MacBook Pro. This post covers the installation of Docker and Oracle Database 23ai.

Install Docker

Contrary to the instructions, you should do the following as a sudoer user:

sudo apt install -y docker.io

Install all dependency packages using the following command:

sudo snap install docker

You should see the following:

docker 20.10.24 from Canonical✓ installed

You can verify the Docker install with the following command:

sudo docker --version

It should show something like this:

Docker version 24.0.5, build 24.0.5-0ubuntu1~22.04.1

You can check the pulled containers with the following command but at this point there should be no pulled containers.

sudo docker images

At this point, a docker group already exists but you need to add your user to the docker group with the following command:

sudo usermod -aG docker $USER

Using the Docker Commands:

• To activate the logging, utilize the -f parameter.
• To divide JSON, use Docker by default; to extract individual keys, use JQ.
• In your Container file, there are quite a few areas where commands may be specified.
• Posting to the volumes could be more effective while the picture is being built.
• Docker offers a highly efficient way to create an alias for its own built-in commands. This makes it easier to set up and handle lengthy and enormous orders. These alias values are stored in the directories /.bashrc or and /.bash_aliases.
• Docker offers further assistance to remove unused code fragments from the installation of the container.
• Docker always favors reading statements from the container file that have not changed. Therefore, time savings may be realized by arranging what is shown in the container file in a way that ensures the elements that are susceptible to change are shown towards the end of the document and those that are most likely to undergo change are shown at the top.

Install Oracle Database 23ai Free in a Docker container

Use the following command to pull and install the Oracle Database 23ai container:

sudo docker run --name oracle23ai -p 1521:1521 -p 5500:5500 -e ORACLE_PWD=cangetin container-registry.oracle.com/database/free:latest

After installing the Oracle Database 23ai Free container, you can access it as the root user by default with this syntax:

docker exec -it -u root oracle23ai bash

At the root prompt, you can connect to the system schema with the following command:

sqlplus system/cangetin@FREE

You should see the following:

SQL*Plus: RELEASE 23.0.0.0.0 - Production ON Thu May 9 03:56:57 2024
Version 23.4.0.24.05
 
Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle.  ALL rights reserved.
 
LAST SUCCESSFUL login TIME: Wed Apr 24 2024 21:23:00 +00:00
 
Connected TO:
Oracle DATABASE 23ai Free RELEASE 23.0.0.0.0 - Develop, Learn, AND Run FOR Free
Version 23.4.0.24.05
 
SQL>

Create a c##student as a sandbox user:

After you create and provision the Oracle Database 21ai Free, you can create a c##student sand-boxed user with the following two step process.

1. Create a c##student Oracle user account with the following command as the system user:

   CREATE USER c##student IDENTIFIED BY student DEFAULT TABLESPACE users QUOTA 200M ON users TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp;

   CREATE USER c##student IDENTIFIED BY student DEFAULT TABLESPACE users QUOTA 200M ON users TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp;

2. Grant necessary privileges to the newly created c##student user:

   GRANT CREATE CLUSTER, CREATE INDEXTYPE, CREATE OPERATOR , CREATE PROCEDURE, CREATE SEQUENCE, CREATE SESSION , CREATE TABLE, CREATE TRIGGER, CREATE TYPE , CREATE VIEW TO c##student;

   GRANT CREATE cluster, CREATE indextype, CREATE operator , CREATE PROCEDURE, CREATE SEQUENCE, CREATE SESSION , CREATE TABLE, CREATE TRIGGER, CREATE TYPE , CREATE VIEW TO c##student;

3. Connect to the sandboxed user with the following syntax (by the way it’s a pluggable user account as qualified in Oracle Database 12c forward):

   SQL> CONNECT c##student/student@FREE

   SQL> CONNECT c##student/student@FREE

   or, disconnect and reconnect with this syntax:

   sqlplus system/cangetin@FREE

   sqlplus system/cangetin@FREE

Set Docker Oracle 23ai to start always

Assuming that your container name was oracle23ai, as qualified above, you can run the following command to automatically restart the Docker container:

docker update --restart=always `docker ps -aqf "name=oracle23ai"`

The docker command inside the backquotes uses the Docker instance’s name to return the Docker container_id value, which can also be seen when you run the following command:

docker ps

which returns:

CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                                                COMMAND                  CREATED       STATUS                    PORTS                                                                                  NAMES
b211f494e692   container-registry.oracle.com/database/free:latest   "/bin/bash -c $ORACL…"   13 days ago   Up 18 minutes (healthy)   0.0.0.0:1521->1521/tcp, :::1521->1521/tcp, 0.0.0.0:5500->5500/tcp, :::5500->5500/tcp   oracle23ai

The Docker container_id value is required when you perform a Docker update operation.

Configuring your Docker Oracle 23ai environment

Unless you like memorizing the Docker command-line, you may automate connecting as the root user or add a sand boxed user. The root user typically has more power than you need to perform ordinary development and use-case testing tasks.

A sand boxed user has narrow access, can’t start and stop the database instance or perform Oracle Datasbase 23ai administration. In this segment, you’ll learn how to create a couple local Bash functions to simplify your use of the Oracle Database 23ai container; and how to extend the configuration of Oracle’s Docker container:

• Adding a student user to the Docker container and configuring it to access the Oracle Database 23ai locally from within the Docker container using a direct sqlplus connection.
• Configuring the Docker container to support external files and leverage a shared directory with your base operating system.

Automating Docker instance connections:

The following shows you how to add a local Bash function to automate access to the Docker container from the Linux command-line. You put the following Bash function in your base Linux operating system’s user .bashrc file:

1. Create the following Bash function:

   # User defined function to launch Oracle 23 ai container # as the root user. admin () { # Discover the fully qualified program name. path=`which docker 2>/dev/null` file=''   # Parse the program name from the path. if [ -n ${path} ]; then file=${path##/*/} fi   # Wrap when there is a file and it is rewrap. if [ -n ${file} ] && [[ ${file} = "docker" ]]; then python -c "import subprocess; subprocess.run(['docker exec -it --user root oracle23ai bash'], shell=True)" else echo "Docker is unavailable: Install the docker package." fi }

   # User defined function to launch Oracle 23 ai container # as the root user. admin () { # Discover the fully qualified program name. path=`which docker 2>/dev/null` file='' # Parse the program name from the path. if [ -n ${path} ]; then file=${path##/*/} fi # Wrap when there is a file and it is rewrap. if [ -n ${file} ] && [[ ${file} = "docker" ]]; then python -c "import subprocess; subprocess.run(['docker exec -it --user root oracle23ai bash'], shell=True)" else echo "Docker is unavailable: Install the docker package." fi }

2. After you source the .bashrc file or simply reconnect as to the terminal as your user, which resources the .bashrc file, you can access the oracle23ai Docker instance with this command:

   admin

   admin

   It will display a new prompt with the root user and the Docker container_id value, like:

   [root@b211f494e692 oracle]#

   [root@b211f494e692 oracle]#

   You can exit the Docker container by typing exit at the Linux command line. If you curious what version of Linux you’re using inside the Docker instance, you can’t use the uname command because it returns the hosting Linux distribution (distro). You must use the following when inside the Docker instance:

   cat /etc/os-release

   cat /etc/os-release

   or, outside the Docker instance you can use the following docker command:

   docker exec oracle23ai cat /etc/os-release

   docker exec oracle23ai cat /etc/os-release

   Either way, for an Oracle Database 23ai container, it should return:

   NAME="Oracle Linux Server" VERSION="8.9" ID="ol" ID_LIKE="fedora" VARIANT="Server" VARIANT_ID="server" VERSION_ID="8.9" PLATFORM_ID="platform:el8" PRETTY_NAME="Oracle Linux Server 8.9" ANSI_COLOR="0;31" CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:oracle:linux:8:9:server" HOME_URL="https://linux.oracle.com/" BUG_REPORT_URL="https://github.com/oracle/oracle-linux"   ORACLE_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT="Oracle Linux 8" ORACLE_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT_VERSION=8.9 ORACLE_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="Oracle Linux" ORACLE_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION=8.9

   NAME="Oracle Linux Server" VERSION="8.9" ID="ol" ID_LIKE="fedora" VARIANT="Server" VARIANT_ID="server" VERSION_ID="8.9" PLATFORM_ID="platform:el8" PRETTY_NAME="Oracle Linux Server 8.9" ANSI_COLOR="0;31" CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:oracle:linux:8:9:server" HOME_URL="https://linux.oracle.com/" BUG_REPORT_URL="https://github.com/oracle/oracle-linux" ORACLE_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT="Oracle Linux 8" ORACLE_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT_VERSION=8.9 ORACLE_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="Oracle Linux" ORACLE_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION=8.9

   Unfortunately, Oracle has appeared to block updates to the Oracle Unbreakable Linux 8 instance inside the container, which makes native SQL*Plus use more difficult. That’s because you’ll need to install the Oracle SQL*Plus client in the hosting Operating System.

   I’ve written a separate blog post that instructs you on how to install and use Oracle SQL*Plus client on Ubuntu.

Install SQL Developer in the base Linux operating system

The first steps are installing the Java Runtime Environment and Java Development Kit, and then downloading, installing and configuring SQL Developer. These are the required steps:

1. Install the Java Runtime Environment:

   sudo apt install default-jre

   sudo apt install default-jre

   The log file for this is:

   Display detailed console log →

   Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: ca-certificates-java default-jre-headless fonts-dejavu-extra java-common libatk-wrapper-java libatk-wrapper-java-jni openjdk-11-jre openjdk-11-jre-headless Suggested packages: fonts-ipafont-gothic fonts-ipafont-mincho fonts-wqy-microhei | fonts-wqy-zenhei The following NEW packages will be installed: ca-certificates-java default-jre default-jre-headless fonts-dejavu-extra java-common libatk-wrapper-java libatk-wrapper-java-jni openjdk-11-jre openjdk-11-jre-headless 0 upgraded, 9 newly installed, 0 to remove and 4 not upgraded. Need to get 44.9 MB of archives. After this operation, 185 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 java-common all 0.72build2 [6,782 B] Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 openjdk-11-jre-headless amd64 11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04 [42.5 MB] Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 default-jre-headless amd64 2:1.11-72build2 [3,042 B] Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 ca-certificates-java all 20190909ubuntu1.2 [12.1 kB] Get:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 openjdk-11-jre amd64 11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04 [214 kB] Get:6 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 default-jre amd64 2:1.11-72build2 [896 B] Get:7 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 fonts-dejavu-extra all 2.37-2build1 [2,041 kB] Get:8 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libatk-wrapper-java all 0.38.0-5build1 [53.1 kB] Get:9 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libatk-wrapper-java-jni amd64 0.38.0-5build1 [49.0 kB] Fetched 44.9 MB in 14s (3,270 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package java-common. 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Setting up openjdk-11-jre-headless:amd64 (11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04) ... update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/java to provid e /usr/bin/java (java) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jjs to provide /usr/bin/jjs (jjs) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/keytool to pro vide /usr/bin/keytool (keytool) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/rmid to provid e /usr/bin/rmid (rmid) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/rmiregistry to provide /usr/bin/rmiregistry (rmiregistry) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/pack200 to pro vide /usr/bin/pack200 (pack200) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/unpack200 to p rovide /usr/bin/unpack200 (unpack200) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/lib/jexec to provi de /usr/bin/jexec (jexec) in auto mode Setting up openjdk-11-jre:amd64 (11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04) ... Setting up default-jre (2:1.11-72build2) ... Setting up ca-certificates-java (20190909ubuntu1.2) ... head: cannot open '/etc/ssl/certs/java/cacerts' for reading: No such file or dir ectory Adding debian:QuoVadis_Root_CA_1_G3.pem Adding debian:GlobalSign_Root_E46.pem Adding debian:T-TeleSec_GlobalRoot_Class_3.pem Adding debian:Certum_Trusted_Network_CA.pem Adding debian:Buypass_Class_2_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:NetLock_Arany_=Class_Gold=_Főtanúsítvány.pem Adding debian:e-Szigno_Root_CA_2017.pem Adding debian:emSign_Root_CA_-_G1.pem Adding debian:D-TRUST_BR_Root_CA_1_2020.pem Adding debian:Hongkong_Post_Root_CA_3.pem Adding debian:GlobalSign_ECC_Root_CA_-_R4.pem Adding debian:NAVER_Global_Root_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:UCA_Extended_Validation_Root.pem Adding debian:AffirmTrust_Premium.pem Adding debian:Entrust_Root_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:DigiCert_Trusted_Root_G4.pem Adding debian:CFCA_EV_ROOT.pem Adding debian:ePKI_Root_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:Hellenic_Academic_and_Research_Institutions_ECC_RootCA_2015.pem Adding debian:HARICA_TLS_RSA_Root_CA_2021.pem Adding debian:GlobalSign_Root_CA_-_R6.pem Adding debian:TWCA_Global_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:Trustwave_Global_ECC_P384_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:ISRG_Root_X1.pem Adding debian:Starfield_Services_Root_Certificate_Authority_-_G2.pem Adding debian:QuoVadis_Root_CA_3.pem Adding debian:Security_Communication_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:DigiCert_TLS_RSA4096_Root_G5.pem Adding debian:Entrust_Root_Certification_Authority_-_EC1.pem Adding debian:Security_Communication_RootCA3.pem Adding debian:TeliaSonera_Root_CA_v1.pem Adding debian:vTrus_ECC_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:AC_RAIZ_FNMT-RCM_SERVIDORES_SEGUROS.pem Adding debian:Certum_EC-384_CA.pem Adding debian:Microsec_e-Szigno_Root_CA_2009.pem Adding debian:ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem Adding debian:USERTrust_ECC_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:CA_Disig_Root_R2.pem Adding debian:Certum_Trusted_Network_CA_2.pem Adding debian:ACCVRAIZ1.pem Adding debian:TunTrust_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:Buypass_Class_3_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:D-TRUST_Root_Class_3_CA_2_2009.pem Adding debian:Security_Communication_ECC_RootCA1.pem Adding debian:GTS_Root_R2.pem Adding debian:Certigna.pem Adding debian:SSL.com_EV_Root_Certification_Authority_RSA_R2.pem Adding debian:Entrust.net_Premium_2048_Secure_Server_CA.pem Adding debian:E-Tugra_Global_Root_CA_ECC_v3.pem Adding debian:Hongkong_Post_Root_CA_1.pem Adding debian:SZAFIR_ROOT_CA2.pem Adding debian:TUBITAK_Kamu_SM_SSL_Kok_Sertifikasi_-_Surum_1.pem Adding debian:Atos_TrustedRoot_2011.pem Adding debian:DigiCert_High_Assurance_EV_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:emSign_Root_CA_-_C1.pem Adding debian:Go_Daddy_Root_Certificate_Authority_-_G2.pem Adding debian:GDCA_TrustAUTH_R5_ROOT.pem Adding debian:GlobalSign_Root_CA_-_R3.pem Adding debian:DigiCert_Assured_ID_Root_G3.pem Adding debian:Autoridad_de_Certificacion_Firmaprofesional_CIF_A62634068_2.pem Adding debian:Certainly_Root_R1.pem Adding debian:vTrus_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:Certainly_Root_E1.pem Adding debian:Autoridad_de_Certificacion_Firmaprofesional_CIF_A62634068.pem Adding debian:TWCA_Root_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:Starfield_Root_Certificate_Authority_-_G2.pem Adding debian:Amazon_Root_CA_3.pem Adding debian:GTS_Root_R1.pem Adding debian:SwissSign_Gold_CA_-_G2.pem Adding debian:Certum_Trusted_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:Hellenic_Academic_and_Research_Institutions_RootCA_2015.pem Adding debian:AffirmTrust_Networking.pem Adding debian:emSign_ECC_Root_CA_-_G3.pem Adding debian:HARICA_TLS_ECC_Root_CA_2021.pem Adding debian:certSIGN_ROOT_CA.pem Adding debian:Actalis_Authentication_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:SSL.com_Root_Certification_Authority_RSA.pem Adding debian:Certigna_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:XRamp_Global_CA_Root.pem Adding debian:Baltimore_CyberTrust_Root.pem Adding debian:Trustwave_Global_ECC_P256_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:QuoVadis_Root_CA_2_G3.pem Adding debian:GTS_Root_R3.pem Adding debian:COMODO_RSA_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:ISRG_Root_X2.pem Adding debian:SwissSign_Silver_CA_-_G2.pem Adding debian:IdenTrust_Public_Sector_Root_CA_1.pem Adding debian:Microsoft_ECC_Root_Certificate_Authority_2017.pem Adding debian:UCA_Global_G2_Root.pem Adding debian:DigiCert_Assured_ID_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:Entrust_Root_Certification_Authority_-_G2.pem Adding debian:QuoVadis_Root_CA_2.pem Adding debian:Trustwave_Global_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:OISTE_WISeKey_Global_Root_GB_CA.pem Adding debian:HiPKI_Root_CA_-_G1.pem Adding debian:E-Tugra_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:GTS_Root_R4.pem Adding debian:Amazon_Root_CA_2.pem Adding debian:Amazon_Root_CA_1.pem Adding debian:SecureTrust_CA.pem Adding debian:GlobalSign_Root_R46.pem Adding debian:IdenTrust_Commercial_Root_CA_1.pem Adding debian:DigiCert_Global_Root_G2.pem Adding debian:Comodo_AAA_Services_root.pem Adding debian:SSL.com_Root_Certification_Authority_ECC.pem Adding debian:T-TeleSec_GlobalRoot_Class_2.pem Adding debian:Starfield_Class_2_CA.pem Adding debian:DigiCert_Global_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:SecureSign_RootCA11.pem Adding debian:certSIGN_Root_CA_G2.pem Adding debian:DigiCert_TLS_ECC_P384_Root_G5.pem Adding debian:Entrust_Root_Certification_Authority_-_G4.pem Adding debian:OISTE_WISeKey_Global_Root_GC_CA.pem Adding debian:DigiCert_Global_Root_G3.pem Adding debian:Secure_Global_CA.pem Adding debian:Microsoft_RSA_Root_Certificate_Authority_2017.pem Adding debian:DigiCert_Assured_ID_Root_G2.pem Adding debian:Telia_Root_CA_v2.pem Adding debian:emSign_ECC_Root_CA_-_C3.pem Adding debian:COMODO_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:AffirmTrust_Premium_ECC.pem Adding debian:GLOBALTRUST_2020.pem Adding debian:E-Tugra_Global_Root_CA_RSA_v3.pem Adding debian:Amazon_Root_CA_4.pem Adding debian:COMODO_ECC_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:AffirmTrust_Commercial.pem Adding debian:SSL.com_EV_Root_Certification_Authority_ECC.pem Adding debian:AC_RAIZ_FNMT-RCM.pem Adding debian:Go_Daddy_Class_2_CA.pem Adding debian:QuoVadis_Root_CA_3_G3.pem Adding debian:D-TRUST_EV_Root_CA_1_2020.pem Adding debian:GlobalSign_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:GlobalSign_ECC_Root_CA_-_R5.pem Adding debian:USERTrust_RSA_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:D-TRUST_Root_Class_3_CA_2_EV_2009.pem Adding debian:Izenpe.com.pem Adding debian:ANF_Secure_Server_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:Security_Communication_RootCA2.pem done. Processing triggers for mailcap (3.70+nmu1ubuntu1) ... Processing triggers for fontconfig (2.13.1-4.2ubuntu5) ... Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.26-1ubuntu3) ... Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.17-2) ... Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.36.0-1ubuntu3) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ... Processing triggers for ca-certificates (20230311ubuntu0.22.04.1) ... Updating certificates in /etc/ssl/certs... 0 added, 0 removed; done. Running hooks in /etc/ca-certificates/update.d...   done. done.

   Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: ca-certificates-java default-jre-headless fonts-dejavu-extra java-common libatk-wrapper-java libatk-wrapper-java-jni openjdk-11-jre openjdk-11-jre-headless Suggested packages: fonts-ipafont-gothic fonts-ipafont-mincho fonts-wqy-microhei | fonts-wqy-zenhei The following NEW packages will be installed: ca-certificates-java default-jre default-jre-headless fonts-dejavu-extra java-common libatk-wrapper-java libatk-wrapper-java-jni openjdk-11-jre openjdk-11-jre-headless 0 upgraded, 9 newly installed, 0 to remove and 4 not upgraded. Need to get 44.9 MB of archives. After this operation, 185 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 java-common all 0.72build2 [6,782 B] Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 openjdk-11-jre-headless amd64 11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04 [42.5 MB] Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 default-jre-headless amd64 2:1.11-72build2 [3,042 B] Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 ca-certificates-java all 20190909ubuntu1.2 [12.1 kB] Get:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 openjdk-11-jre amd64 11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04 [214 kB] Get:6 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 default-jre amd64 2:1.11-72build2 [896 B] Get:7 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 fonts-dejavu-extra all 2.37-2build1 [2,041 kB] Get:8 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libatk-wrapper-java all 0.38.0-5build1 [53.1 kB] Get:9 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libatk-wrapper-java-jni amd64 0.38.0-5build1 [49.0 kB] Fetched 44.9 MB in 14s (3,270 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package java-common. (Reading database ... 203118 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../0-java-common_0.72build2_all.deb ... Unpacking java-common (0.72build2) ... Selecting previously unselected package openjdk-11-jre-headless:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../1-openjdk-11-jre-headless_11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04_amd64 .deb ... Unpacking openjdk-11-jre-headless:amd64 (11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04) ... Selecting previously unselected package default-jre-headless. Preparing to unpack .../2-default-jre-headless_2%3a1.11-72build2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking default-jre-headless (2:1.11-72build2) ... Selecting previously unselected package ca-certificates-java. Preparing to unpack .../3-ca-certificates-java_20190909ubuntu1.2_all.deb ... Unpacking ca-certificates-java (20190909ubuntu1.2) ... Selecting previously unselected package openjdk-11-jre:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../4-openjdk-11-jre_11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04_amd64.deb ... Unpacking openjdk-11-jre:amd64 (11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04) ... Selecting previously unselected package default-jre. Preparing to unpack .../5-default-jre_2%3a1.11-72build2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking default-jre (2:1.11-72build2) ... Selecting previously unselected package fonts-dejavu-extra. Preparing to unpack .../6-fonts-dejavu-extra_2.37-2build1_all.deb ... Unpacking fonts-dejavu-extra (2.37-2build1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libatk-wrapper-java. Preparing to unpack .../7-libatk-wrapper-java_0.38.0-5build1_all.deb ... Unpacking libatk-wrapper-java (0.38.0-5build1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libatk-wrapper-java-jni:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../8-libatk-wrapper-java-jni_0.38.0-5build1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libatk-wrapper-java-jni:amd64 (0.38.0-5build1) ... Setting up java-common (0.72build2) ... Setting up fonts-dejavu-extra (2.37-2build1) ... Setting up libatk-wrapper-java (0.38.0-5build1) ... Setting up libatk-wrapper-java-jni:amd64 (0.38.0-5build1) ... Setting up default-jre-headless (2:1.11-72build2) ... Setting up openjdk-11-jre-headless:amd64 (11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04) ... update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/java to provid e /usr/bin/java (java) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jjs to provide /usr/bin/jjs (jjs) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/keytool to pro vide /usr/bin/keytool (keytool) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/rmid to provid e /usr/bin/rmid (rmid) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/rmiregistry to provide /usr/bin/rmiregistry (rmiregistry) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/pack200 to pro vide /usr/bin/pack200 (pack200) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/unpack200 to p rovide /usr/bin/unpack200 (unpack200) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/lib/jexec to provi de /usr/bin/jexec (jexec) in auto mode Setting up openjdk-11-jre:amd64 (11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04) ... Setting up default-jre (2:1.11-72build2) ... Setting up ca-certificates-java (20190909ubuntu1.2) ... head: cannot open '/etc/ssl/certs/java/cacerts' for reading: No such file or dir ectory Adding debian:QuoVadis_Root_CA_1_G3.pem Adding debian:GlobalSign_Root_E46.pem Adding debian:T-TeleSec_GlobalRoot_Class_3.pem Adding debian:Certum_Trusted_Network_CA.pem Adding debian:Buypass_Class_2_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:NetLock_Arany_=Class_Gold=_Főtanúsítvány.pem Adding debian:e-Szigno_Root_CA_2017.pem Adding debian:emSign_Root_CA_-_G1.pem Adding debian:D-TRUST_BR_Root_CA_1_2020.pem Adding debian:Hongkong_Post_Root_CA_3.pem Adding debian:GlobalSign_ECC_Root_CA_-_R4.pem Adding debian:NAVER_Global_Root_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:UCA_Extended_Validation_Root.pem Adding debian:AffirmTrust_Premium.pem Adding debian:Entrust_Root_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:DigiCert_Trusted_Root_G4.pem Adding debian:CFCA_EV_ROOT.pem Adding debian:ePKI_Root_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:Hellenic_Academic_and_Research_Institutions_ECC_RootCA_2015.pem Adding debian:HARICA_TLS_RSA_Root_CA_2021.pem Adding debian:GlobalSign_Root_CA_-_R6.pem Adding debian:TWCA_Global_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:Trustwave_Global_ECC_P384_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:ISRG_Root_X1.pem Adding debian:Starfield_Services_Root_Certificate_Authority_-_G2.pem Adding debian:QuoVadis_Root_CA_3.pem Adding debian:Security_Communication_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:DigiCert_TLS_RSA4096_Root_G5.pem Adding debian:Entrust_Root_Certification_Authority_-_EC1.pem Adding debian:Security_Communication_RootCA3.pem Adding debian:TeliaSonera_Root_CA_v1.pem Adding debian:vTrus_ECC_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:AC_RAIZ_FNMT-RCM_SERVIDORES_SEGUROS.pem Adding debian:Certum_EC-384_CA.pem Adding debian:Microsec_e-Szigno_Root_CA_2009.pem Adding debian:ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem Adding debian:USERTrust_ECC_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:CA_Disig_Root_R2.pem Adding debian:Certum_Trusted_Network_CA_2.pem Adding debian:ACCVRAIZ1.pem Adding debian:TunTrust_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:Buypass_Class_3_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:D-TRUST_Root_Class_3_CA_2_2009.pem Adding debian:Security_Communication_ECC_RootCA1.pem Adding debian:GTS_Root_R2.pem Adding debian:Certigna.pem Adding debian:SSL.com_EV_Root_Certification_Authority_RSA_R2.pem Adding debian:Entrust.net_Premium_2048_Secure_Server_CA.pem Adding debian:E-Tugra_Global_Root_CA_ECC_v3.pem Adding debian:Hongkong_Post_Root_CA_1.pem Adding debian:SZAFIR_ROOT_CA2.pem Adding debian:TUBITAK_Kamu_SM_SSL_Kok_Sertifikasi_-_Surum_1.pem Adding debian:Atos_TrustedRoot_2011.pem Adding debian:DigiCert_High_Assurance_EV_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:emSign_Root_CA_-_C1.pem Adding debian:Go_Daddy_Root_Certificate_Authority_-_G2.pem Adding debian:GDCA_TrustAUTH_R5_ROOT.pem Adding debian:GlobalSign_Root_CA_-_R3.pem Adding debian:DigiCert_Assured_ID_Root_G3.pem Adding debian:Autoridad_de_Certificacion_Firmaprofesional_CIF_A62634068_2.pem Adding debian:Certainly_Root_R1.pem Adding debian:vTrus_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:Certainly_Root_E1.pem Adding debian:Autoridad_de_Certificacion_Firmaprofesional_CIF_A62634068.pem Adding debian:TWCA_Root_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:Starfield_Root_Certificate_Authority_-_G2.pem Adding debian:Amazon_Root_CA_3.pem Adding debian:GTS_Root_R1.pem Adding debian:SwissSign_Gold_CA_-_G2.pem Adding debian:Certum_Trusted_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:Hellenic_Academic_and_Research_Institutions_RootCA_2015.pem Adding debian:AffirmTrust_Networking.pem Adding debian:emSign_ECC_Root_CA_-_G3.pem Adding debian:HARICA_TLS_ECC_Root_CA_2021.pem Adding debian:certSIGN_ROOT_CA.pem Adding debian:Actalis_Authentication_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:SSL.com_Root_Certification_Authority_RSA.pem Adding debian:Certigna_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:XRamp_Global_CA_Root.pem Adding debian:Baltimore_CyberTrust_Root.pem Adding debian:Trustwave_Global_ECC_P256_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:QuoVadis_Root_CA_2_G3.pem Adding debian:GTS_Root_R3.pem Adding debian:COMODO_RSA_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:ISRG_Root_X2.pem Adding debian:SwissSign_Silver_CA_-_G2.pem Adding debian:IdenTrust_Public_Sector_Root_CA_1.pem Adding debian:Microsoft_ECC_Root_Certificate_Authority_2017.pem Adding debian:UCA_Global_G2_Root.pem Adding debian:DigiCert_Assured_ID_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:Entrust_Root_Certification_Authority_-_G2.pem Adding debian:QuoVadis_Root_CA_2.pem Adding debian:Trustwave_Global_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:OISTE_WISeKey_Global_Root_GB_CA.pem Adding debian:HiPKI_Root_CA_-_G1.pem Adding debian:E-Tugra_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:GTS_Root_R4.pem Adding debian:Amazon_Root_CA_2.pem Adding debian:Amazon_Root_CA_1.pem Adding debian:SecureTrust_CA.pem Adding debian:GlobalSign_Root_R46.pem Adding debian:IdenTrust_Commercial_Root_CA_1.pem Adding debian:DigiCert_Global_Root_G2.pem Adding debian:Comodo_AAA_Services_root.pem Adding debian:SSL.com_Root_Certification_Authority_ECC.pem Adding debian:T-TeleSec_GlobalRoot_Class_2.pem Adding debian:Starfield_Class_2_CA.pem Adding debian:DigiCert_Global_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:SecureSign_RootCA11.pem Adding debian:certSIGN_Root_CA_G2.pem Adding debian:DigiCert_TLS_ECC_P384_Root_G5.pem Adding debian:Entrust_Root_Certification_Authority_-_G4.pem Adding debian:OISTE_WISeKey_Global_Root_GC_CA.pem Adding debian:DigiCert_Global_Root_G3.pem Adding debian:Secure_Global_CA.pem Adding debian:Microsoft_RSA_Root_Certificate_Authority_2017.pem Adding debian:DigiCert_Assured_ID_Root_G2.pem Adding debian:Telia_Root_CA_v2.pem Adding debian:emSign_ECC_Root_CA_-_C3.pem Adding debian:COMODO_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:AffirmTrust_Premium_ECC.pem Adding debian:GLOBALTRUST_2020.pem Adding debian:E-Tugra_Global_Root_CA_RSA_v3.pem Adding debian:Amazon_Root_CA_4.pem Adding debian:COMODO_ECC_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:AffirmTrust_Commercial.pem Adding debian:SSL.com_EV_Root_Certification_Authority_ECC.pem Adding debian:AC_RAIZ_FNMT-RCM.pem Adding debian:Go_Daddy_Class_2_CA.pem Adding debian:QuoVadis_Root_CA_3_G3.pem Adding debian:D-TRUST_EV_Root_CA_1_2020.pem Adding debian:GlobalSign_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:GlobalSign_ECC_Root_CA_-_R5.pem Adding debian:USERTrust_RSA_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:D-TRUST_Root_Class_3_CA_2_EV_2009.pem Adding debian:Izenpe.com.pem Adding debian:ANF_Secure_Server_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:Security_Communication_RootCA2.pem done. Processing triggers for mailcap (3.70+nmu1ubuntu1) ... Processing triggers for fontconfig (2.13.1-4.2ubuntu5) ... Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.26-1ubuntu3) ... Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.17-2) ... Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.36.0-1ubuntu3) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ... Processing triggers for ca-certificates (20230311ubuntu0.22.04.1) ... Updating certificates in /etc/ssl/certs... 0 added, 0 removed; done. Running hooks in /etc/ca-certificates/update.d... done. done.

2. Install the Java Runtime Environment:

   sudo apt install -y default-idk

   sudo apt install -y default-idk

   The log file for this is:

   Display detailed console log →

   Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: default-jdk-headless libice-dev libpthread-stubs0-dev libsm-dev libx11-dev libxau-dev libxcb1-dev libxdmcp-dev libxt-dev openjdk-11-jdk openjdk-11-jdk-headless x11proto-dev xorg-sgml-doctools xtrans-dev Suggested packages: libice-doc libsm-doc libx11-doc libxcb-doc libxt-doc openjdk-11-demo openjdk-11-source visualvm The following NEW packages will be installed: default-jdk default-jdk-headless libice-dev libpthread-stubs0-dev libsm-dev libx11-dev libxau-dev libxcb1-dev libxdmcp-dev libxt-dev openjdk-11-jdk openjdk-11-jdk-headless x11proto-dev xorg-sgml-doctools xtrans-dev 0 upgraded, 15 newly installed, 0 to remove and 4 not upgraded. Need to get 76.9 MB of archives. After this operation, 90.6 MB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 openjdk-11-jdk-headless amd64 11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04 [73.5 MB] Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 default-jdk-headless amd64 2:1.11-72build2 [942 B] Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 openjdk-11-jdk amd64 11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04 [1,327 kB] Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 default-jdk amd64 2:1.11-72build2 [908 B] Get:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 xorg-sgml-doctools all 1:1.11-1.1 [10.9 kB] Get:6 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 x11proto-dev all 2021.5-1 [604 kB] Get:7 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libice-dev amd64 2:1.0.10-1build2 [51.4 kB] Get:8 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libpthread-stubs0-dev amd64 0.4-1build2 [5,516 B] Get:9 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libsm-dev amd64 2:1.2.3-1build2 [18.1 kB] Get:10 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libxau-dev amd64 1:1.0.9-1build5 [9,724 B] Get:11 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libxdmcp-dev amd64 1:1.1.3-0ubuntu5 [26.5 kB] Get:12 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 xtrans-dev all 1.4.0-1 [68.9 kB] Get:13 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libxcb1-dev amd64 1.14-3ubuntu3 [86.5 kB] Get:14 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libx11-dev amd64 2:1.7.5-1ubuntu0.3 [744 kB] Get:15 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libxt-dev amd64 1:1.2.1-1 [396 kB] Fetched 76.9 MB in 6s (12.7 MB/s) Selecting previously unselected package openjdk-11-jdk-headless:amd64. (Reading database ... 203527 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../00-openjdk-11-jdk-headless_11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04_amd6 4.deb ... Unpacking openjdk-11-jdk-headless:amd64 (11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04) ... Selecting previously unselected package default-jdk-headless. Preparing to unpack .../01-default-jdk-headless_2%3a1.11-72build2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking default-jdk-headless (2:1.11-72build2) ... Selecting previously unselected package openjdk-11-jdk:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../02-openjdk-11-jdk_11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04_amd64.deb ... Unpacking openjdk-11-jdk:amd64 (11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04) ... Selecting previously unselected package default-jdk. Preparing to unpack .../03-default-jdk_2%3a1.11-72build2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking default-jdk (2:1.11-72build2) ... Selecting previously unselected package xorg-sgml-doctools. Preparing to unpack .../04-xorg-sgml-doctools_1%3a1.11-1.1_all.deb ... Unpacking xorg-sgml-doctools (1:1.11-1.1) ... Selecting previously unselected package x11proto-dev. Preparing to unpack .../05-x11proto-dev_2021.5-1_all.deb ... Unpacking x11proto-dev (2021.5-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libice-dev:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../06-libice-dev_2%3a1.0.10-1build2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libice-dev:amd64 (2:1.0.10-1build2) ... Selecting previously unselected package libpthread-stubs0-dev:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../07-libpthread-stubs0-dev_0.4-1build2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libpthread-stubs0-dev:amd64 (0.4-1build2) ... Selecting previously unselected package libsm-dev:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../08-libsm-dev_2%3a1.2.3-1build2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libsm-dev:amd64 (2:1.2.3-1build2) ... Selecting previously unselected package libxau-dev:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../09-libxau-dev_1%3a1.0.9-1build5_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libxau-dev:amd64 (1:1.0.9-1build5) ... Selecting previously unselected package libxdmcp-dev:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../10-libxdmcp-dev_1%3a1.1.3-0ubuntu5_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libxdmcp-dev:amd64 (1:1.1.3-0ubuntu5) ... Selecting previously unselected package xtrans-dev. Preparing to unpack .../11-xtrans-dev_1.4.0-1_all.deb ... Unpacking xtrans-dev (1.4.0-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libxcb1-dev:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../12-libxcb1-dev_1.14-3ubuntu3_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libxcb1-dev:amd64 (1.14-3ubuntu3) ... Selecting previously unselected package libx11-dev:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../13-libx11-dev_2%3a1.7.5-1ubuntu0.3_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libx11-dev:amd64 (2:1.7.5-1ubuntu0.3) ... Selecting previously unselected package libxt-dev:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../14-libxt-dev_1%3a1.2.1-1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libxt-dev:amd64 (1:1.2.1-1) ... Setting up openjdk-11-jdk-headless:amd64 (11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04) ... update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jar to provide /usr/bin/jar (jar) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jarsigner to p rovide /usr/bin/jarsigner (jarsigner) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/javac to provi de /usr/bin/javac (javac) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/javadoc to pro vide /usr/bin/javadoc (javadoc) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/javap to provi de /usr/bin/javap (javap) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jcmd to provid e /usr/bin/jcmd (jcmd) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jdb to provide /usr/bin/jdb (jdb) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jdeprscan to p rovide /usr/bin/jdeprscan (jdeprscan) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jdeps to provi de /usr/bin/jdeps (jdeps) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jfr to provide /usr/bin/jfr (jfr) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jimage to prov ide /usr/bin/jimage (jimage) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jinfo to provi de /usr/bin/jinfo (jinfo) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jlink to provi de /usr/bin/jlink (jlink) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jmap to provid e /usr/bin/jmap (jmap) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jmod to provid e /usr/bin/jmod (jmod) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jps to provide /usr/bin/jps (jps) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jrunscript to provide /usr/bin/jrunscript (jrunscript) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jshell to prov ide /usr/bin/jshell (jshell) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jstack to prov ide /usr/bin/jstack (jstack) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jstat to provi de /usr/bin/jstat (jstat) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jstatd to prov ide /usr/bin/jstatd (jstatd) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/rmic to provid e /usr/bin/rmic (rmic) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/serialver to p rovide /usr/bin/serialver (serialver) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jaotc to provi de /usr/bin/jaotc (jaotc) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jhsdb to provi de /usr/bin/jhsdb (jhsdb) in auto mode Setting up libpthread-stubs0-dev:amd64 (0.4-1build2) ... Setting up xtrans-dev (1.4.0-1) ... Setting up default-jdk-headless (2:1.11-72build2) ... Setting up openjdk-11-jdk:amd64 (11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04) ... update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jconsole to pr ovide /usr/bin/jconsole (jconsole) in auto mode Setting up xorg-sgml-doctools (1:1.11-1.1) ... Setting up default-jdk (2:1.11-72build2) ... Processing triggers for sgml-base (1.30) ... Setting up x11proto-dev (2021.5-1) ... Setting up libxau-dev:amd64 (1:1.0.9-1build5) ... Setting up libice-dev:amd64 (2:1.0.10-1build2) ... Setting up libsm-dev:amd64 (2:1.2.3-1build2) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ... Setting up libxdmcp-dev:amd64 (1:1.1.3-0ubuntu5) ... Setting up libxcb1-dev:amd64 (1.14-3ubuntu3) ... Setting up libx11-dev:amd64 (2:1.7.5-1ubuntu0.3) ... Setting up libxt-dev:amd64 (1:1.2.1-1) ...

   Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: default-jdk-headless libice-dev libpthread-stubs0-dev libsm-dev libx11-dev libxau-dev libxcb1-dev libxdmcp-dev libxt-dev openjdk-11-jdk openjdk-11-jdk-headless x11proto-dev xorg-sgml-doctools xtrans-dev Suggested packages: libice-doc libsm-doc libx11-doc libxcb-doc libxt-doc openjdk-11-demo openjdk-11-source visualvm The following NEW packages will be installed: default-jdk default-jdk-headless libice-dev libpthread-stubs0-dev libsm-dev libx11-dev libxau-dev libxcb1-dev libxdmcp-dev libxt-dev openjdk-11-jdk openjdk-11-jdk-headless x11proto-dev xorg-sgml-doctools xtrans-dev 0 upgraded, 15 newly installed, 0 to remove and 4 not upgraded. Need to get 76.9 MB of archives. After this operation, 90.6 MB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 openjdk-11-jdk-headless amd64 11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04 [73.5 MB] Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 default-jdk-headless amd64 2:1.11-72build2 [942 B] Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 openjdk-11-jdk amd64 11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04 [1,327 kB] Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 default-jdk amd64 2:1.11-72build2 [908 B] Get:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 xorg-sgml-doctools all 1:1.11-1.1 [10.9 kB] Get:6 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 x11proto-dev all 2021.5-1 [604 kB] Get:7 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libice-dev amd64 2:1.0.10-1build2 [51.4 kB] Get:8 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libpthread-stubs0-dev amd64 0.4-1build2 [5,516 B] Get:9 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libsm-dev amd64 2:1.2.3-1build2 [18.1 kB] Get:10 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libxau-dev amd64 1:1.0.9-1build5 [9,724 B] Get:11 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libxdmcp-dev amd64 1:1.1.3-0ubuntu5 [26.5 kB] Get:12 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 xtrans-dev all 1.4.0-1 [68.9 kB] Get:13 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libxcb1-dev amd64 1.14-3ubuntu3 [86.5 kB] Get:14 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libx11-dev amd64 2:1.7.5-1ubuntu0.3 [744 kB] Get:15 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libxt-dev amd64 1:1.2.1-1 [396 kB] Fetched 76.9 MB in 6s (12.7 MB/s) Selecting previously unselected package openjdk-11-jdk-headless:amd64. (Reading database ... 203527 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../00-openjdk-11-jdk-headless_11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04_amd6 4.deb ... Unpacking openjdk-11-jdk-headless:amd64 (11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04) ... Selecting previously unselected package default-jdk-headless. Preparing to unpack .../01-default-jdk-headless_2%3a1.11-72build2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking default-jdk-headless (2:1.11-72build2) ... Selecting previously unselected package openjdk-11-jdk:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../02-openjdk-11-jdk_11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04_amd64.deb ... Unpacking openjdk-11-jdk:amd64 (11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04) ... Selecting previously unselected package default-jdk. Preparing to unpack .../03-default-jdk_2%3a1.11-72build2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking default-jdk (2:1.11-72build2) ... Selecting previously unselected package xorg-sgml-doctools. Preparing to unpack .../04-xorg-sgml-doctools_1%3a1.11-1.1_all.deb ... Unpacking xorg-sgml-doctools (1:1.11-1.1) ... Selecting previously unselected package x11proto-dev. Preparing to unpack .../05-x11proto-dev_2021.5-1_all.deb ... Unpacking x11proto-dev (2021.5-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libice-dev:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../06-libice-dev_2%3a1.0.10-1build2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libice-dev:amd64 (2:1.0.10-1build2) ... Selecting previously unselected package libpthread-stubs0-dev:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../07-libpthread-stubs0-dev_0.4-1build2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libpthread-stubs0-dev:amd64 (0.4-1build2) ... Selecting previously unselected package libsm-dev:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../08-libsm-dev_2%3a1.2.3-1build2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libsm-dev:amd64 (2:1.2.3-1build2) ... Selecting previously unselected package libxau-dev:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../09-libxau-dev_1%3a1.0.9-1build5_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libxau-dev:amd64 (1:1.0.9-1build5) ... Selecting previously unselected package libxdmcp-dev:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../10-libxdmcp-dev_1%3a1.1.3-0ubuntu5_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libxdmcp-dev:amd64 (1:1.1.3-0ubuntu5) ... Selecting previously unselected package xtrans-dev. Preparing to unpack .../11-xtrans-dev_1.4.0-1_all.deb ... Unpacking xtrans-dev (1.4.0-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libxcb1-dev:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../12-libxcb1-dev_1.14-3ubuntu3_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libxcb1-dev:amd64 (1.14-3ubuntu3) ... Selecting previously unselected package libx11-dev:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../13-libx11-dev_2%3a1.7.5-1ubuntu0.3_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libx11-dev:amd64 (2:1.7.5-1ubuntu0.3) ... Selecting previously unselected package libxt-dev:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../14-libxt-dev_1%3a1.2.1-1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libxt-dev:amd64 (1:1.2.1-1) ... Setting up openjdk-11-jdk-headless:amd64 (11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04) ... update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jar to provide /usr/bin/jar (jar) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jarsigner to p rovide /usr/bin/jarsigner (jarsigner) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/javac to provi de /usr/bin/javac (javac) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/javadoc to pro vide /usr/bin/javadoc (javadoc) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/javap to provi de /usr/bin/javap (javap) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jcmd to provid e /usr/bin/jcmd (jcmd) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jdb to provide /usr/bin/jdb (jdb) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jdeprscan to p rovide /usr/bin/jdeprscan (jdeprscan) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jdeps to provi de /usr/bin/jdeps (jdeps) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jfr to provide /usr/bin/jfr (jfr) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jimage to prov ide /usr/bin/jimage (jimage) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jinfo to provi de /usr/bin/jinfo (jinfo) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jlink to provi de /usr/bin/jlink (jlink) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jmap to provid e /usr/bin/jmap (jmap) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jmod to provid e /usr/bin/jmod (jmod) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jps to provide /usr/bin/jps (jps) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jrunscript to provide /usr/bin/jrunscript (jrunscript) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jshell to prov ide /usr/bin/jshell (jshell) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jstack to prov ide /usr/bin/jstack (jstack) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jstat to provi de /usr/bin/jstat (jstat) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jstatd to prov ide /usr/bin/jstatd (jstatd) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/rmic to provid e /usr/bin/rmic (rmic) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/serialver to p rovide /usr/bin/serialver (serialver) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jaotc to provi de /usr/bin/jaotc (jaotc) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jhsdb to provi de /usr/bin/jhsdb (jhsdb) in auto mode Setting up libpthread-stubs0-dev:amd64 (0.4-1build2) ... Setting up xtrans-dev (1.4.0-1) ... Setting up default-jdk-headless (2:1.11-72build2) ... Setting up openjdk-11-jdk:amd64 (11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04) ... update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jconsole to pr ovide /usr/bin/jconsole (jconsole) in auto mode Setting up xorg-sgml-doctools (1:1.11-1.1) ... Setting up default-jdk (2:1.11-72build2) ... Processing triggers for sgml-base (1.30) ... Setting up x11proto-dev (2021.5-1) ... Setting up libxau-dev:amd64 (1:1.0.9-1build5) ... Setting up libice-dev:amd64 (2:1.0.10-1build2) ... Setting up libsm-dev:amd64 (2:1.2.3-1build2) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ... Setting up libxdmcp-dev:amd64 (1:1.1.3-0ubuntu5) ... Setting up libxcb1-dev:amd64 (1.14-3ubuntu3) ... Setting up libx11-dev:amd64 (2:1.7.5-1ubuntu0.3) ... Setting up libxt-dev:amd64 (1:1.2.1-1) ...

3. Download SQL Developer from here; and then install SQL Developer to the /opt directory on your Ubuntu local instance:

   Use the following command to unzip the SQL Developer files to the /opt directory:

   sudo unzip ~/Downloads/sqldeveloper-23.1.0.097.1607-no-jre.zip

   sudo unzip ~/Downloads/sqldeveloper-23.1.0.097.1607-no-jre.zip

4. Create the following /usr/local/bin/sqldeveloper symbolic link:

   sudo ln -s /opt/sqldeveloper/sqldeveloper.sh /usr/local/bin/sqldeveloper

   sudo ln -s /opt/sqldeveloper/sqldeveloper.sh /usr/local/bin/sqldeveloper

5. Edit the /opt/sqldeveloper/sqldeveloper.sh file by replacing the following line:

   cd "`dirname $0`"/sqldeveloper/bin && bash sqldeveloper $*

   cd "`dirname $0`"/sqldeveloper/bin && bash sqldeveloper $*

   with this version:

   /opt/sqldeveloper/sqldeveloper/bin/sqldeveloper $*

   /opt/sqldeveloper/sqldeveloper/bin/sqldeveloper $*

6. Now, you can launch SQL Developer from any location on your local Ubuntu operating system, like:

   sqldeveloper

   sqldeveloper

7. You can now connect as the system user through SQL Developer to the Oracle Database 23ai Free Docker instance with the following connection information:

   

   (Excuse recycling the version from 21c but I didn’t see any utility in making a new screen shot.)

8. You can also create a Desktop shortcut by creating the sqldeveloper.desktop file in the /usr/share/applications directory. The SQL Developer icon is provided in the sqldeveloper base directory.

   

   You should create the following sqldeveloper.desktop file to use a Desktop shortcut:

   [Desktop Entry] Name=Oracle SQL Developer Comment=SQL Developer from Oracle GenericName=SQL Tool Exec=/usr/local/bin/sqldeveloper Icon=/opt/sqldeveloper/icon.png Type=Application StartupNotify=true Categories=Utility;Oracle;Development;SQL;

   [Desktop Entry] Name=Oracle SQL Developer Comment=SQL Developer from Oracle GenericName=SQL Tool Exec=/usr/local/bin/sqldeveloper Icon=/opt/sqldeveloper/icon.png Type=Application StartupNotify=true Categories=Utility;Oracle;Development;SQL;

As always, I hope this helps those trying to accomplish this task.

This is an example of how you would upload data from a flat file, or Comma Separated Value (CSV) file inside Docker Oracle Database 23c Free. It’s important to note that in the file upload you are transferring information that doesn’t have surrogate key values by leveraing joins inside a MERGE statement.

Step #1 : Create a virtual directory

You can create a virtual directory without a physical directory but it won’t work when you try to access it. Therefore, you should create the physical directory first. Assuming you’ve created the Docker Oracle Database 23c Free instance, you should put the code in subdirectories of the /opt/oracle file directory.

• Connect as the root user with the following Docker command:

  docker exec -it --user root oracle23c bash

  docker exec -it --user root oracle23c bash

  Issue the following commands as the oracle user inside the Docker container to create the necessary physical directories. You may need to refer to my earlier blog post if you haven’t setup the oracle user inside the Docker instance. While this blog post will only use the /opt/oracle/upload/text and /opt/oracle/upload/log directories, a subsequent post will demonstrate the preprocessing module for the external tables.

  mkdir /opt/oracle/upload mkdir /opt/oracle/upload/text mkdir /opt/oracle/upload/log mkdir /opt/oracle/upload/preproc

  mkdir /opt/oracle/upload mkdir /opt/oracle/upload/text mkdir /opt/oracle/upload/log mkdir /opt/oracle/upload/preproc

• Connect to the Oracle Database 23c Free inside the container as the system user to create a c##studentrole, and do the following three things:
  • Grant privileges to the c##studentrole, and grant the c##studentrole to the c##student user.

    -- Create the role. CREATE ROLE c##studentrole;   -- Grant privileges to the role. GRANT CREATE CLUSTER, CREATE INDEXTYPE, CREATE PROCEDURE, CREATE SEQUENCE, CREATE SESSION, CREATE TABLE, CREATE TRIGGER, CREATE TYPE, CREATE VIEW TO c##studentrole;   -- Grant privileges to the user. GRANT c##studentrole TO c##student;

    -- Create the role. CREATE ROLE c##studentrole; -- Grant privileges to the role. GRANT CREATE CLUSTER, CREATE INDEXTYPE, CREATE PROCEDURE, CREATE SEQUENCE, CREATE SESSION, CREATE TABLE, CREATE TRIGGER, CREATE TYPE, CREATE VIEW TO c##studentrole; -- Grant privileges to the user. GRANT c##studentrole TO c##student;

  • As the system user, create the necessary virtual directories that map to the physical directories inside the Docker container:

    CREATE DIRECTORY upload AS '/opt/oracle/upload/text'; CREATE DIRECTORY preproc AS '/opt/oracle/upload/preproc'; CREATE DIRECTORY LOG AS '/opt/oracle/upload/log';

    CREATE DIRECTORY upload AS '/opt/oracle/upload/text'; CREATE DIRECTORY preproc AS '/opt/oracle/upload/preproc'; CREATE DIRECTORY log AS '/opt/oracle/upload/log';

  • As the system user, grant the necessary privileges on the virtual directories to the c##studentrole role:

    GRANT read ON DIRECTORY upload TO c##studentrole; GRANT read, WRITE ON DIRECTORY LOG TO c##studentrole; GRANT read, EXECUTE ON DIRECTORY preproc TO c##studentrole;

    GRANT read ON DIRECTORY upload TO c##studentrole; GRANT read, write ON DIRECTORY log TO c##studentrole; GRANT read, execute ON DIRECTORY preproc TO c##studentrole;

Step #2 : Position your CSV file in the physical directory

After creating the virtual directory, copy the following contents into a file named kingdom_import.csv in the /opt/oracle/upload/texgt directory or folder. If you attempt to do this in Windows, you need to disable Windows UAC before performing this step.

Place the following in the kingdom_import.csv file. The trailing commas aren’t too meaningful in Oracle but they’re very helpful if you use the file in MySQL. A key element in creating this files requires that you avoid trailing line returns at the bottom of the file because they’re inserted as null values. There should be no lines after the last row of data.

'Narnia',77600,'Peter the Magnificent','20-MAR-1272','19-JUN-1292','The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe',
'Narnia',77600,'Edmund the Just','20-MAR-1272','19-JUN-1292','The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe',
'Narnia',77600,'Susan the Gentle','20-MAR-1272','19-JUN-1292','The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe',
'Narnia',77600,'Lucy the Valiant','20-MAR-1272','19-JUN-1292','The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe',
'Narnia',42100,'Peter the Magnificent','12-APR-1531','31-MAY-1328','Prince Caspian',
'Narnia',42100,'Edmund the Just','12-APR-1531','31-MAY-1328','Prince Caspian',
'Narnia',42100,'Susan the Gentle','12-APR-1531','31-MAY-1328','Prince Caspian',
'Narnia',42100,'Lucy the Valiant','12-APR-1531','31-MAY-1328','Prince Caspian',
'Camelot',15200,'King Arthur','10-MAR-0631','12-DEC-0686','The Once and Future King',
'Camelot',15200,'Sir Lionel','10-MAR-0631','12-DEC-0686','The Once and Future King',
'Camelot',15200,'Sir Bors','10-MAR-0631','12-DEC-0635','The Once and Future King',
'Camelot',15200,'Sir Bors','10-MAR-0640','12-DEC-0686','The Once and Future King',
'Camelot',15200,'Sir Galahad','10-MAR-0631','12-DEC-0686','The Once and Future King',
'Camelot',15200,'Sir Gawain','10-MAR-0631','12-DEC-0686','The Once and Future King',
'Camelot',15200,'Sir Tristram','10-MAR-0631','12-DEC-0686','The Once and Future King',
'Camelot',15200,'Sir Percival','10-MAR-0631','12-DEC-0686','The Once and Future King',
'Camelot',15200,'Sir Lancelot','30-SEP-0670','12-DEC-0686','The Once and Future King',

Step #3 : Reconnect as the student user

Disconnect and connect as the c##student user, or reconnect as the c##student user. The reconnect syntax that protects your password is:

CONNECT c##student@free

Step #4 : Run the script that creates tables and sequences

Copy the following into a create_kingdom_upload.sql file within a directory of your choice. I use varchar as the data type because it’s an alias for varchar2 and highlights appropriately with the GeSHi formatting. Then, run it as the student account.

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-- Conditionally drop tables.
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS kingdom;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS knight;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS kingdom_knight_import;
 
-- Conditionally drop sequences.
DROP SEQUENCE IF EXISTS kingdom_s1;
DROP SEQUENCE IF EXISTS knight_s1;
 
-- Create normalized kingdom table.
CREATE TABLE kingdom
( kingdom_id    NUMBER
, kingdom_name  VARCHAR(20)
, population    NUMBER
, book          VARCHAR(40));
 
-- Create a sequence for the kingdom table.
CREATE SEQUENCE kingdom_s1;
 
-- Create normalized knight table.
CREATE TABLE knight
( knight_id             NUMBER
, knight_name           VARCHAR(22)
, kingdom_allegiance_id NUMBER
, allegiance_start_date DATE
, allegiance_end_date   DATE
, book                  VARCHAR(40));
 
-- Create a sequence for the knight table.
CREATE SEQUENCE knight_s1;
 
-- Create external import table.
CREATE TABLE kingdom_knight_import
( kingdom_name           VARCHAR(20)
, population             NUMBER
, knight_name            VARCHAR(22)
, allegiance_start_date  DATE
, allegiance_end_date    DATE
, book                   VARCHAR(40))
  ORGANIZATION EXTERNAL
  ( TYPE oracle_loader
    DEFAULT DIRECTORY upload
    ACCESS PARAMETERS
    ( RECORDS DELIMITED BY NEWLINE CHARACTERSET US7ASCII
      BADFILE     'LOG':'kingdom_import.bad'
      DISCARDFILE 'LOG':'kingdom_import.dis'
      LOGFILE     'LOG':'kingdom_import.log'
      FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
      OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY "'"
      MISSING FIELD VALUES ARE NULL )
    LOCATION ('kingdom_import.csv'))
REJECT LIMIT UNLIMITED;

Step #5 : Test your access to the external table

There a number of things that could go wrong with setting up an external table, such as file permissions. Before moving on to the balance of the steps, you should test what you’ve done. Run the following query from the student account to check whether or not you can access the kingdom_import.csv file.

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SET PAGESIZE 999
COL kingdom_name  FORMAT A7     HEADING "Kingdom|Name"
COL folks         FORMAT 99999  HEADING "Folks"
COL knight_name   FORMAT A21    HEADING "Knight Name"
COL dates         FORMAT A11    HEADING "Start Date"
COL source_book   FORMAT A38    HEADING "Book"
SELECT   kingdom_name
,        knight_name
,        TO_CHAR(allegiance_start_date,'DD-MON-YYYY')
||       TO_CHAR(allegiance_end_date,'DD-MON-YYYY') AS dates
,        book
FROM     kingdom_knight_import;

Step #6 : Create the upload procedure

Copy the following into a create_upload_procedure.sql file within a virtual directory of your choice. As noted above in the external table definition writes only occur in the log virtual directory. This is important because there are articles out there on the Internet that could misdirect you when you get the following error message on the upload virtual directory.

ORA-06564: Object UPLOAD does not exist or is not accessible to the user.

By the way, you’ll only see that error if you fail to:

• Designate the procedure as AUTH_ID CURRENT, and
• Enabled SERVEROUTPUT inside the SQL*Plus command-line interface (CLI) session or inside the glogin.sql file for the Oracle Database 23c Free Docker instance.

Then, run it as the student account.

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-- Create a procedure to wrap the transaction.
CREATE OR REPLACE
  PROCEDURE upload_kingdom AUTHID CURRENT_USER IS 
BEGIN
  -- Set save point for an all or nothing transaction.
  SAVEPOINT starting_point;
 
  -- Insert or update the table, which makes this rerunnable when the file hasn't been updated.  
  MERGE INTO kingdom target
  USING (SELECT   DISTINCT
                  k.kingdom_id
         ,        kki.kingdom_name
         ,        kki.population
         ,        kki.book
         FROM     kingdom_knight_import kki LEFT JOIN kingdom k
         ON       kki.kingdom_name = k.kingdom_name
         AND      kki.population = k.population
         AND      kki.book = k.book) SOURCE
  ON (target.kingdom_id = SOURCE.kingdom_id)
  WHEN MATCHED THEN
  UPDATE SET kingdom_name = SOURCE.kingdom_name
  WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
  INSERT VALUES
  ( kingdom_s1.nextval
  , SOURCE.kingdom_name
  , SOURCE.population
  , SOURCE.book);
 
  -- Insert or update the table, which makes this rerunnable when the file hasn't been updated.  
  MERGE INTO knight target
  USING (SELECT   kn.knight_id
         ,        kki.knight_name
         ,        k.kingdom_id
         ,        kki.allegiance_start_date AS start_date
         ,        kki.allegiance_end_date AS end_date
         ,        kki.book
         FROM     kingdom_knight_import kki INNER JOIN kingdom k
         ON       kki.kingdom_name = k.kingdom_name
         AND      kki.population = k.population LEFT JOIN knight kn 
         ON       k.kingdom_id = kn.kingdom_allegiance_id
         AND      kki.knight_name = kn.knight_name
         AND      kki.allegiance_start_date = kn.allegiance_start_date
         AND      kki.allegiance_end_date = kn.allegiance_end_date
         AND      kki.book = kn.book) SOURCE
  ON (target.kingdom_allegiance_id = SOURCE.kingdom_id)
  WHEN MATCHED THEN
  UPDATE SET allegiance_start_date = SOURCE.start_date
  ,          allegiance_end_date = SOURCE.end_date
  ,          book = SOURCE.book
  WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
  INSERT VALUES
  ( knight_s1.nextval
  , SOURCE.knight_name
  , SOURCE.kingdom_id
  , SOURCE.start_date
  , SOURCE.end_date
  , SOURCE.book);
 
  -- Save the changes.
  COMMIT;
 
EXCEPTION
  WHEN OTHERS THEN
    dbms_output.put_line(SQLERRM);
    ROLLBACK TO starting_point;
    RETURN;
END;
/

Step #7 : Run the upload procedure

You can run the file by calling the script above. The procedure ensures that records are inserted or updated into their respective tables.

EXECUTE upload_kingdom;

Step #8 : Test the results of the upload procedure

You can test whether or not it worked by running the following queries.

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-- Format Oracle output.
COLUMN kingdom_id    FORMAT 999      HEADING "Kingdom|ID #"
COLUMN kingdom_name  FORMAT A14      HEADING "Kingdom|Name"
COLUMN population    FORMAT 999,999  HEADING "Population"
COLUMN book          FORMAT A40      HEADING "Source Book"
 
-- Check the kingdom table.
SELECT * FROM kingdom;
 
-- Format Oracle output.
SET PAGESIZE 999
COLUMN knight_id              FORMAT 999  HEADING "Knight|ID #"
COLUMN knight_name            FORMAT A23  HEADING "Knight|Name"
COLUMN kingdom_allegiance_id  FORMAT 999  HEADING "Kingdom|ID #"
COLUMN allegiance_start_date  FORMAT A11 HEADING "Allegiance|Start Date"
COLUMN allegiance_end_date    FORMAT A11 HEADING "Allegiance|End Date"
 
-- Check the knight table.
SELECT   knight_id
,        knight_name
,        kingdom_allegiance_id
,        TO_CHAR(allegiance_start_date,'DD-MON-YYYY') AS allegiance_start_date
,        TO_CHAR(allegiance_end_date,'DD-MON-YYYY') AS allegiance_end_date
FROM     knight;

It should display the following information:

Kingdom Kingdom
   ID # Name	       Population Source Book
------- -------------- ---------- ----------------------------------------
      1 Narnia		   42,100 Prince Caspian
      2 Narnia		   77,600 The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe
      3 Camelot 	   15,200 The Once and Future King
 
 
Knight Knight		       Kingdom Allegiance  Allegiance
  ID # Name			  ID # Start Date  End Date
------ ----------------------- ------- ----------- -----------
     1 Peter the Magnificent	     2 20-MAR-1272 19-JUN-1292
     2 Edmund the Just		     2 20-MAR-1272 19-JUN-1292
     3 Susan the Gentle 	     2 20-MAR-1272 19-JUN-1292
     4 Lucy the Valiant 	     2 20-MAR-1272 19-JUN-1292
     5 Peter the Magnificent	     1 12-APR-1531 31-MAY-1328
     6 Edmund the Just		     1 12-APR-1531 31-MAY-1328
     7 Susan the Gentle 	     1 12-APR-1531 31-MAY-1328
     8 Lucy the Valiant 	     1 12-APR-1531 31-MAY-1328
     9 King Arthur		     3 10-MAR-0631 12-DEC-0686
    10 Sir Lionel		     3 10-MAR-0631 12-DEC-0686
    11 Sir Bors 		     3 10-MAR-0631 12-DEC-0635
    12 Sir Bors 		     3 10-MAR-0640 12-DEC-0686
    13 Sir Galahad		     3 10-MAR-0631 12-DEC-0686
    14 Sir Gawain		     3 10-MAR-0631 12-DEC-0686
    15 Sir Tristram		     3 10-MAR-0631 12-DEC-0686
    16 Sir Percival		     3 10-MAR-0631 12-DEC-0686
    17 Sir Lancelot		     3 30-SEP-0670 12-DEC-0686

You can rerun the procedure to check that it doesn’t alter any information, then you could add a new knight to test the insertion portion.

I have to remind myself from time to time that Ubuntu is a Desktop or Workstation and by default can go missing key server software, like ssh. This became evident when I wanted to check whether I could run sqlplus from my Mac OS terminal through my Ubuntu VM and internally embedded Oracle Database 23c Free docker instance.

If like me you forgot to add it, you can add the ssh service with the following commands to your Ubuntu VM:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y openssh-server
sudo systemctl start ssh.service

Then, you can test the installation with an ssh call to localhost, like:

ssh localhost

You should see the following, where you need to enter the sudoer’s password to continue. Your localhost target causes an authenticity check, like:

The authenticity of host 'localhost (127.0.0.1)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:js8knEf/lOE1rSss3u8lP4Ii634Y0CkUz+oJM5dt3w4.
This key is not known by any other names
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])?

Enter yes to continue:

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes

It will now add localhost to the list of known hosts provide standard messages, as shown below.

Warning: Permanently added 'localhost' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.
student@localhost's password: 
Welcome to Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS (GNU/Linux 6.2.0-39-generic x86_64)
 
 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com
 * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com
 * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage
 
Expanded Security Maintenance for Applications is not enabled.
 
9 updates can be applied immediately.
5 of these updates are standard security updates.
To see these additional updates run: apt list --upgradable
 
Enable ESM Apps to receive additional future security updates.
See https://ubuntu.com/esm or run: sudo pro status
 
The programs included with the Ubuntu system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.
 
Ubuntu comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by
applicable law.

Having verified the installation and functionality of ssh in the Ubuntu VM. Then, I launched a Terminal session on my MacBookPro base operating system. Using the Ubuntu instance ssh and a customized Bash function, I discovered its IP address.

The following is the get_ip() user-defined function in the Ubuntu instance’s student user’s customized .bashrc file:

# Return the local instance's IP address.
get_ip ()
{
  echo `hostname -I | cut -f1 -d' '`
}

In this instance, it returned:

192.168.195.155

With the IP address, I secured shelled into my Ubuntu sudoer student user like this:

ssh student@192.168.195.155

It’ll prompt you for the remote server’s student password, like:

student@192.168.195.155's password:

After entering the correct password, I got the standard reply of a valid connection:

Welcome to Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS (GNU/Linux 6.2.0-39-generic x86_64)
 
 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com
 * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com
 * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage
 
Expanded Security Maintenance for Applications is not enabled.
 
9 updates can be applied immediately.
5 of these updates are standard security updates.
To see these additional updates run: apt list --upgradable
 
Enable ESM Apps to receive additional future security updates.
See https://ubuntu.com/esm or run: sudo pro status
 
Last login: Fri Jan  5 18:13:21 2024 from 127.0.0.1

Next, I connected to the Ubuntu Docker Oracle Database 23c Free instance with this syntax:

docker exec -it --user student oracle23c bash

At the prompt for the Docker instance of Oracle Database 23c Free, you can type sqlplus to work directly against the Oracle Database 23c Free instance with a pluggable c##student database user.

sqlplus c##student/student
 
SQL*Plus: Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat Jan 6 01:38:06 2024
Version 23.3.0.23.09
 
Copyright (c) 1982, 2023, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
 
Last Successful login time: Sat Dec 23 2023 04:30:00 +00:00
 
Connected to:
Oracle Database 23c Free Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Develop, Learn, and Run for Free
Version 23.3.0.23.09

Now, I can interactively edit my files with vi in the Docker Oracle Database 23c Free directory. The following demonstrates using the sandboxed student() function from my earlier Oracle 23c Free SQL*Plus blog post and connects as a sandboxed student user in the Docker Oracle 23c Free container. The image uses a different Mac OS and different Ubuntu VM from the earlier entries in this blog post from the earlier examples.

You can edit and test the files in the Docker Oracle 23c Free instance through the command-line interface (CLI). You can further automate the ssh connection by making the Ubuntu instance’s IP address a static address instead of a DCHP-assigned address; and then you can put it in the Mac OS’s /etc/hosts file which lets you resolve it by name (through file versus DNS resolution).

As always, I hope this helps those looking for a solution.

It’s always frustrated me when using the sqlplus command-line interface (CLI) that you can’t just “up arrow” to through the history. At least, that’s the default case unless you wrap the sqlplus executable.

I like to do my development work as close to the database as possible. The delay from SQL Developer to the database or VSCode to the database is just too long. Therefore, I like the native sqlplus to be as efficient as possible. This post shows you how to install the rlwarp utility to wrap sqlplus and create a sandboxed student user for a local development account inside the Oracle 23c Free container. You should note that the Docker or Podman Container is using Oracle Unbreakable Linux 8 as it’s native OS.

You can connect to your Docker version of Oracle Database 23c Free with the following command:

docker exec -it -u root oracle23c bash

You can’t just use dnf to install rlwrap and get it to magically install all the dependencies. That would be too easy, eh?

Attempting to do so will lock your base OS and eventually force you to kill with prejudice the hung dnf process (at least it forced me to do so). You need to determine the rlwrap dependencies and then install them first. In that process, I noticed that the which utility program wasn’t installed in the container.

Naturally, I installed the which utility first with this command:

dnf install -y which

Last metadata expiration check: 0:26:00 ago on Thu Dec 21 05:18:09 2023.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package      Architecture  Version              Repository                Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 which        x86_64        2.21-20.el8          ol8_baseos_latest         50 k
 
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  1 Package
 
Total download size: 50 k
Installed size: 81 k
Downloading Packages:
which-2.21-20.el8.x86_64.rpm                     80 kB/s |  50 kB     00:00    
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                            80 kB/s |  50 kB     00:00     
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                        1/1 
  Installing       : which-2.21-20.el8.x86_64                               1/1 
  Running scriptlet: which-2.21-20.el8.x86_64                               1/1 
  Verifying        : which-2.21-20.el8.x86_64                               1/1 
 
Installed:
  which-2.21-20.el8.x86_64                                                      
 
Complete!

The rlwrap dependencies are: glibc, ncurses, perl, readline, python, and git. Only the perl, python, and git are missing from the list of formal dependencies but there’s another dependency the epel-release package.

If you want to verify whether a package is installed, you can use the rpm command like this:

rpm -qa | grep package_name

I installed the perl programming environment (a big install) with this command:

dnf install -y perl

Last metadata expiration check: 0:28:29 ago on Thu Dec 21 05:18:09 2023.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package                      Arch   Version            Repository         Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 perl                         x86_64 4:5.26.3-422.el8   ol8_appstream      73 k
Installing dependencies:
 dwz                          x86_64 0.12-10.el8        ol8_appstream     109 k
 efi-srpm-macros              noarch 3-3.0.1.el8        ol8_appstream      22 k
 file                         x86_64 5.33-24.el8        ol8_baseos_latest  77 k
 ghc-srpm-macros              noarch 1.4.2-7.el8        ol8_appstream     9.3 k
 glibc-gconv-extra            x86_64 2.28-225.0.3.el8   ol8_baseos_latest 1.5 M
 go-srpm-macros               noarch 2-17.el8           ol8_appstream      13 k
 groff-base                   x86_64 1.22.3-18.el8      ol8_baseos_latest 1.0 M
 ocaml-srpm-macros            noarch 5-4.el8            ol8_appstream     9.3 k
 openblas-srpm-macros         noarch 2-2.el8            ol8_appstream     7.9 k
 perl-Algorithm-Diff          noarch 1.1903-9.el8       ol8_baseos_latest  52 k
 perl-Archive-Tar             noarch 2.30-1.el8         ol8_baseos_latest  79 k
 perl-Archive-Zip             noarch 1.60-3.el8         ol8_appstream     108 k
 perl-Attribute-Handlers      noarch 0.99-422.el8       ol8_appstream      89 k
 perl-B-Debug                 noarch 1.26-2.el8         ol8_appstream      26 k
 perl-CPAN                    noarch 2.18-397.el8       ol8_appstream     554 k
 perl-CPAN-Meta               noarch 2.150010-396.el8   ol8_appstream     191 k
 perl-CPAN-Meta-Requirements  noarch 2.140-396.el8      ol8_appstream      37 k
 perl-CPAN-Meta-YAML          noarch 0.018-397.el8      ol8_appstream      34 k
 perl-Carp                    noarch 1.42-396.el8       ol8_baseos_latest  30 k
 perl-Compress-Bzip2          x86_64 2.26-6.el8         ol8_appstream      72 k
 perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2      x86_64 2.081-1.el8        ol8_baseos_latest  40 k
 perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib       x86_64 2.081-1.el8        ol8_baseos_latest  68 k
 perl-Config-Perl-V           noarch 0.30-1.el8         ol8_appstream      22 k
 perl-DB_File                 x86_64 1.842-1.el8        ol8_appstream      83 k
 perl-Data-Dumper             x86_64 2.167-399.el8      ol8_baseos_latest  58 k
 perl-Data-OptList            noarch 0.110-6.el8        ol8_appstream      31 k
 perl-Data-Section            noarch 0.200007-3.el8     ol8_appstream      30 k
 perl-Devel-PPPort            x86_64 3.36-5.el8         ol8_appstream     118 k
 perl-Devel-Peek              x86_64 1.26-422.el8       ol8_appstream      94 k
 perl-Devel-SelfStubber       noarch 1.06-422.el8       ol8_appstream      76 k
 perl-Devel-Size              x86_64 0.81-2.el8         ol8_appstream      34 k
 perl-Digest                  noarch 1.17-395.el8       ol8_baseos_latest  27 k
 perl-Digest-MD5              x86_64 2.55-396.el8       ol8_baseos_latest  37 k
 perl-Digest-SHA              x86_64 1:6.02-1.el8       ol8_appstream      66 k
 perl-Encode                  x86_64 4:2.97-3.el8       ol8_baseos_latest 1.5 M
 perl-Encode-devel            x86_64 4:2.97-3.el8       ol8_appstream      39 k
 perl-Env                     noarch 1.04-395.el8       ol8_appstream      21 k
 perl-Errno                   x86_64 1.28-422.el8       ol8_baseos_latest  76 k
 perl-Exporter                noarch 5.72-396.el8       ol8_baseos_latest  34 k
 perl-ExtUtils-CBuilder       noarch 1:0.280230-2.el8   ol8_appstream      48 k
 perl-ExtUtils-Command        noarch 1:7.34-1.el8       ol8_appstream      19 k
 perl-ExtUtils-Embed          noarch 1.34-422.el8       ol8_appstream      79 k
 perl-ExtUtils-Install        noarch 2.14-4.el8         ol8_appstream      46 k
 perl-ExtUtils-MM-Utils       noarch 1:7.34-1.el8       ol8_appstream      16 k
 perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker      noarch 1:7.34-1.el8       ol8_appstream     300 k
 perl-ExtUtils-Manifest       noarch 1.70-395.el8       ol8_appstream      36 k
 perl-ExtUtils-Miniperl       noarch 1.06-422.el8       ol8_appstream      77 k
 perl-ExtUtils-ParseXS        noarch 1:3.35-2.el8       ol8_appstream      83 k
 perl-File-Fetch              noarch 0.56-2.el8         ol8_appstream      33 k
 perl-File-HomeDir            noarch 1.002-4.el8        ol8_appstream      61 k
 perl-File-Path               noarch 2.15-2.el8         ol8_baseos_latest  38 k
 perl-File-Temp               noarch 0.230.600-1.el8    ol8_baseos_latest  63 k
 perl-File-Which              noarch 1.22-2.el8         ol8_appstream      23 k
 perl-Filter                  x86_64 2:1.58-2.el8       ol8_appstream      82 k
 perl-Filter-Simple           noarch 0.94-2.el8         ol8_appstream      29 k
 perl-Getopt-Long             noarch 1:2.50-4.el8       ol8_baseos_latest  63 k
 perl-HTTP-Tiny               noarch 0.074-2.el8        ol8_baseos_latest  57 k
 perl-IO                      x86_64 1.38-422.el8       ol8_baseos_latest 142 k
 perl-IO-Compress             noarch 2.081-1.el8        ol8_baseos_latest 258 k
 perl-IO-Socket-IP            noarch 0.39-5.el8         ol8_baseos_latest  47 k
 perl-IO-Socket-SSL           noarch 2.066-4.module+el8.6.0+20623+f0897f98
                                                        ol8_appstream     298 k
 perl-IO-Zlib                 noarch 1:1.10-422.el8     ol8_baseos_latest  81 k
 perl-IPC-Cmd                 noarch 2:1.02-1.el8       ol8_appstream      43 k
 perl-IPC-SysV                x86_64 2.07-397.el8       ol8_appstream      43 k
 perl-IPC-System-Simple       noarch 1.25-17.el8        ol8_appstream      43 k
 perl-JSON-PP                 noarch 1:2.97.001-3.el8   ol8_appstream      68 k
 perl-Locale-Codes            noarch 3.57-1.el8         ol8_appstream     310 k
 perl-Locale-Maketext         noarch 1.28-396.el8       ol8_appstream      99 k
 perl-Locale-Maketext-Simple  noarch 1:0.21-422.el8     ol8_appstream      79 k
 perl-MIME-Base64             x86_64 3.15-396.el8       ol8_baseos_latest  31 k
 perl-MRO-Compat              noarch 0.13-4.el8         ol8_appstream      24 k
 perl-Math-BigInt             noarch 1:1.9998.11-7.el8  ol8_baseos_latest 196 k
 perl-Math-BigInt-FastCalc    x86_64 0.500.600-6.el8    ol8_appstream      27 k
 perl-Math-BigRat             noarch 0.2614-1.el8       ol8_appstream      40 k
 perl-Math-Complex            noarch 1.59-422.el8       ol8_baseos_latest 109 k
 perl-Memoize                 noarch 1.03-422.el8       ol8_appstream     119 k
 perl-Module-Build            noarch 2:0.42.24-5.el8    ol8_appstream     273 k
 perl-Module-CoreList         noarch 1:5.20181130-1.el8 ol8_appstream      87 k
 perl-Module-CoreList-tools   noarch 1:5.20181130-1.el8 ol8_appstream      22 k
 perl-Module-Load             noarch 1:0.32-395.el8     ol8_appstream      19 k
 perl-Module-Load-Conditional noarch 0.68-395.el8       ol8_appstream      24 k
 perl-Module-Loaded           noarch 1:0.08-422.el8     ol8_appstream      75 k
 perl-Module-Metadata         noarch 1.000033-395.el8   ol8_appstream      44 k
 perl-Mozilla-CA              noarch 20160104-7.0.1.module+el8.3.0+21136+b437fca9
                                                        ol8_appstream      15 k
 perl-Net-Ping                noarch 2.55-422.el8       ol8_appstream     102 k
 perl-Net-SSLeay              x86_64 1.88-2.module+el8.6.0+20623+f0897f98
                                                        ol8_appstream     379 k
 perl-Package-Generator       noarch 1.106-11.el8       ol8_appstream      27 k
 perl-Params-Check            noarch 1:0.38-395.el8     ol8_appstream      24 k
 perl-Params-Util             x86_64 1.07-22.el8        ol8_appstream      44 k
 perl-PathTools               x86_64 3.74-1.el8         ol8_baseos_latest  90 k
 perl-Perl-OSType             noarch 1.010-396.el8      ol8_appstream      29 k
 perl-PerlIO-via-QuotedPrint  noarch 0.08-395.el8       ol8_appstream      13 k
 perl-Pod-Checker             noarch 4:1.73-395.el8     ol8_appstream      33 k
 perl-Pod-Escapes             noarch 1:1.07-395.el8     ol8_baseos_latest  20 k
 perl-Pod-Html                noarch 1.22.02-422.el8    ol8_appstream      88 k
 perl-Pod-Parser              noarch 1.63-396.el8       ol8_appstream     108 k
 perl-Pod-Perldoc             noarch 3.28-396.el8       ol8_baseos_latest  88 k
 perl-Pod-Simple              noarch 1:3.35-395.el8     ol8_baseos_latest 213 k
 perl-Pod-Usage               noarch 4:1.69-395.el8     ol8_baseos_latest  34 k
 perl-Scalar-List-Utils       x86_64 3:1.49-2.el8       ol8_baseos_latest  68 k
 perl-SelfLoader              noarch 1.23-422.el8       ol8_appstream      83 k
 perl-Socket                  x86_64 4:2.027-3.el8      ol8_baseos_latest  59 k
 perl-Software-License        noarch 0.103013-2.el8     ol8_appstream     137 k
 perl-Storable                x86_64 1:3.11-3.el8       ol8_baseos_latest  98 k
 perl-Sub-Exporter            noarch 0.987-15.el8       ol8_appstream      73 k
 perl-Sub-Install             noarch 0.928-14.el8       ol8_appstream      27 k
 perl-Sys-Syslog              x86_64 0.35-397.el8       ol8_appstream      50 k
 perl-Term-ANSIColor          noarch 4.06-396.el8       ol8_baseos_latest  46 k
 perl-Term-Cap                noarch 1.17-395.el8       ol8_baseos_latest  23 k
 perl-Test                    noarch 1.30-422.el8       ol8_appstream      90 k
 perl-Test-Harness            noarch 1:3.42-1.el8       ol8_appstream     279 k
 perl-Test-Simple             noarch 1:1.302135-1.el8   ol8_appstream     516 k
 perl-Text-Balanced           noarch 2.03-395.el8       ol8_appstream      58 k
 perl-Text-Diff               noarch 1.45-2.el8         ol8_baseos_latest  45 k
 perl-Text-Glob               noarch 0.11-4.el8         ol8_appstream      17 k
 perl-Text-ParseWords         noarch 3.30-395.el8       ol8_baseos_latest  18 k
 perl-Text-Tabs+Wrap          noarch 2013.0523-395.el8  ol8_baseos_latest  24 k
 perl-Text-Template           noarch 1.51-1.el8         ol8_appstream      64 k
 perl-Thread-Queue            noarch 3.13-1.el8         ol8_appstream      24 k
 perl-Time-HiRes              x86_64 4:1.9758-2.el8     ol8_appstream      61 k
 perl-Time-Local              noarch 1:1.280-1.el8      ol8_baseos_latest  33 k
 perl-Time-Piece              x86_64 1.31-422.el8       ol8_appstream      98 k
 perl-URI                     noarch 1.73-3.el8         ol8_baseos_latest 116 k
 perl-Unicode-Collate         x86_64 1.25-2.el8         ol8_appstream     686 k
 perl-Unicode-Normalize       x86_64 1.25-396.el8       ol8_baseos_latest  82 k
 perl-autodie                 noarch 2.29-396.el8       ol8_appstream      98 k
 perl-bignum                  noarch 0.49-2.el8         ol8_appstream      43 k
 perl-constant                noarch 1.33-396.el8       ol8_baseos_latest  25 k
 perl-devel                   x86_64 4:5.26.3-422.el8   ol8_appstream     600 k
 perl-encoding                x86_64 4:2.22-3.el8       ol8_appstream      68 k
 perl-experimental            noarch 0.019-2.el8        ol8_appstream      24 k
 perl-inc-latest              noarch 2:0.500-9.el8      ol8_appstream      25 k
 perl-interpreter             x86_64 4:5.26.3-422.el8   ol8_baseos_latest 6.3 M
 perl-libnet                  noarch 3.11-3.el8         ol8_baseos_latest 121 k
 perl-libnetcfg               noarch 4:5.26.3-422.el8   ol8_appstream      78 k
 perl-libs                    x86_64 4:5.26.3-422.el8   ol8_baseos_latest 1.6 M
 perl-local-lib               noarch 2.000024-2.el8     ol8_appstream      74 k
 perl-macros                  x86_64 4:5.26.3-422.el8   ol8_baseos_latest  72 k
 perl-open                    noarch 1.11-422.el8       ol8_appstream      78 k
 perl-parent                  noarch 1:0.237-1.el8      ol8_baseos_latest  20 k
 perl-perlfaq                 noarch 5.20180605-1.el8   ol8_appstream     386 k
 perl-podlators               noarch 4.11-1.el8         ol8_baseos_latest 118 k
 perl-srpm-macros             noarch 1-25.el8           ol8_appstream      11 k
 perl-threads                 x86_64 1:2.21-2.el8       ol8_baseos_latest  61 k
 perl-threads-shared          x86_64 1.58-2.el8         ol8_baseos_latest  48 k
 perl-utils                   noarch 5.26.3-422.el8     ol8_appstream     129 k
 perl-version                 x86_64 6:0.99.24-1.el8    ol8_appstream      67 k
 python-rpm-macros            noarch 3-45.el8           ol8_appstream      16 k
 python-srpm-macros           noarch 3-45.el8           ol8_appstream      16 k
 python3-pyparsing            noarch 2.1.10-7.el8       ol8_baseos_latest 142 k
 python3-rpm-macros           noarch 3-45.el8           ol8_appstream      15 k
 qt5-srpm-macros              noarch 5.15.3-1.el8       ol8_appstream      11 k
 redhat-rpm-config            noarch 131-1.0.1.el8      ol8_appstream      91 k
 rust-srpm-macros             noarch 5-2.el8            ol8_appstream     9.2 k
 systemtap-sdt-devel          x86_64 4.9-3.0.1.el8      ol8_appstream      88 k
 zip                          x86_64 3.0-23.el8         ol8_baseos_latest 270 k
Installing weak dependencies:
 perl-Encode-Locale           noarch 1.05-10.module+el8.3.0+7692+542c56f9
                                                        ol8_appstream      22 k
 perl-TermReadKey             x86_64 2.37-7.el8         ol8_appstream      40 k
Enabling module streams:
 perl                                5.26                                      
 perl-IO-Socket-SSL                  2.066                                     
 perl-libwww-perl                    6.34                                      
 
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  159 Packages
 
Total download size: 25 M
Installed size: 73 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/159): file-5.33-24.el8.x86_64.rpm            163 kB/s |  77 kB     00:00    
(2/159): perl-Algorithm-Diff-1.1903-9.el8.noarc 531 kB/s |  52 kB     00:00    
(3/159): groff-base-1.22.3-18.el8.x86_64.rpm    1.5 MB/s | 1.0 MB     00:00    
(4/159): perl-Archive-Tar-2.30-1.el8.noarch.rpm 642 kB/s |  79 kB     00:00    
(5/159): perl-Carp-1.42-396.el8.noarch.rpm      449 kB/s |  30 kB     00:00    
(6/159): perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.081-1.el8.x8 452 kB/s |  40 kB     00:00    
(7/159): perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.081-1.el8.x86 968 kB/s |  68 kB     00:00    
(8/159): perl-Data-Dumper-2.167-399.el8.x86_64. 734 kB/s |  58 kB     00:00    
(9/159): perl-Digest-1.17-395.el8.noarch.rpm    391 kB/s |  27 kB     00:00    
(10/159): perl-Digest-MD5-2.55-396.el8.x86_64.r 481 kB/s |  37 kB     00:00    
(11/159): perl-Errno-1.28-422.el8.x86_64.rpm    811 kB/s |  76 kB     00:00    
(12/159): perl-Encode-2.97-3.el8.x86_64.rpm     9.4 MB/s | 1.5 MB     00:00    
(13/159): perl-File-Path-2.15-2.el8.noarch.rpm  627 kB/s |  38 kB     00:00    
(14/159): perl-Exporter-5.72-396.el8.noarch.rpm 466 kB/s |  34 kB     00:00    
(15/159): perl-Getopt-Long-2.50-4.el8.noarch.rp 867 kB/s |  63 kB     00:00    
(16/159): perl-File-Temp-0.230.600-1.el8.noarch 648 kB/s |  63 kB     00:00    
(17/159): perl-HTTP-Tiny-0.074-2.el8.noarch.rpm 847 kB/s |  57 kB     00:00    
(18/159): perl-IO-Compress-2.081-1.el8.noarch.r 3.5 MB/s | 258 kB     00:00    
(19/159): perl-IO-1.38-422.el8.x86_64.rpm       1.2 MB/s | 142 kB     00:00    
(20/159): perl-IO-Socket-IP-0.39-5.el8.noarch.r 614 kB/s |  47 kB     00:00    
(21/159): perl-IO-Zlib-1.10-422.el8.noarch.rpm  881 kB/s |  81 kB     00:00    
(22/159): perl-MIME-Base64-3.15-396.el8.x86_64. 425 kB/s |  31 kB     00:00    
(23/159): perl-Math-BigInt-1.9998.11-7.el8.noar 1.5 MB/s | 196 kB     00:00    
(24/159): perl-Math-Complex-1.59-422.el8.noarch 1.5 MB/s | 109 kB     00:00    
(25/159): perl-Pod-Escapes-1.07-395.el8.noarch. 300 kB/s |  20 kB     00:00    
(26/159): perl-PathTools-3.74-1.el8.x86_64.rpm  1.2 MB/s |  90 kB     00:00    
(27/159): perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.28-396.el8.noarch. 1.2 MB/s |  88 kB     00:00    
(28/159): perl-Pod-Simple-3.35-395.el8.noarch.r 2.2 MB/s | 213 kB     00:00    
(29/159): perl-Pod-Usage-1.69-395.el8.noarch.rp 499 kB/s |  34 kB     00:00    
(30/159): perl-Scalar-List-Utils-1.49-2.el8.x86 947 kB/s |  68 kB     00:00    
(31/159): perl-Socket-2.027-3.el8.x86_64.rpm    864 kB/s |  59 kB     00:00    
(32/159): perl-Storable-3.11-3.el8.x86_64.rpm   1.2 MB/s |  98 kB     00:00    
(33/159): perl-Term-ANSIColor-4.06-396.el8.noar 677 kB/s |  46 kB     00:00    
(34/159): perl-Term-Cap-1.17-395.el8.noarch.rpm 321 kB/s |  23 kB     00:00    
(35/159): perl-Text-Diff-1.45-2.el8.noarch.rpm  596 kB/s |  45 kB     00:00    
(36/159): perl-Text-ParseWords-3.30-395.el8.noa 257 kB/s |  18 kB     00:00    
(37/159): perl-Text-Tabs+Wrap-2013.0523-395.el8 351 kB/s |  24 kB     00:00    
(38/159): perl-Time-Local-1.280-1.el8.noarch.rp 440 kB/s |  33 kB     00:00    
(39/159): perl-URI-1.73-3.el8.noarch.rpm        1.6 MB/s | 116 kB     00:00    
(40/159): perl-Unicode-Normalize-1.25-396.el8.x 1.1 MB/s |  82 kB     00:00    
(41/159): perl-constant-1.33-396.el8.noarch.rpm 395 kB/s |  25 kB     00:00    
(42/159): perl-libnet-3.11-3.el8.noarch.rpm     1.8 MB/s | 121 kB     00:00    
(43/159): perl-libs-5.26.3-422.el8.x86_64.rpm    13 MB/s | 1.6 MB     00:00    
(44/159): perl-macros-5.26.3-422.el8.x86_64.rpm 1.1 MB/s |  72 kB     00:00    
(45/159): perl-parent-0.237-1.el8.noarch.rpm    279 kB/s |  20 kB     00:00    
(46/159): perl-podlators-4.11-1.el8.noarch.rpm  1.3 MB/s | 118 kB     00:00    
(47/159): perl-interpreter-5.26.3-422.el8.x86_6  14 MB/s | 6.3 MB     00:00    
(48/159): glibc-gconv-extra-2.28-225.0.3.el8.x8 601 kB/s | 1.5 MB     00:02    
(49/159): perl-threads-2.21-2.el8.x86_64.rpm    876 kB/s |  61 kB     00:00    
(50/159): perl-threads-shared-1.58-2.el8.x86_64 657 kB/s |  48 kB     00:00    
(51/159): python3-pyparsing-2.1.10-7.el8.noarch 2.0 MB/s | 142 kB     00:00    
(52/159): zip-3.0-23.el8.x86_64.rpm             3.7 MB/s | 270 kB     00:00    
(53/159): dwz-0.12-10.el8.x86_64.rpm            1.6 MB/s | 109 kB     00:00    
(54/159): efi-srpm-macros-3-3.0.1.el8.noarch.rp 350 kB/s |  22 kB     00:00    
(55/159): ghc-srpm-macros-1.4.2-7.el8.noarch.rp 125 kB/s | 9.3 kB     00:00    
(56/159): go-srpm-macros-2-17.el8.noarch.rpm    198 kB/s |  13 kB     00:00    
(57/159): ocaml-srpm-macros-5-4.el8.noarch.rpm  154 kB/s | 9.3 kB     00:00    
(58/159): openblas-srpm-macros-2-2.el8.noarch.r 116 kB/s | 7.9 kB     00:00    
(59/159): perl-5.26.3-422.el8.x86_64.rpm        921 kB/s |  73 kB     00:00    
(60/159): perl-Archive-Zip-1.60-3.el8.noarch.rp 1.4 MB/s | 108 kB     00:00    
(61/159): perl-Attribute-Handlers-0.99-422.el8. 1.2 MB/s |  89 kB     00:00    
(62/159): perl-B-Debug-1.26-2.el8.noarch.rpm    356 kB/s |  26 kB     00:00    
(63/159): perl-CPAN-2.18-397.el8.noarch.rpm     5.3 MB/s | 554 kB     00:00    
(64/159): perl-CPAN-Meta-2.150010-396.el8.noarc 2.3 MB/s | 191 kB     00:00    
(65/159): perl-CPAN-Meta-Requirements-2.140-396 512 kB/s |  37 kB     00:00    
(66/159): perl-CPAN-Meta-YAML-0.018-397.el8.noa 508 kB/s |  34 kB     00:00    
(67/159): perl-Compress-Bzip2-2.26-6.el8.x86_64 990 kB/s |  72 kB     00:00    
(68/159): perl-Config-Perl-V-0.30-1.el8.noarch. 337 kB/s |  22 kB     00:00    
(69/159): perl-DB_File-1.842-1.el8.x86_64.rpm   1.2 MB/s |  83 kB     00:00    
(70/159): perl-Data-OptList-0.110-6.el8.noarch. 457 kB/s |  31 kB     00:00    
(71/159): perl-Data-Section-0.200007-3.el8.noar 423 kB/s |  30 kB     00:00    
(72/159): perl-Devel-PPPort-3.36-5.el8.x86_64.r 1.6 MB/s | 118 kB     00:00    
(73/159): perl-Devel-Peek-1.26-422.el8.x86_64.r 960 kB/s |  94 kB     00:00    
(74/159): perl-Devel-SelfStubber-1.06-422.el8.n 831 kB/s |  76 kB     00:00    
(75/159): perl-Devel-Size-0.81-2.el8.x86_64.rpm 510 kB/s |  34 kB     00:00    
(76/159): perl-Digest-SHA-6.02-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 859 kB/s |  66 kB     00:00    
(77/159): perl-Encode-Locale-1.05-10.module+el8 285 kB/s |  22 kB     00:00    
(78/159): perl-Encode-devel-2.97-3.el8.x86_64.r 510 kB/s |  39 kB     00:00    
(79/159): perl-Env-1.04-395.el8.noarch.rpm      321 kB/s |  21 kB     00:00    
(80/159): perl-ExtUtils-CBuilder-0.280230-2.el8 730 kB/s |  48 kB     00:00    
(81/159): perl-ExtUtils-Command-7.34-1.el8.noar 248 kB/s |  19 kB     00:00    
(82/159): perl-ExtUtils-Embed-1.34-422.el8.noar 1.1 MB/s |  79 kB     00:00    
(83/159): perl-ExtUtils-Install-2.14-4.el8.noar 661 kB/s |  46 kB     00:00    
(84/159): perl-ExtUtils-MM-Utils-7.34-1.el8.noa 243 kB/s |  16 kB     00:00    
(85/159): perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker-7.34-1.el8.no 4.0 MB/s | 300 kB     00:00    
(86/159): perl-ExtUtils-Manifest-1.70-395.el8.n 500 kB/s |  36 kB     00:00    
(87/159): perl-ExtUtils-Miniperl-1.06-422.el8.n 1.1 MB/s |  77 kB     00:00    
(88/159): perl-File-HomeDir-1.002-4.el8.noarch. 980 kB/s |  61 kB     00:00    
(89/159): perl-File-Fetch-0.56-2.el8.noarch.rpm 483 kB/s |  33 kB     00:00    
(90/159): perl-ExtUtils-ParseXS-3.35-2.el8.noar 1.1 MB/s |  83 kB     00:00    
(91/159): perl-Filter-Simple-0.94-2.el8.noarch. 417 kB/s |  29 kB     00:00    
(92/159): perl-File-Which-1.22-2.el8.noarch.rpm 312 kB/s |  23 kB     00:00    
(93/159): perl-Filter-1.58-2.el8.x86_64.rpm     1.1 MB/s |  82 kB     00:00    
(94/159): perl-IO-Socket-SSL-2.066-4.module+el8 3.6 MB/s | 298 kB     00:00    
(95/159): perl-IPC-Cmd-1.02-1.el8.noarch.rpm    545 kB/s |  43 kB     00:00    
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(100/159): perl-MRO-Compat-0.13-4.el8.noarch.rp 399 kB/s |  24 kB     00:00    
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(104/159): perl-Math-BigRat-0.2614-1.el8.noarch 560 kB/s |  40 kB     00:00    
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(108/159): perl-Module-CoreList-5.20181130-1.el 1.1 MB/s |  87 kB     00:00    
(109/159): perl-Module-Load-0.32-395.el8.noarch 242 kB/s |  19 kB     00:00    
(110/159): perl-Module-Load-Conditional-0.68-39 316 kB/s |  24 kB     00:00    
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(113/159): perl-Mozilla-CA-20160104-7.0.1.modul 229 kB/s |  15 kB     00:00    
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(116/159): perl-Params-Check-0.38-395.el8.noarc 333 kB/s |  24 kB     00:00    
(117/159): perl-Net-SSLeay-1.88-2.module+el8.6. 4.4 MB/s | 379 kB     00:00    
(118/159): perl-Perl-OSType-1.010-396.el8.noarc 459 kB/s |  29 kB     00:00    
(119/159): perl-Params-Util-1.07-22.el8.x86_64. 656 kB/s |  44 kB     00:00    
(120/159): perl-PerlIO-via-QuotedPrint-0.08-395 206 kB/s |  13 kB     00:00    
(121/159): perl-Pod-Checker-1.73-395.el8.noarch 449 kB/s |  33 kB     00:00    
(122/159): perl-Pod-Parser-1.63-396.el8.noarch. 1.6 MB/s | 108 kB     00:00    
(123/159): perl-Pod-Html-1.22.02-422.el8.noarch 1.1 MB/s |  88 kB     00:00    
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(126/159): perl-Sub-Exporter-0.987-15.el8.noarc 1.0 MB/s |  73 kB     00:00    
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(130/159): perl-Test-1.30-422.el8.noarch.rpm    1.2 MB/s |  90 kB     00:00    
(131/159): perl-Test-Harness-3.42-1.el8.noarch. 3.4 MB/s | 279 kB     00:00    
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(134/159): perl-Text-Balanced-2.03-395.el8.noar 807 kB/s |  58 kB     00:00    
(135/159): perl-Text-Template-1.51-1.el8.noarch 841 kB/s |  64 kB     00:00    
(136/159): perl-Time-HiRes-1.9758-2.el8.x86_64. 855 kB/s |  61 kB     00:00    
(137/159): perl-Thread-Queue-3.13-1.el8.noarch. 319 kB/s |  24 kB     00:00    
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(139/159): perl-autodie-2.29-396.el8.noarch.rpm 1.3 MB/s |  98 kB     00:00    
(140/159): perl-Unicode-Collate-1.25-2.el8.x86_ 7.2 MB/s | 686 kB     00:00    
(141/159): perl-bignum-0.49-2.el8.noarch.rpm    620 kB/s |  43 kB     00:00    
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(144/159): perl-experimental-0.019-2.el8.noarch 327 kB/s |  24 kB     00:00    
(145/159): perl-inc-latest-0.500-9.el8.noarch.r 331 kB/s |  25 kB     00:00    
(146/159): perl-libnetcfg-5.26.3-422.el8.noarch 1.0 MB/s |  78 kB     00:00    
(147/159): perl-local-lib-2.000024-2.el8.noarch 1.1 MB/s |  74 kB     00:00    
(148/159): perl-srpm-macros-1-25.el8.noarch.rpm 157 kB/s |  11 kB     00:00    
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(150/159): perl-perlfaq-5.20180605-1.el8.noarch 4.7 MB/s | 386 kB     00:00    
(151/159): perl-version-0.99.24-1.el8.x86_64.rp 1.0 MB/s |  67 kB     00:00    
(152/159): perl-utils-5.26.3-422.el8.noarch.rpm 1.7 MB/s | 129 kB     00:00    
(153/159): python-rpm-macros-3-45.el8.noarch.rp 219 kB/s |  16 kB     00:00    
(154/159): python3-rpm-macros-3-45.el8.noarch.r 243 kB/s |  15 kB     00:00    
(155/159): python-srpm-macros-3-45.el8.noarch.r 239 kB/s |  16 kB     00:00    
(156/159): qt5-srpm-macros-5.15.3-1.el8.noarch. 132 kB/s |  11 kB     00:00    
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(158/159): redhat-rpm-config-131-1.0.1.el8.noar 1.2 MB/s |  91 kB     00:00    
(159/159): systemtap-sdt-devel-4.9-3.0.1.el8.x8 1.2 MB/s |  88 kB     00:00    
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                           4.6 MB/s |  25 MB     00:05     
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  Verifying        : perl-Data-Dumper-2.167-399.el8.x86_64                9/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Digest-1.17-395.el8.noarch                     10/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Digest-MD5-2.55-396.el8.x86_64                 11/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Encode-4:2.97-3.el8.x86_64                     12/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Errno-1.28-422.el8.x86_64                      13/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Exporter-5.72-396.el8.noarch                   14/159 
  Verifying        : perl-File-Path-2.15-2.el8.noarch                    15/159 
  Verifying        : perl-File-Temp-0.230.600-1.el8.noarch               16/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Getopt-Long-1:2.50-4.el8.noarch                17/159 
  Verifying        : perl-HTTP-Tiny-0.074-2.el8.noarch                   18/159 
  Verifying        : perl-IO-1.38-422.el8.x86_64                         19/159 
  Verifying        : perl-IO-Compress-2.081-1.el8.noarch                 20/159 
  Verifying        : perl-IO-Socket-IP-0.39-5.el8.noarch                 21/159 
  Verifying        : perl-IO-Zlib-1:1.10-422.el8.noarch                  22/159 
  Verifying        : perl-MIME-Base64-3.15-396.el8.x86_64                23/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Math-BigInt-1:1.9998.11-7.el8.noarch           24/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Math-Complex-1.59-422.el8.noarch               25/159 
  Verifying        : perl-PathTools-3.74-1.el8.x86_64                    26/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Pod-Escapes-1:1.07-395.el8.noarch              27/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.28-396.el8.noarch                28/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Pod-Simple-1:3.35-395.el8.noarch               29/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Pod-Usage-4:1.69-395.el8.noarch                30/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Scalar-List-Utils-3:1.49-2.el8.x86_64          31/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Socket-4:2.027-3.el8.x86_64                    32/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Storable-1:3.11-3.el8.x86_64                   33/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Term-ANSIColor-4.06-396.el8.noarch             34/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Term-Cap-1.17-395.el8.noarch                   35/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Text-Diff-1.45-2.el8.noarch                    36/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Text-ParseWords-3.30-395.el8.noarch            37/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Text-Tabs+Wrap-2013.0523-395.el8.noarch        38/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Time-Local-1:1.280-1.el8.noarch                39/159 
  Verifying        : perl-URI-1.73-3.el8.noarch                          40/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Unicode-Normalize-1.25-396.el8.x86_64          41/159 
  Verifying        : perl-constant-1.33-396.el8.noarch                   42/159 
  Verifying        : perl-interpreter-4:5.26.3-422.el8.x86_64            43/159 
  Verifying        : perl-libnet-3.11-3.el8.noarch                       44/159 
  Verifying        : perl-libs-4:5.26.3-422.el8.x86_64                   45/159 
  Verifying        : perl-macros-4:5.26.3-422.el8.x86_64                 46/159 
  Verifying        : perl-parent-1:0.237-1.el8.noarch                    47/159 
  Verifying        : perl-podlators-4.11-1.el8.noarch                    48/159 
  Verifying        : perl-threads-1:2.21-2.el8.x86_64                    49/159 
  Verifying        : perl-threads-shared-1.58-2.el8.x86_64               50/159 
  Verifying        : python3-pyparsing-2.1.10-7.el8.noarch               51/159 
  Verifying        : zip-3.0-23.el8.x86_64                               52/159 
  Verifying        : dwz-0.12-10.el8.x86_64                              53/159 
  Verifying        : efi-srpm-macros-3-3.0.1.el8.noarch                  54/159 
  Verifying        : ghc-srpm-macros-1.4.2-7.el8.noarch                  55/159 
  Verifying        : go-srpm-macros-2-17.el8.noarch                      56/159 
  Verifying        : ocaml-srpm-macros-5-4.el8.noarch                    57/159 
  Verifying        : openblas-srpm-macros-2-2.el8.noarch                 58/159 
  Verifying        : perl-4:5.26.3-422.el8.x86_64                        59/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Archive-Zip-1.60-3.el8.noarch                  60/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Attribute-Handlers-0.99-422.el8.noarch         61/159 
  Verifying        : perl-B-Debug-1.26-2.el8.noarch                      62/159 
  Verifying        : perl-CPAN-2.18-397.el8.noarch                       63/159 
  Verifying        : perl-CPAN-Meta-2.150010-396.el8.noarch              64/159 
  Verifying        : perl-CPAN-Meta-Requirements-2.140-396.el8.noarch    65/159 
  Verifying        : perl-CPAN-Meta-YAML-0.018-397.el8.noarch            66/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Compress-Bzip2-2.26-6.el8.x86_64               67/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Config-Perl-V-0.30-1.el8.noarch                68/159 
  Verifying        : perl-DB_File-1.842-1.el8.x86_64                     69/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Data-OptList-0.110-6.el8.noarch                70/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Data-Section-0.200007-3.el8.noarch             71/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Devel-PPPort-3.36-5.el8.x86_64                 72/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Devel-Peek-1.26-422.el8.x86_64                 73/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Devel-SelfStubber-1.06-422.el8.noarch          74/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Devel-Size-0.81-2.el8.x86_64                   75/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Digest-SHA-1:6.02-1.el8.x86_64                 76/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Encode-Locale-1.05-10.module+el8.3.0+7692+5    77/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Encode-devel-4:2.97-3.el8.x86_64               78/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Env-1.04-395.el8.noarch                        79/159 
  Verifying        : perl-ExtUtils-CBuilder-1:0.280230-2.el8.noarch      80/159 
  Verifying        : perl-ExtUtils-Command-1:7.34-1.el8.noarch           81/159 
  Verifying        : perl-ExtUtils-Embed-1.34-422.el8.noarch             82/159 
  Verifying        : perl-ExtUtils-Install-2.14-4.el8.noarch             83/159 
  Verifying        : perl-ExtUtils-MM-Utils-1:7.34-1.el8.noarch          84/159 
  Verifying        : perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker-1:7.34-1.el8.noarch         85/159 
  Verifying        : perl-ExtUtils-Manifest-1.70-395.el8.noarch          86/159 
  Verifying        : perl-ExtUtils-Miniperl-1.06-422.el8.noarch          87/159 
  Verifying        : perl-ExtUtils-ParseXS-1:3.35-2.el8.noarch           88/159 
  Verifying        : perl-File-Fetch-0.56-2.el8.noarch                   89/159 
  Verifying        : perl-File-HomeDir-1.002-4.el8.noarch                90/159 
  Verifying        : perl-File-Which-1.22-2.el8.noarch                   91/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Filter-2:1.58-2.el8.x86_64                     92/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Filter-Simple-0.94-2.el8.noarch                93/159 
  Verifying        : perl-IO-Socket-SSL-2.066-4.module+el8.6.0+20623+    94/159 
  Verifying        : perl-IPC-Cmd-2:1.02-1.el8.noarch                    95/159 
  Verifying        : perl-IPC-SysV-2.07-397.el8.x86_64                   96/159 
  Verifying        : perl-IPC-System-Simple-1.25-17.el8.noarch           97/159 
  Verifying        : perl-JSON-PP-1:2.97.001-3.el8.noarch                98/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Locale-Codes-3.57-1.el8.noarch                 99/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Locale-Maketext-1.28-396.el8.noarch           100/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Locale-Maketext-Simple-1:0.21-422.el8.noarc   101/159 
  Verifying        : perl-MRO-Compat-0.13-4.el8.noarch                  102/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Math-BigInt-FastCalc-0.500.600-6.el8.x86_64   103/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Math-BigRat-0.2614-1.el8.noarch               104/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Memoize-1.03-422.el8.noarch                   105/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Module-Build-2:0.42.24-5.el8.noarch           106/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Module-CoreList-1:5.20181130-1.el8.noarch     107/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Module-CoreList-tools-1:5.20181130-1.el8.no   108/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Module-Load-1:0.32-395.el8.noarch             109/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Module-Load-Conditional-0.68-395.el8.noarch   110/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Module-Loaded-1:0.08-422.el8.noarch           111/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Module-Metadata-1.000033-395.el8.noarch       112/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Mozilla-CA-20160104-7.0.1.module+el8.3.0+21   113/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Net-Ping-2.55-422.el8.noarch                  114/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Net-SSLeay-1.88-2.module+el8.6.0+20623+f089   115/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Package-Generator-1.106-11.el8.noarch         116/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Params-Check-1:0.38-395.el8.noarch            117/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Params-Util-1.07-22.el8.x86_64                118/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Perl-OSType-1.010-396.el8.noarch              119/159 
  Verifying        : perl-PerlIO-via-QuotedPrint-0.08-395.el8.noarch    120/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Pod-Checker-4:1.73-395.el8.noarch             121/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Pod-Html-1.22.02-422.el8.noarch               122/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Pod-Parser-1.63-396.el8.noarch                123/159 
  Verifying        : perl-SelfLoader-1.23-422.el8.noarch                124/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Software-License-0.103013-2.el8.noarch        125/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Sub-Exporter-0.987-15.el8.noarch              126/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Sub-Install-0.928-14.el8.noarch               127/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Sys-Syslog-0.35-397.el8.x86_64                128/159 
  Verifying        : perl-TermReadKey-2.37-7.el8.x86_64                 129/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Test-1.30-422.el8.noarch                      130/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Test-Harness-1:3.42-1.el8.noarch              131/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Test-Simple-1:1.302135-1.el8.noarch           132/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Text-Balanced-2.03-395.el8.noarch             133/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Text-Glob-0.11-4.el8.noarch                   134/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Text-Template-1.51-1.el8.noarch               135/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Thread-Queue-3.13-1.el8.noarch                136/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Time-HiRes-4:1.9758-2.el8.x86_64              137/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Time-Piece-1.31-422.el8.x86_64                138/159 
  Verifying        : perl-Unicode-Collate-1.25-2.el8.x86_64             139/159 
  Verifying        : perl-autodie-2.29-396.el8.noarch                   140/159 
  Verifying        : perl-bignum-0.49-2.el8.noarch                      141/159 
  Verifying        : perl-devel-4:5.26.3-422.el8.x86_64                 142/159 
  Verifying        : perl-encoding-4:2.22-3.el8.x86_64                  143/159 
  Verifying        : perl-experimental-0.019-2.el8.noarch               144/159 
  Verifying        : perl-inc-latest-2:0.500-9.el8.noarch               145/159 
  Verifying        : perl-libnetcfg-4:5.26.3-422.el8.noarch             146/159 
  Verifying        : perl-local-lib-2.000024-2.el8.noarch               147/159 
  Verifying        : perl-open-1.11-422.el8.noarch                      148/159 
  Verifying        : perl-perlfaq-5.20180605-1.el8.noarch               149/159 
  Verifying        : perl-srpm-macros-1-25.el8.noarch                   150/159 
  Verifying        : perl-utils-5.26.3-422.el8.noarch                   151/159 
  Verifying        : perl-version-6:0.99.24-1.el8.x86_64                152/159 
  Verifying        : python-rpm-macros-3-45.el8.noarch                  153/159 
  Verifying        : python-srpm-macros-3-45.el8.noarch                 154/159 
  Verifying        : python3-rpm-macros-3-45.el8.noarch                 155/159 
  Verifying        : qt5-srpm-macros-5.15.3-1.el8.noarch                156/159 
  Verifying        : redhat-rpm-config-131-1.0.1.el8.noarch             157/159 
  Verifying        : rust-srpm-macros-5-2.el8.noarch                    158/159 
  Verifying        : systemtap-sdt-devel-4.9-3.0.1.el8.x86_64           159/159 
 
Installed:
  dwz-0.12-10.el8.x86_64                                                        
  efi-srpm-macros-3-3.0.1.el8.noarch                                            
  file-5.33-24.el8.x86_64                                                       
  ghc-srpm-macros-1.4.2-7.el8.noarch                                            
  glibc-gconv-extra-2.28-225.0.3.el8.x86_64                                     
  go-srpm-macros-2-17.el8.noarch                                                
  groff-base-1.22.3-18.el8.x86_64                                               
  ocaml-srpm-macros-5-4.el8.noarch                                              
  openblas-srpm-macros-2-2.el8.noarch                                           
  perl-4:5.26.3-422.el8.x86_64                                                  
  perl-Algorithm-Diff-1.1903-9.el8.noarch                                       
  perl-Archive-Tar-2.30-1.el8.noarch                                            
  perl-Archive-Zip-1.60-3.el8.noarch                                            
  perl-Attribute-Handlers-0.99-422.el8.noarch                                   
  perl-B-Debug-1.26-2.el8.noarch                                                
  perl-CPAN-2.18-397.el8.noarch                                                 
  perl-CPAN-Meta-2.150010-396.el8.noarch                                        
  perl-CPAN-Meta-Requirements-2.140-396.el8.noarch                              
  perl-CPAN-Meta-YAML-0.018-397.el8.noarch                                      
  perl-Carp-1.42-396.el8.noarch                                                 
  perl-Compress-Bzip2-2.26-6.el8.x86_64                                         
  perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.081-1.el8.x86_64                                    
  perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.081-1.el8.x86_64                                     
  perl-Config-Perl-V-0.30-1.el8.noarch                                          
  perl-DB_File-1.842-1.el8.x86_64                                               
  perl-Data-Dumper-2.167-399.el8.x86_64                                         
  perl-Data-OptList-0.110-6.el8.noarch                                          
  perl-Data-Section-0.200007-3.el8.noarch                                       
  perl-Devel-PPPort-3.36-5.el8.x86_64                                           
  perl-Devel-Peek-1.26-422.el8.x86_64                                           
  perl-Devel-SelfStubber-1.06-422.el8.noarch                                    
  perl-Devel-Size-0.81-2.el8.x86_64                                             
  perl-Digest-1.17-395.el8.noarch                                               
  perl-Digest-MD5-2.55-396.el8.x86_64                                           
  perl-Digest-SHA-1:6.02-1.el8.x86_64                                           
  perl-Encode-4:2.97-3.el8.x86_64                                               
  perl-Encode-Locale-1.05-10.module+el8.3.0+7692+542c56f9.noarch                
  perl-Encode-devel-4:2.97-3.el8.x86_64                                         
  perl-Env-1.04-395.el8.noarch                                                  
  perl-Errno-1.28-422.el8.x86_64                                                
  perl-Exporter-5.72-396.el8.noarch                                             
  perl-ExtUtils-CBuilder-1:0.280230-2.el8.noarch                                
  perl-ExtUtils-Command-1:7.34-1.el8.noarch                                     
  perl-ExtUtils-Embed-1.34-422.el8.noarch                                       
  perl-ExtUtils-Install-2.14-4.el8.noarch                                       
  perl-ExtUtils-MM-Utils-1:7.34-1.el8.noarch                                    
  perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker-1:7.34-1.el8.noarch                                   
  perl-ExtUtils-Manifest-1.70-395.el8.noarch                                    
  perl-ExtUtils-Miniperl-1.06-422.el8.noarch                                    
  perl-ExtUtils-ParseXS-1:3.35-2.el8.noarch                                     
  perl-File-Fetch-0.56-2.el8.noarch                                             
  perl-File-HomeDir-1.002-4.el8.noarch                                          
  perl-File-Path-2.15-2.el8.noarch                                              
  perl-File-Temp-0.230.600-1.el8.noarch                                         
  perl-File-Which-1.22-2.el8.noarch                                             
  perl-Filter-2:1.58-2.el8.x86_64                                               
  perl-Filter-Simple-0.94-2.el8.noarch                                          
  perl-Getopt-Long-1:2.50-4.el8.noarch                                          
  perl-HTTP-Tiny-0.074-2.el8.noarch                                             
  perl-IO-1.38-422.el8.x86_64                                                   
  perl-IO-Compress-2.081-1.el8.noarch                                           
  perl-IO-Socket-IP-0.39-5.el8.noarch                                           
  perl-IO-Socket-SSL-2.066-4.module+el8.6.0+20623+f0897f98.noarch               
  perl-IO-Zlib-1:1.10-422.el8.noarch                                            
  perl-IPC-Cmd-2:1.02-1.el8.noarch                                              
  perl-IPC-SysV-2.07-397.el8.x86_64                                             
  perl-IPC-System-Simple-1.25-17.el8.noarch                                     
  perl-JSON-PP-1:2.97.001-3.el8.noarch                                          
  perl-Locale-Codes-3.57-1.el8.noarch                                           
  perl-Locale-Maketext-1.28-396.el8.noarch                                      
  perl-Locale-Maketext-Simple-1:0.21-422.el8.noarch                             
  perl-MIME-Base64-3.15-396.el8.x86_64                                          
  perl-MRO-Compat-0.13-4.el8.noarch                                             
  perl-Math-BigInt-1:1.9998.11-7.el8.noarch                                     
  perl-Math-BigInt-FastCalc-0.500.600-6.el8.x86_64                              
  perl-Math-BigRat-0.2614-1.el8.noarch                                          
  perl-Math-Complex-1.59-422.el8.noarch                                         
  perl-Memoize-1.03-422.el8.noarch                                              
  perl-Module-Build-2:0.42.24-5.el8.noarch                                      
  perl-Module-CoreList-1:5.20181130-1.el8.noarch                                
  perl-Module-CoreList-tools-1:5.20181130-1.el8.noarch                          
  perl-Module-Load-1:0.32-395.el8.noarch                                        
  perl-Module-Load-Conditional-0.68-395.el8.noarch                              
  perl-Module-Loaded-1:0.08-422.el8.noarch                                      
  perl-Module-Metadata-1.000033-395.el8.noarch                                  
  perl-Mozilla-CA-20160104-7.0.1.module+el8.3.0+21136+b437fca9.noarch           
  perl-Net-Ping-2.55-422.el8.noarch                                             
  perl-Net-SSLeay-1.88-2.module+el8.6.0+20623+f0897f98.x86_64                   
  perl-Package-Generator-1.106-11.el8.noarch                                    
  perl-Params-Check-1:0.38-395.el8.noarch                                       
  perl-Params-Util-1.07-22.el8.x86_64                                           
  perl-PathTools-3.74-1.el8.x86_64                                              
  perl-Perl-OSType-1.010-396.el8.noarch                                         
  perl-PerlIO-via-QuotedPrint-0.08-395.el8.noarch                               
  perl-Pod-Checker-4:1.73-395.el8.noarch                                        
  perl-Pod-Escapes-1:1.07-395.el8.noarch                                        
  perl-Pod-Html-1.22.02-422.el8.noarch                                          
  perl-Pod-Parser-1.63-396.el8.noarch                                           
  perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.28-396.el8.noarch                                          
  perl-Pod-Simple-1:3.35-395.el8.noarch                                         
  perl-Pod-Usage-4:1.69-395.el8.noarch                                          
  perl-Scalar-List-Utils-3:1.49-2.el8.x86_64                                    
  perl-SelfLoader-1.23-422.el8.noarch                                           
  perl-Socket-4:2.027-3.el8.x86_64                                              
  perl-Software-License-0.103013-2.el8.noarch                                   
  perl-Storable-1:3.11-3.el8.x86_64                                             
  perl-Sub-Exporter-0.987-15.el8.noarch                                         
  perl-Sub-Install-0.928-14.el8.noarch                                          
  perl-Sys-Syslog-0.35-397.el8.x86_64                                           
  perl-Term-ANSIColor-4.06-396.el8.noarch                                       
  perl-Term-Cap-1.17-395.el8.noarch                                             
  perl-TermReadKey-2.37-7.el8.x86_64                                            
  perl-Test-1.30-422.el8.noarch                                                 
  perl-Test-Harness-1:3.42-1.el8.noarch                                         
  perl-Test-Simple-1:1.302135-1.el8.noarch                                      
  perl-Text-Balanced-2.03-395.el8.noarch                                        
  perl-Text-Diff-1.45-2.el8.noarch                                              
  perl-Text-Glob-0.11-4.el8.noarch                                              
  perl-Text-ParseWords-3.30-395.el8.noarch                                      
  perl-Text-Tabs+Wrap-2013.0523-395.el8.noarch                                  
  perl-Text-Template-1.51-1.el8.noarch                                          
  perl-Thread-Queue-3.13-1.el8.noarch                                           
  perl-Time-HiRes-4:1.9758-2.el8.x86_64                                         
  perl-Time-Local-1:1.280-1.el8.noarch                                          
  perl-Time-Piece-1.31-422.el8.x86_64                                           
  perl-URI-1.73-3.el8.noarch                                                    
  perl-Unicode-Collate-1.25-2.el8.x86_64                                        
  perl-Unicode-Normalize-1.25-396.el8.x86_64                                    
  perl-autodie-2.29-396.el8.noarch                                              
  perl-bignum-0.49-2.el8.noarch                                                 
  perl-constant-1.33-396.el8.noarch                                             
  perl-devel-4:5.26.3-422.el8.x86_64                                            
  perl-encoding-4:2.22-3.el8.x86_64                                             
  perl-experimental-0.019-2.el8.noarch                                          
  perl-inc-latest-2:0.500-9.el8.noarch                                          
  perl-interpreter-4:5.26.3-422.el8.x86_64                                      
  perl-libnet-3.11-3.el8.noarch                                                 
  perl-libnetcfg-4:5.26.3-422.el8.noarch                                        
  perl-libs-4:5.26.3-422.el8.x86_64                                             
  perl-local-lib-2.000024-2.el8.noarch                                          
  perl-macros-4:5.26.3-422.el8.x86_64                                           
  perl-open-1.11-422.el8.noarch                                                 
  perl-parent-1:0.237-1.el8.noarch                                              
  perl-perlfaq-5.20180605-1.el8.noarch                                          
  perl-podlators-4.11-1.el8.noarch                                              
  perl-srpm-macros-1-25.el8.noarch                                              
  perl-threads-1:2.21-2.el8.x86_64                                              
  perl-threads-shared-1.58-2.el8.x86_64                                         
  perl-utils-5.26.3-422.el8.noarch                                              
  perl-version-6:0.99.24-1.el8.x86_64                                           
  python-rpm-macros-3-45.el8.noarch                                             
  python-srpm-macros-3-45.el8.noarch                                            
  python3-pyparsing-2.1.10-7.el8.noarch                                         
  python3-rpm-macros-3-45.el8.noarch                                            
  qt5-srpm-macros-5.15.3-1.el8.noarch                                           
  redhat-rpm-config-131-1.0.1.el8.noarch                                        
  rust-srpm-macros-5-2.el8.noarch                                               
  systemtap-sdt-devel-4.9-3.0.1.el8.x86_64                                      
  zip-3.0-23.el8.x86_64                                                         
 
Complete!

I installed the python3 with this command:

dnf install -y python3

Last metadata expiration check: 0:31:49 ago on Thu Dec 21 05:18:09 2023.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package             Arch   Version                     Repository         Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 python36            x86_64 3.6.8-38.module+el8.9.0+90104+968a3e84
                                                        ol8_appstream      18 k
Installing dependencies:
 platform-python-pip noarch 9.0.3-23.el8                ol8_baseos_latest 1.6 M
 python3-pip         noarch 9.0.3-23.el8                ol8_appstream      20 k
 python3-setuptools  noarch 39.2.0-7.el8                ol8_baseos_latest 163 k
Enabling module streams:
 python36                   3.6                                                
 
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  4 Packages
 
Total download size: 1.8 M
Installed size: 7.0 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/4): python3-pip-9.0.3-23.el8.noarch.rpm       61 kB/s |  20 kB     00:00    
(2/4): python36-3.6.8-38.module+el8.9.0+90104+9 229 kB/s |  18 kB     00:00    
(3/4): python3-setuptools-39.2.0-7.el8.noarch.r 335 kB/s | 163 kB     00:00    
(4/4): platform-python-pip-9.0.3-23.el8.noarch. 1.9 MB/s | 1.6 MB     00:00    
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                           2.2 MB/s | 1.8 MB     00:00     
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                        1/1 
  Installing       : python3-setuptools-39.2.0-7.el8.noarch                 1/4 
  Installing       : platform-python-pip-9.0.3-23.el8.noarch                2/4 
  Installing       : python36-3.6.8-38.module+el8.9.0+90104+968a3e84.x86_   3/4 
  Running scriptlet: python36-3.6.8-38.module+el8.9.0+90104+968a3e84.x86_   3/4 
  Installing       : python3-pip-9.0.3-23.el8.noarch                        4/4 
  Running scriptlet: python3-pip-9.0.3-23.el8.noarch                        4/4 
  Verifying        : platform-python-pip-9.0.3-23.el8.noarch                1/4 
  Verifying        : python3-setuptools-39.2.0-7.el8.noarch                 2/4 
  Verifying        : python3-pip-9.0.3-23.el8.noarch                        3/4 
  Verifying        : python36-3.6.8-38.module+el8.9.0+90104+968a3e84.x86_   4/4 
 
Installed:
  platform-python-pip-9.0.3-23.el8.noarch                                       
  python3-pip-9.0.3-23.el8.noarch                                               
  python3-setuptools-39.2.0-7.el8.noarch                                        
  python36-3.6.8-38.module+el8.9.0+90104+968a3e84.x86_64                        
 
Complete!

I installed the git module with this command:

dnf install -y git

Last metadata expiration check: 0:33:00 ago on Thu Dec 21 05:18:09 2023.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package             Arch      Version               Repository            Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 git                 x86_64    2.39.3-1.el8_8        ol8_appstream        104 k
Installing dependencies:
 emacs-filesystem    noarch    1:26.1-11.el8         ol8_baseos_latest     70 k
 git-core            x86_64    2.39.3-1.el8_8        ol8_appstream         11 M
 git-core-doc        noarch    2.39.3-1.el8_8        ol8_appstream        3.0 M
 less                x86_64    530-1.el8             ol8_baseos_latest    164 k
 perl-Error          noarch    1:0.17025-2.el8       ol8_appstream         46 k
 perl-Git            noarch    2.39.3-1.el8_8        ol8_appstream         79 k
 
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  7 Packages
 
Total download size: 14 M
Installed size: 45 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/7): git-2.39.3-1.el8_8.x86_64.rpm            233 kB/s | 104 kB     00:00    
(2/7): emacs-filesystem-26.1-11.el8.noarch.rpm  155 kB/s |  70 kB     00:00    
(3/7): less-530-1.el8.x86_64.rpm                309 kB/s | 164 kB     00:00    
(4/7): perl-Error-0.17025-2.el8.noarch.rpm      519 kB/s |  46 kB     00:00    
(5/7): perl-Git-2.39.3-1.el8_8.noarch.rpm       722 kB/s |  79 kB     00:00    
(6/7): git-core-doc-2.39.3-1.el8_8.noarch.rpm   5.1 MB/s | 3.0 MB     00:00    
(7/7): git-core-2.39.3-1.el8_8.x86_64.rpm        12 MB/s |  11 MB     00:00    
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                            11 MB/s |  14 MB     00:01     
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                        1/1 
  Installing       : perl-Error-1:0.17025-2.el8.noarch                      1/7 
  Installing       : less-530-1.el8.x86_64                                  2/7 
  Installing       : git-core-2.39.3-1.el8_8.x86_64                         3/7 
  Installing       : git-core-doc-2.39.3-1.el8_8.noarch                     4/7 
  Installing       : emacs-filesystem-1:26.1-11.el8.noarch                  5/7 
  Installing       : perl-Git-2.39.3-1.el8_8.noarch                         6/7 
  Installing       : git-2.39.3-1.el8_8.x86_64                              7/7 
  Running scriptlet: git-2.39.3-1.el8_8.x86_64                              7/7 
  Verifying        : emacs-filesystem-1:26.1-11.el8.noarch                  1/7 
  Verifying        : less-530-1.el8.x86_64                                  2/7 
  Verifying        : git-2.39.3-1.el8_8.x86_64                              3/7 
  Verifying        : git-core-2.39.3-1.el8_8.x86_64                         4/7 
  Verifying        : git-core-doc-2.39.3-1.el8_8.noarch                     5/7 
  Verifying        : perl-Error-1:0.17025-2.el8.noarch                      6/7 
  Verifying        : perl-Git-2.39.3-1.el8_8.noarch                         7/7 
 
Installed:
  emacs-filesystem-1:26.1-11.el8.noarch    git-2.39.3-1.el8_8.x86_64            
  git-core-2.39.3-1.el8_8.x86_64           git-core-doc-2.39.3-1.el8_8.noarch   
  less-530-1.el8.x86_64                    perl-Error-1:0.17025-2.el8.noarch    
  perl-Git-2.39.3-1.el8_8.noarch          
 
Complete!

I installed the epel-release container with this command:

dnf install -y epel-release

Last metadata expiration check: 0:40:34 ago on Thu Dec 21 05:18:09 2023.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package                    Arch      Version        Repository            Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 oracle-epel-release-el8    x86_64    1.0-5.el8      ol8_baseos_latest     15 k
 
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  1 Package
 
Total download size: 15 k
Installed size: 18 k
Downloading Packages:
oracle-epel-release-el8-1.0-5.el8.x86_64.rpm     49 kB/s |  15 kB     00:00    
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                            49 kB/s |  15 kB     00:00     
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                        1/1 
  Installing       : oracle-epel-release-el8-1.0-5.el8.x86_64               1/1 
  Verifying        : oracle-epel-release-el8-1.0-5.el8.x86_64               1/1 
 
Installed:
  oracle-epel-release-el8-1.0-5.el8.x86_64                                      
 
Complete!

After installing all of these, you’re now ready to install the core rlwrap utility program. Like the other installations, you use:

dnf install -y rlwrap

Oracle Linux 8 EPEL Packages for Development (x  15 MB/s |  58 MB     00:03    
Oracle Linux 8 EPEL Modular Packages for Develo 404 kB/s | 322 kB     00:00    
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package             Arch       Version            Repository              Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 rlwrap              x86_64     0.46.1-1.el8       ol8_developer_EPEL     140 k
Installing dependencies:
 perl-File-Slurp     noarch     9999.19-19.el8     ol8_appstream           47 k
 
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  2 Packages
 
Total download size: 186 k
Installed size: 426 k
Downloading Packages:
(1/2): perl-File-Slurp-9999.19-19.el8.noarch.rp  94 kB/s |  47 kB     00:00    
(2/2): rlwrap-0.46.1-1.el8.x86_64.rpm           242 kB/s | 140 kB     00:00    
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                           321 kB/s | 186 kB     00:00     
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                        1/1 
  Installing       : perl-File-Slurp-9999.19-19.el8.noarch                  1/2 
  Installing       : rlwrap-0.46.1-1.el8.x86_64                             2/2 
  Running scriptlet: rlwrap-0.46.1-1.el8.x86_64                             2/2 
  Verifying        : rlwrap-0.46.1-1.el8.x86_64                             1/2 
  Verifying        : perl-File-Slurp-9999.19-19.el8.noarch                  2/2 
 
Installed:
  perl-File-Slurp-9999.19-19.el8.noarch        rlwrap-0.46.1-1.el8.x86_64       
 
Complete!

At this point, you need to create a sandboxed user account for the Docker instance because as a developer using the root user for simple tasks is a bad idea. While you could do this with a Docker command, the Oracle 23c Free edition raised a lock on the /etc/group file when I tried it. Naturally, that’s not a problem because you can connect as the root user with this syntax:

docker exec -it -u root oracle23c bash

As the root user, create a student account as a developer account in the Oracle 23c Free container:

useradd -u 501 -g dba -G users -d /home/student -s /bin/bash/ -c "Student" -n student

You’ll be unable to leverage the tnsnames.ora file unless you alter the prior command to replace dba with oinstall or add the following command:

usermod -a -G oinstall student

Exit the Oracle 23c Free container as the root user and reconnect as the student user with this syntax:

docker exec -it --user student oracle23c bash

While you’re connected as the root user, you should create an upload directory as a subdirectory of the $ORACLE_BASE directory. The $ORACLE_BASE directory in the Oracle Database 23c Free Docker image is the /opt/oracle directory.

You should use the following syntax to create the upload directory and change its permission to that of the Oracle Database 23c Free installation (for a future blog post on developing external table deployment on the Docker image):

mkdir /opt/oracle
chown -R oracle:install /opt/oracle/upload

You also can add the following student function to the Ubuntu student user’s .bashrc file. It means all you need to type to connect to the Oracle Database 23c Free Docker instance is “student“. I like shortcuts like this one, which let you leverage one-line Python commands.

student () 
{
    # Discover the fully qualified program name. 
    path=`which docker 2>/dev/null`
    file=''
 
    # Parse the program name from the path.
    if [ -n ${path} ]; then
        file=${path##/*/}
    fi
 
    # Wrap when there is a file and it is rewrap.
    if [ -n ${file} ] && [[ ${file} = "docker" ]]; then
        python -c "import subprocess; subprocess.run(['docker exec -it --user student oracle23c bash'], shell=True)" 
    else
        echo "Docker is unavailable: Install the docker package."
    fi
}

Open a Ubuntu Terminal shell and type a student function name to connect to the Docker Oracle Database 23c Free instance where you can now test things like external tables with the SQL*Plus command line without installing it on the Ubuntu local operating system.

student@student-virtual-machine:~$ student
[student@d28375f0c43f ~]$ sqlplus c##student/student@free
 
SQL*Plus: Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Jan 3 02:14:22 2024
Version 23.3.0.23.09
 
Copyright (c) 1982, 2023, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
 
Last Successful login time: Wed Jan 03 2024 01:56:44 +00:00
 
Connected to:
Oracle Database 23c Free Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Develop, Learn, and Run for Free
Version 23.3.0.23.09
 
SQL>

Then, I added this sqlplus function to the /home/student/.bashrc file, which is owned by the student user. However, I also added the instruction to change to the student user’s home directory because the Oracle 23c Free container will connect you to the /home/oracle directory by default. I also added the default long list (ll) alias to the .bashrc file.

sqlplus () 
{
    # Discover the fully qualified program name. 
    path=`which rlwrap 2>/dev/null`
    file=''
 
    # Parse the program name from the path.
    if [ -n ${path} ]; then
        file=${path##/*/}
    fi;
 
    # Wrap when there is a file and it is rewrap.
    if [ -n ${file} ] && [[ ${file} = "rlwrap" ]]; then
        rlwrap sqlplus "${@}"
    else
        echo "Command-line history unavailable: Install the rlwrap package."
        $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus "${@}"
    fi
}
 
# Change to the user's home directory.
cd ${HOME}
 
# Create a long list alias:
alias ll='ls -l --color=auto'

After you’ve configured your student user, you can configure the oracle user account to work like a regular server. Exit the Docker Oracle Database 23c Free as the student user, then connect as the root user with this command:

docker exec -it -u root oracle23c bash

As the root user you can become the oracle user with the following command:

su - oracle

Now, add the following .bashrc shell in the /home/oracle directory:

# The oracle user's .bashrc
 
# Source global definitions
if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
	. /etc/bashrc
fi
 
# User specific environment
if ! [[ "$PATH" =~ "$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin:" ]]
then
    PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin:$PATH"
fi
export PATH
 
# Uncomment the following line if you don't like systemctl's auto-paging feature:
# export SYSTEMD_PAGER=
 
# User specific aliases and functions
export ORACLE_SID=FREE
export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/23c/dbhomeFree
export PATH=$PATH:/$ORACLE_HOME/bin
 
# Change to the user's home directory.
cd ${HOME}
 
# Create a long list alias:
alias ll='ls -l --color=auto'
 
sqlplus () 
{
    # Discover the fully qualified program name. 
    path=`which rlwrap 2>/dev/null`
    file=''
 
    # Parse the program name from the path.
    if [ -n ${path} ]; then
        file=${path##/*/}
    fi;
 
    # Wrap when there is a file and it is rewrap.
    if [ -n ${file} ] && [[ ${file} = "rlwrap" ]]; then
        rlwrap sqlplus "${@}"
    else
        echo "Command-line history unavailable: Install the rlwrap package."
        $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus "${@}"
    fi
}

You need to manually source the .bashrc for the oracle user because it’s not an externally available user. Use this syntax to connect as the internal user:

sqlplus / as sysdba

It’ll display:

SQL*Plus: RELEASE 23.0.0.0.0 - Production ON Wed Jan 3 07:08:11 2024
Version 23.3.0.23.09
 
Copyright (c) 1982, 2023, Oracle.  ALL rights reserved.
 
 
Connected TO:
Oracle DATABASE 23c Free RELEASE 23.0.0.0.0 - Develop, Learn, AND Run FOR Free
Version 23.3.0.23.09
 
SQL>

After all this, I can now click the “up arrow” to edit any of the sqlplus command history. If you like to work inside sqlplus natively, this should help you.

This shows you how to get Python working with the Oracle Database 23c in Docker or Podman on Ubuntu. You can find useful connection strings for this in Oracle Database Free Get Started.

1. First step requires you to install the pip3/span> utility on Ubuntu.

   sudo apt install -y python3-pip

   sudo apt install -y python3-pip

   Display detailed console log →

   Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: binutils binutils-common binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu build-essential dpkg-dev fakeroot g++ g++-11 gcc gcc-11 javascript-common libalgorithm-diff-perl libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libalgorithm-merge-perl libasan6 libbinutils libc-dev-bin libc-devtools libc6-dev libcc1-0 libcrypt-dev libctf-nobfd0 libctf0 libdpkg-perl libexpat1-dev libfakeroot libfile-fcntllock-perl libgcc-11-dev libitm1 libjs-jquery libjs-sphinxdoc libjs-underscore liblsan0 libnsl-dev libpython3-dev libpython3.10-dev libquadmath0 libstdc++-11-dev libtirpc-dev libtsan0 libubsan1 linux-libc-dev lto-disabled-list make manpages-dev python3-dev python3-distutils python3-setuptools python3-wheel python3.10-dev rpcsvc-proto zlib1g-dev Suggested packages: binutils-doc debian-keyring g++-multilib g++-11-multilib gcc-11-doc gcc-multilib autoconf automake libtool flex bison gcc-doc gcc-11-multilib gcc-11-locales apache2 | lighttpd | httpd glibc-doc bzr libstdc++-11-doc make-doc python-setuptools-doc The following NEW packages will be installed: binutils binutils-common binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu build-essential dpkg-dev fakeroot g++ g++-11 gcc gcc-11 javascript-common libalgorithm-diff-perl libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libalgorithm-merge-perl libasan6 libbinutils libc-dev-bin libc-devtools libc6-dev libcc1-0 libcrypt-dev libctf-nobfd0 libctf0 libdpkg-perl libexpat1-dev libfakeroot libfile-fcntllock-perl libgcc-11-dev libitm1 libjs-jquery libjs-sphinxdoc libjs-underscore liblsan0 libnsl-dev libpython3-dev libpython3.10-dev libquadmath0 libstdc++-11-dev libtirpc-dev libtsan0 libubsan1 linux-libc-dev lto-disabled-list make manpages-dev python3-dev python3-distutils python3-pip python3-setuptools python3-wheel python3.10-dev rpcsvc-proto zlib1g-dev 0 upgraded, 53 newly installed, 0 to remove and 9 not upgraded. Need to get 62.2 MB of archives. After this operation, 220 MB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 binutils-common amd64 2.38-4ubuntu2.3 [222 kB] Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libbinutils amd64 2.38-4ubuntu2.3 [662 kB] Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libctf-nobfd0 amd64 2.38-4ubuntu2.3 [107 kB] Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libctf0 amd64 2.38-4ubuntu2.3 [103 kB] Get:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu amd64 2.38-4ubuntu2.3 [2,327 kB] Get:6 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 binutils amd64 2.38-4ubuntu2.3 [3,190 B] Get:7 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libc-dev-bin amd64 2.35-0ubuntu3.5 [20.3 kB] Get:8 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 linux-libc-dev amd64 5.15.0-91.101 [1,332 kB] Get:9 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libcrypt-dev amd64 1:4.4.27-1 [112 kB] Get:10 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 rpcsvc-proto amd64 1.4.2-0ubuntu6 [68.5 kB] Get:11 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libtirpc-dev amd64 1.3.2-2ubuntu0.1 [192 kB] Get:12 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libnsl-dev amd64 1.3.0-2build2 [71.3 kB] Get:13 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libc6-dev amd64 2.35-0ubuntu3.5 [2,098 kB] Get:14 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libcc1-0 amd64 12.3.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 [48.3 kB] Get:15 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libitm1 amd64 12.3.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 [30.2 kB] Get:16 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libasan6 amd64 11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 [2,282 kB] Get:17 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 liblsan0 amd64 12.3.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 [1,069 kB] Get:18 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libtsan0 amd64 11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 [2,260 kB] Get:19 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libubsan1 amd64 12.3.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 [976 kB] Get:20 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libquadmath0 amd64 12.3.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 [154 kB] Get:21 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libgcc-11-dev amd64 11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 [2,517 kB] Get:22 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 gcc-11 amd64 11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 [20.1 MB] Get:23 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 gcc amd64 4:11.2.0-1ubuntu1 [5,112 B] Get:24 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libstdc++-11-dev amd64 11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 [2,101 kB] Get:25 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 g++-11 amd64 11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 [11.4 MB] Get:26 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 g++ amd64 4:11.2.0-1ubuntu1 [1,412 B] Get:27 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 make amd64 4.3-4.1build1 [180 kB] Get:28 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libdpkg-perl all 1.21.1ubuntu2.2 [237 kB] Get:29 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 lto-disabled-list all 24 [12.5 kB] Get:30 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 dpkg-dev all 1.21.1ubuntu2.2 [922 kB] Get:31 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 build-essential amd64 12.9ubuntu3 [4,744 B] Get:32 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libfakeroot amd64 1.28-1ubuntu1 [31.5 kB] Get:33 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 fakeroot amd64 1.28-1ubuntu1 [60.4 kB] Get:34 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 javascript-common all 11+nmu1 [5,936 B] Get:35 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libalgorithm-diff-perl all 1.201-1 [41.8 kB] Get:36 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl amd64 0.04-6build3 [11.9 kB] Get:37 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libalgorithm-merge-perl all 0.08-3 [12.0 kB] Get:38 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libc-devtools amd64 2.35-0ubuntu3.5 [28.9 kB] Get:39 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libexpat1-dev amd64 2.4.7-1ubuntu0.2 [147 kB] Get:40 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libfile-fcntllock-perl amd64 0.22-3build7 [33.9 kB] Get:41 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libjs-jquery all 3.6.0+dfsg+~3.5.13-1 [321 kB] Get:42 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libjs-underscore all 1.13.2~dfsg-2 [118 kB] Get:43 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libjs-sphinxdoc all 4.3.2-1 [139 kB] Get:44 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 zlib1g-dev amd64 1:1.2.11.dfsg-2ubuntu9.2 [164 kB] Get:45 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libpython3.10-dev amd64 3.10.12-1~22.04.3 [4,762 kB] Get:46 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libpython3-dev amd64 3.10.6-1~22.04 [7,166 B] Get:47 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 manpages-dev all 5.10-1ubuntu1 [2,309 kB] Get:48 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 python3.10-dev amd64 3.10.12-1~22.04.3 [507 kB] Get:49 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 python3-distutils all 3.10.8-1~22.04 [139 kB] Get:50 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 python3-dev amd64 3.10.6-1~22.04 [26.0 kB] Get:51 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 python3-setuptools all 59.6.0-1.2ubuntu0.22.04.1 [339 kB] Get:52 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe amd64 python3-wheel all 0.37.1-2ubuntu0.22.04.1 [32.0 kB] Get:53 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe amd64 python3-pip all 22.0.2+dfsg-1ubuntu0.4 [1,305 kB] Fetched 62.2 MB in 35s (1,781 kB/s) Extracting templates from packages: 100% Selecting previously unselected package binutils-common:amd64. (Reading database ... 221117 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../00-binutils-common_2.38-4ubuntu2.3_amd64.deb ... Unpacking binutils-common:amd64 (2.38-4ubuntu2.3) ... Selecting previously unselected package libbinutils:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../01-libbinutils_2.38-4ubuntu2.3_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libbinutils:amd64 (2.38-4ubuntu2.3) ... Selecting previously unselected package libctf-nobfd0:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../02-libctf-nobfd0_2.38-4ubuntu2.3_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libctf-nobfd0:amd64 (2.38-4ubuntu2.3) ... Selecting previously unselected package libctf0:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../03-libctf0_2.38-4ubuntu2.3_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libctf0:amd64 (2.38-4ubuntu2.3) ... Selecting previously unselected package binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu. Preparing to unpack .../04-binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu_2.38-4ubuntu2.3_amd64.deb ... Unpacking binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu (2.38-4ubuntu2.3) ... Selecting previously unselected package binutils. 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Setting up binutils-common:amd64 (2.38-4ubuntu2.3) ... Setting up linux-libc-dev:amd64 (5.15.0-91.101) ... Setting up libctf-nobfd0:amd64 (2.38-4ubuntu2.3) ... Setting up python3-wheel (0.37.1-2ubuntu0.22.04.1) ... Setting up libfakeroot:amd64 (1.28-1ubuntu1) ... Setting up libasan6:amd64 (11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04) ... Setting up fakeroot (1.28-1ubuntu1) ... update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/fakeroot-sysv to provide /usr/bin/fakeroot (fakeroot) in auto mode Setting up libtirpc-dev:amd64 (1.3.2-2ubuntu0.1) ... Setting up rpcsvc-proto (1.4.2-0ubuntu6) ... Setting up make (4.3-4.1build1) ... Setting up libquadmath0:amd64 (12.3.0-1ubuntu1~22.04) ... Setting up python3-pip (22.0.2+dfsg-1ubuntu0.4) ... Setting up libdpkg-perl (1.21.1ubuntu2.2) ... Setting up libubsan1:amd64 (12.3.0-1ubuntu1~22.04) ... Setting up libnsl-dev:amd64 (1.3.0-2build2) ... Setting up libcrypt-dev:amd64 (1:4.4.27-1) ... Setting up libjs-jquery (3.6.0+dfsg+~3.5.13-1) ... Setting up libbinutils:amd64 (2.38-4ubuntu2.3) ... Setting up libc-dev-bin (2.35-0ubuntu3.5) ... Setting up libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl (0.04-6build3) ... Setting up libcc1-0:amd64 (12.3.0-1ubuntu1~22.04) ... Setting up liblsan0:amd64 (12.3.0-1ubuntu1~22.04) ... Setting up libitm1:amd64 (12.3.0-1ubuntu1~22.04) ... Setting up libc-devtools (2.35-0ubuntu3.5) ... Setting up libjs-underscore (1.13.2~dfsg-2) ... Setting up libalgorithm-merge-perl (0.08-3) ... Setting up libtsan0:amd64 (11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04) ... Setting up libctf0:amd64 (2.38-4ubuntu2.3) ... Setting up libjs-sphinxdoc (4.3.2-1) ... Setting up libgcc-11-dev:amd64 (11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04) ... Setting up libc6-dev:amd64 (2.35-0ubuntu3.5) ... Setting up binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu (2.38-4ubuntu2.3) ... Setting up binutils (2.38-4ubuntu2.3) ... Setting up dpkg-dev (1.21.1ubuntu2.2) ... Setting up libexpat1-dev:amd64 (2.4.7-1ubuntu0.2) ... Setting up libstdc++-11-dev:amd64 (11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04) ... Setting up zlib1g-dev:amd64 (1:1.2.11.dfsg-2ubuntu9.2) ... Setting up gcc-11 (11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04) ... Setting up g++-11 (11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04) ... Setting up gcc (4:11.2.0-1ubuntu1) ... Setting up libpython3.10-dev:amd64 (3.10.12-1~22.04.3) ... Setting up python3.10-dev (3.10.12-1~22.04.3) ... Setting up g++ (4:11.2.0-1ubuntu1) ... update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/g++ to provide /usr/bin/c++ (c++) in auto mode Setting up build-essential (12.9ubuntu3) ... Setting up libpython3-dev:amd64 (3.10.6-1~22.04) ... Setting up python3-dev (3.10.6-1~22.04) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.35-0ubuntu3.5) ...

   Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: binutils binutils-common binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu build-essential dpkg-dev fakeroot g++ g++-11 gcc gcc-11 javascript-common libalgorithm-diff-perl libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libalgorithm-merge-perl libasan6 libbinutils libc-dev-bin libc-devtools libc6-dev libcc1-0 libcrypt-dev libctf-nobfd0 libctf0 libdpkg-perl libexpat1-dev libfakeroot libfile-fcntllock-perl libgcc-11-dev libitm1 libjs-jquery libjs-sphinxdoc libjs-underscore liblsan0 libnsl-dev libpython3-dev libpython3.10-dev libquadmath0 libstdc++-11-dev libtirpc-dev libtsan0 libubsan1 linux-libc-dev lto-disabled-list make manpages-dev python3-dev python3-distutils python3-setuptools python3-wheel python3.10-dev rpcsvc-proto zlib1g-dev Suggested packages: binutils-doc debian-keyring g++-multilib g++-11-multilib gcc-11-doc gcc-multilib autoconf automake libtool flex bison gcc-doc gcc-11-multilib gcc-11-locales apache2 | lighttpd | httpd glibc-doc bzr libstdc++-11-doc make-doc python-setuptools-doc The following NEW packages will be installed: binutils binutils-common binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu build-essential dpkg-dev fakeroot g++ g++-11 gcc gcc-11 javascript-common libalgorithm-diff-perl libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libalgorithm-merge-perl libasan6 libbinutils libc-dev-bin libc-devtools libc6-dev libcc1-0 libcrypt-dev libctf-nobfd0 libctf0 libdpkg-perl libexpat1-dev libfakeroot libfile-fcntllock-perl libgcc-11-dev libitm1 libjs-jquery libjs-sphinxdoc libjs-underscore liblsan0 libnsl-dev libpython3-dev libpython3.10-dev libquadmath0 libstdc++-11-dev libtirpc-dev libtsan0 libubsan1 linux-libc-dev lto-disabled-list make manpages-dev python3-dev python3-distutils python3-pip python3-setuptools python3-wheel python3.10-dev rpcsvc-proto zlib1g-dev 0 upgraded, 53 newly installed, 0 to remove and 9 not upgraded. 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Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 binutils-common amd64 2.38-4ubuntu2.3 [222 kB] Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libbinutils amd64 2.38-4ubuntu2.3 [662 kB] Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libctf-nobfd0 amd64 2.38-4ubuntu2.3 [107 kB] Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libctf0 amd64 2.38-4ubuntu2.3 [103 kB] Get:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu amd64 2.38-4ubuntu2.3 [2,327 kB] Get:6 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 binutils amd64 2.38-4ubuntu2.3 [3,190 B] Get:7 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libc-dev-bin amd64 2.35-0ubuntu3.5 [20.3 kB] Get:8 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 linux-libc-dev amd64 5.15.0-91.101 [1,332 kB] Get:9 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libcrypt-dev amd64 1:4.4.27-1 [112 kB] Get:10 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 rpcsvc-proto amd64 1.4.2-0ubuntu6 [68.5 kB] Get:11 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libtirpc-dev amd64 1.3.2-2ubuntu0.1 [192 kB] Get:12 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libnsl-dev amd64 1.3.0-2build2 [71.3 kB] Get:13 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libc6-dev amd64 2.35-0ubuntu3.5 [2,098 kB] Get:14 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libcc1-0 amd64 12.3.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 [48.3 kB] Get:15 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libitm1 amd64 12.3.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 [30.2 kB] Get:16 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libasan6 amd64 11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 [2,282 kB] Get:17 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 liblsan0 amd64 12.3.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 [1,069 kB] Get:18 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libtsan0 amd64 11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 [2,260 kB] Get:19 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libubsan1 amd64 12.3.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 [976 kB] Get:20 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libquadmath0 amd64 12.3.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 [154 kB] Get:21 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libgcc-11-dev amd64 11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 [2,517 kB] Get:22 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 gcc-11 amd64 11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 [20.1 MB] Get:23 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 gcc amd64 4:11.2.0-1ubuntu1 [5,112 B] Get:24 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libstdc++-11-dev amd64 11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 [2,101 kB] Get:25 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 g++-11 amd64 11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 [11.4 MB] Get:26 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 g++ amd64 4:11.2.0-1ubuntu1 [1,412 B] Get:27 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 make amd64 4.3-4.1build1 [180 kB] Get:28 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libdpkg-perl all 1.21.1ubuntu2.2 [237 kB] Get:29 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 lto-disabled-list all 24 [12.5 kB] Get:30 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 dpkg-dev all 1.21.1ubuntu2.2 [922 kB] Get:31 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 build-essential amd64 12.9ubuntu3 [4,744 B] Get:32 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libfakeroot amd64 1.28-1ubuntu1 [31.5 kB] Get:33 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 fakeroot amd64 1.28-1ubuntu1 [60.4 kB] Get:34 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 javascript-common all 11+nmu1 [5,936 B] Get:35 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libalgorithm-diff-perl all 1.201-1 [41.8 kB] Get:36 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl amd64 0.04-6build3 [11.9 kB] Get:37 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libalgorithm-merge-perl all 0.08-3 [12.0 kB] Get:38 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libc-devtools amd64 2.35-0ubuntu3.5 [28.9 kB] Get:39 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libexpat1-dev amd64 2.4.7-1ubuntu0.2 [147 kB] Get:40 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libfile-fcntllock-perl amd64 0.22-3build7 [33.9 kB] Get:41 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libjs-jquery all 3.6.0+dfsg+~3.5.13-1 [321 kB] Get:42 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libjs-underscore all 1.13.2~dfsg-2 [118 kB] Get:43 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libjs-sphinxdoc all 4.3.2-1 [139 kB] Get:44 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 zlib1g-dev amd64 1:1.2.11.dfsg-2ubuntu9.2 [164 kB] Get:45 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libpython3.10-dev amd64 3.10.12-1~22.04.3 [4,762 kB] Get:46 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 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2. Second step requires that you pip3 install the oracledb library:

   sudo pip3 install oracledb --upgrade

   sudo pip3 install oracledb --upgrade

   Display detailed console log →

   Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable Collecting oracledb Downloading oracledb-1.4.2-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (8.6 MB) ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 8.6/8.6 MB 2.7 MB/s eta 0:00:00 Requirement already satisfied: cryptography>=3.2.1 in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (from oracledb) (3.4.8) Installing collected packages: oracledb Successfully installed oracledb-1.4.2

   Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable Collecting oracledb Downloading oracledb-1.4.2-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (8.6 MB) ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 8.6/8.6 MB 2.7 MB/s eta 0:00:00 Requirement already satisfied: cryptography>=3.2.1 in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (from oracledb) (3.4.8) Installing collected packages: oracledb Successfully installed oracledb-1.4.2

3. Third step requires you write a Python program to test your connection to Oracle Database 23c Free, like:

   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

   #!/usr/bin/python   # Import the Oracle library. import oracledb   try: # Create a connection to local Docker or Podman installation. db = oracledb.connect(user='c##student', password='student', dsn='localhost:51521/FREE')   # Print a connection message. print("Connected to the Oracle", db.version, "database.")   except oracledb.DatabaseError as e: error, = e.args print(sys.stderr, "Oracle-Error-Code:", error.code) print(sys.stderr, "Oracle-Error-Message:", error.message)   finally: # Close connection. db.close()

   #!/usr/bin/python # Import the Oracle library. import oracledb try: # Create a connection to local Docker or Podman installation. db = oracledb.connect(user='c##student', password='student', dsn='localhost:51521/FREE') # Print a connection message. print("Connected to the Oracle", db.version, "database.") except oracledb.DatabaseError as e: error, = e.args print(sys.stderr, "Oracle-Error-Code:", error.code) print(sys.stderr, "Oracle-Error-Message:", error.message) finally: # Close connection. db.close()

   The 51521 port is the recommended port when setting up Docker or Podman services, however, it can be set to any port above 1024.

   It should print:

   Connected to the Oracle 23.3.0.23.9 database.

   Connected to the Oracle 23.3.0.23.9 database.

4. Fourth step requires you write a Python program to test querying data from an Oracle Database 23c Free instance. I created the following avenger table and seeded it with six Avengers.

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   /* Conditionally drop the table. */ DROP TABLE IF EXISTS avenger;   /* Create the table. */ CREATE TABLE avenger ( avenger_id NUMBER , first_name VARCHAR2(20) , last_name VARCHAR2(20) , character_name VARCHAR2(20));   /* Seed the table with data. */ INSERT INTO avenger VALUES (1,'Anthony','Stark','Iron Man'); INSERT INTO avenger VALUES (2,'Thor','Odinson','God of Thunder'); INSERT INTO avenger VALUES (3,'Steven','Rogers','Captain America'); INSERT INTO avenger VALUES (4,'Bruce','Banner','Hulk'); INSERT INTO avenger VALUES (5,'Clinton','Barton','Hawkeye'); INSERT INTO avenger VALUES (6,'Natasha','Romanoff','Black Widow');

   /* Conditionally drop the table. */ DROP TABLE IF EXISTS avenger; /* Create the table. */ CREATE TABLE avenger ( avenger_id NUMBER , first_name VARCHAR2(20) , last_name VARCHAR2(20) , character_name VARCHAR2(20)); /* Seed the table with data. */ INSERT INTO avenger VALUES (1,'Anthony','Stark','Iron Man'); INSERT INTO avenger VALUES (2,'Thor','Odinson','God of Thunder'); INSERT INTO avenger VALUES (3,'Steven','Rogers','Captain America'); INSERT INTO avenger VALUES (4,'Bruce','Banner','Hulk'); INSERT INTO avenger VALUES (5,'Clinton','Barton','Hawkeye'); INSERT INTO avenger VALUES (6,'Natasha','Romanoff','Black Widow');

   Then, I extended the program logic to include a cursor and for loop to read the values from the avenger table:

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   #!/usr/bin/python   # Import the Oracle library. import oracledb   try: # Create a connection to local Docker or Podman installation. db = oracledb.connect(user='c##student', password='student', dsn='localhost:51521/FREE')   # Create a cursor. cursor = db.cursor()   # Execute a query. cursor.execute("SELECT character_name " + ", first_name " + ", last_name " + "FROM avenger " + "ORDER BY character_name")   # Read the contents of the cursor. for row in cursor: print(row[0] + ':',row[2] + ',',row[1])   except oracledb.DatabaseError as e: error, = e.args print(sys.stderr, "Oracle-Error-Code:", error.code) print(sys.stderr, "Oracle-Error-Message:", error.message)   finally: # Close cursor and connection. cursor.close() db.close()

   #!/usr/bin/python # Import the Oracle library. import oracledb try: # Create a connection to local Docker or Podman installation. db = oracledb.connect(user='c##student', password='student', dsn='localhost:51521/FREE') # Create a cursor. cursor = db.cursor() # Execute a query. cursor.execute("SELECT character_name " + ", first_name " + ", last_name " + "FROM avenger " + "ORDER BY character_name") # Read the contents of the cursor. for row in cursor: print(row[0] + ':',row[2] + ',',row[1]) except oracledb.DatabaseError as e: error, = e.args print(sys.stderr, "Oracle-Error-Code:", error.code) print(sys.stderr, "Oracle-Error-Message:", error.message) finally: # Close cursor and connection. cursor.close() db.close()

   The 51521 port is the recommended port when setting up Docker or Podman services, however, it can be set to any port above 1024.

   It should print:

   Black Widow: Romanoff, Natasha Captain America: Rogers, Steven God of Thunder: Odinson, Thor Hawkeye: Barton, Clinton Hulk: Banner, Bruce Iron Man: Stark, Anthony

   Black Widow: Romanoff, Natasha Captain America: Rogers, Steven God of Thunder: Odinson, Thor Hawkeye: Barton, Clinton Hulk: Banner, Bruce Iron Man: Stark, Anthony

5. Fifth step requires you write a Python program to test querying data filtered by a local variable from an Oracle Database 23c Free instance. This example looks only for the Hulk among the six Avengers.

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   #!/usr/bin/python   # Import the Oracle library. import oracledb   try: # Create a connection to local Docker or Podman installation. db = oracledb.connect(user='c##student', password='student', dsn='localhost:51521/FREE')   # Create a cursor. cursor = db.cursor()   # Execute a query. stmt = "SELECT character_name " \ ", first_name " \ ", last_name " \ "FROM avenger " \ "WHERE character_name = :avenger " \ "ORDER BY character_name"   # Execute with bind variable. cursor.execute(stmt, avenger = "Hulk")   # Read the contents of the cursor. for row in cursor: print(row[0] + ':',row[2] + ',',row[1])   except oracledb.DatabaseError as e: error, = e.args print(sys.stderr, "Oracle-Error-Code:", error.code) print(sys.stderr, "Oracle-Error-Message:", error.message)   finally: # Close cursor and connection. cursor.close() db.close()

   #!/usr/bin/python # Import the Oracle library. import oracledb try: # Create a connection to local Docker or Podman installation. db = oracledb.connect(user='c##student', password='student', dsn='localhost:51521/FREE') # Create a cursor. cursor = db.cursor() # Execute a query. stmt = "SELECT character_name " \ ", first_name " \ ", last_name " \ "FROM avenger " \ "WHERE character_name = :avenger " \ "ORDER BY character_name" # Execute with bind variable. cursor.execute(stmt, avenger = "Hulk") # Read the contents of the cursor. for row in cursor: print(row[0] + ':',row[2] + ',',row[1]) except oracledb.DatabaseError as e: error, = e.args print(sys.stderr, "Oracle-Error-Code:", error.code) print(sys.stderr, "Oracle-Error-Message:", error.message) finally: # Close cursor and connection. cursor.close() db.close()

   It should print:

   Hulk: Banner, Bruce

   Hulk: Banner, Bruce

As always, I hope this puts everything together for setting up Python with Oracle Database 23c Free.

Installing Parallels on my iStudio (M2) was straightforward because I let it install Windows 11. Then, when I wanted to install Ubuntu it wasn’t quite that easy. You just need to understand that you click the Parallels’ Window menu option and Control Center option.

The Control Center option provides the following dialog.

Click the + symbol to create a new virtualization and you get the following dialog; and choose the Download Ubuntu with x86_64 emulation if you want to install a Docker image that’s not ported to ARM, like the Oracle Database 19c.

It’ll then explain in this dialog that is uses Apple’s Rosetta 2 technology, which means you should be able to install an Intel architecture Docker image with Oracle Database 23c.

As always, I hope this helps those trying to sort out how to leverage a new stack.