Archive for the ‘Linux’ Category
Troubleshoot Oracle Errors
It’s always a bit difficult to trap errors in SQL*Developer when you’re running scripts that do multiple things. As old as it is, using the SQL*Plus utility and spooling to log files is generally the fastest way to localize errors across multiple elements of scripts. Unfortunately, you must break up you components into local components, like a when you create a type, procedure, function, or package.
This is part of my solution to leverage in-depth testing of the Oracle Database 23ai Free container from an Ubuntu native platform. You can find this prior post shows you how to setup Oracle*Client for Ubuntu and connect to the Oracle Database 23ai Free container.
After you’ve done that, put the following oracle_errors Bash shell function into your testing context, or into your .bashrc file:
# Troubleshooting errors utility function. oracle_errors () { # Oracle Error prefixes qualify groups of error types, like # this subset of error prefixes used in the Bash function. # ============================================================ # JMS - Java Messaging Errors # JZN - JSON Errors # KUP - External Table Access Errors # LGI - File I/O Errors # OCI - Oracle Call Interface Errors # ORA - Oracle Database Errors # PCC - Oracle Precompiler Errors # PLS - Oracle PL/SQL Errors # PLW - Oracle PL/SQL Warnings # SP2 - Oracle SQL*Plus Errors # SQL - SQL Library Errors # TNS - SQL*Net (networking) Errors # ============================================================ # Define a array of Oracle error prefixes. prefixes=("jms" "jzn" "kup" "lgi" "oci" "ora" "pcc" "pls" "plw" "sp2" "sql" "tns") # Prepend the -e for the grep utility to use regular expression pattern matching; and # use the ^before the Oracle error prefixes to avoid returning lines that may # contain the prefix in a comment, like the word lookup contains the prefix kup. for str in ${prefixes[@]}; do patterns+=" -e ^${str}" done # Display output from a SQL*Plus show errors command written to a log file when # a procedure, function, object type, or package body fails to compile. This # prints the warning message followed by the line number displayed. patterns+=" -e ^warning" patterns+=" -e ^[0-9]/[0-9]" # Assign any file filter to the ext variable. ext=${1} # Assign the extension or simply use a wildcard for all files. if [ ! -z ${ext} ]; then ext="*.${ext}" else ext="*" fi # Assign the number of qualifying files to a variable. fileNum=$(ls -l ${ext} 2>/dev/null | grep -v ^l | wc -l) # Evaluate the number of qualifying files and process. if [ ${fileNum} -eq "0" ]; then echo "[0] files exist." elif [ ${fileNum} -eq "1" ]; then fileName=$(ls ${ext}) find `pwd` -type f | grep -in ${ext} ${patterns} | while IFS='\n' read list; do echo "${fileName}:${list}" done else find `pwd` -type f | grep -in ${ext} ${patterns} | while IFS='\n' read list; do echo "${list}" done fi # Clear ${patterns} variable. patterns="" } |
Now, let’s create a debug.txt test file to demonstrate how to use the oracle_errors, like:
ORA-12704: character SET mismatch PLS-00124: name OF EXCEPTION expected FOR FIRST arg IN exception_init PRAGMA SP2-00200: Environment error JMS-00402: Class NOT found JZN-00001: END OF input |
You can navigate to your logging directory and call the oracle_errors function, like:
oracle_errors txt |
It’ll return the following, which is file number, line number, and error code:
debug.txt:1:ORA-12704: character set mismatch debug.txt:2:PLS-00124: name of exception expected for first arg in exception_init pragma debug.txt:3:SP2-00200: Environment error debug.txt:4:JMS-00402: Class not found debug.txt:5:JZN-00001: End of input |
There are other Oracle error prefixes but the ones I’ve selected are the more common errors for Java, JavaScript, PL/SQL, Python, and SQL testing. You can add others if your use cases require them to the prefixes array. Just a note for those new to Bash shell scripting the “${variable_name}” is required for arrays.
For a more complete example, I created the following files for a trivial example of procedure overloading in PL/SQL:
- tables.sql – that creates two tables.
- spec.sql – that creates a package specification.
- body.sql – that implements a package specification.
- test.sql – that implements a test case using the package.
- integration.sql – that calls the the scripts in proper order.
The tables.sql, spec.sql, body.sql, and test.sql use the SQL*Plus spool command to write log files, like:
SPOOL spec.txt
-- Insert code here ...
SPOOL OFF |
The body.sql file includes SQL*Plus list and show errors commands, like:
SPOOL spec.txt
-- Insert code here ...
LIST
SHOW ERRORS
SPOOL OFF |
The integration.sql script calls the tables.sql, spec.sql, body.sql, and test.sql in order. Corrupting the spec.sql file by adding a stray “x” to one of the parameter names causes a cascade of errors. After running the integration.sql file with the introduced error, the Bash oracle_errors function returns:
body.txt:2:Warning: Package Body created with compilation errors. body.txt:148:4/13 PLS-00323: subprogram or cursor 'WARNER_BROTHER' is declared in a test.txt:4:ORA-06550: line 2, column 3: test.txt:5:PLS-00306: wrong number or types of arguments in call to 'WARNER_BROTHER' test.txt:6:ORA-06550: line 2, column 3: |
I hope that helps those learning how to program and perform integration testing in an Oracle Database.
sqlplus on Ubuntu
With the release of Oracle Database 23c Free came the ability to update components of the container’s base operating system. Naturally, I took full advantage of that to build my development machine on an Ubuntu 22.0.4 VMware instance with a Docker implementation of the Oracle Database 23c Free container.
Unfortunately, there were changes from that release to the release of Oracle Database 23ai Free. Specifically, Oracle disallows direct patching of their published container’s native Unbreakable Linux 8. It appears the restriction lies in licensing but I haven’t been able to get a clear answer. Oracle’s instructions also shifted from using Docker to using Podman, which reduces the development platform to a limited type of Database as a Service (DaaS) environment. Moreover, that means it requires more skill to leverage the Oracle Database 23ai Free container as a real developer environment by installing and configuring Oracle’s Client software on the host Ubuntu operating system. Then, you must create a host of shared directories to the container to use external files or test external libraries.
While Oracle’s invocation of proprietary control of their native OS is annoying, it’s not nearly as onerous as Apple’s decision to not offer an Intel chip for their MacBook Pro machines. I’ve a hunch Oracle will grant access to their Oracle 23ai Free container in the future but for now this article shows you how to get native SQL*Plus access working.
As to Apple, while I’ve fixed my older machines by upgrading my Intel-based MacBook Pro (i7) to native Ubuntu, it still annoying. Yes, Tim Cooke, I’d rather run Ubuntu than sell back a wonderful piece of hardware on the cheap to Apple. I also did the same upgrade to my iMac 5K with 32 GB of RAM but swapped the cheap hybrid drive for a 2TB SSD.
Now to the technical content that lets you natively develop using Oracle’s SQL*Plus on Ubuntu against the Oracle Database 23ai Free container. While I love SQL*Developer, it has significant limits when testing large blocks of code. Whereas, good techniques, sqlplus, and Bash shell can simplify code development and integration testing.
Here are the steps to get sqlplus working on Ubuntu for your Oracle Database 23ai Free container:
- You need to download the following two zip files from the Oracle Instant Client Downloads for Linux x86-64 (64-bit) website, which assumes an Intel x86 Chip Architecture:
- Open a terminal as your default Ubuntu user and do the following to assume the root superuser responsibility:
sudo sh
As the root user, create the following directory for the Oracle Client software:
mkdir /opt/oracle/instantclient_23_4
As the root user, copy the previously downloaded files to the /opt/oracle directory (this assumes your default user is name as the student user:
cp ~student/Downloads/instantclient*.zip /opt/oracle/.
As the root user, change directory with the cd command to the /opt/oracle directory and verify with the ls -al command that you have the following two files:
total 120968 drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jul 3 14:29 . drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Jul 3 09:09 .. drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jul 3 10:11 instantclient_23_4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 118377607 Jul 3 14:29 instantclient-basic-linux.x64-23.4.0.24.05.zip -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5471693 Jul 3 14:29 instantclient-sqlplus-linux.x64-23.4.0.24.05.zip
As the root user, unzip the two zip files in the following order with the unzip command:
unzip instantclient-basic-linux.x64-23.4.0.24.05.zipDisplay detailed console log →
Archive: instantclient-basic-linux.x64-23.4.0.24.05.zip inflating: META-INF/MANIFEST.MF inflating: META-INF/ORACLE_C.SF inflating: META-INF/ORACLE_C.RSA inflating: instantclient_23_4/adrci inflating: instantclient_23_4/BASIC_LICENSE inflating: instantclient_23_4/BASIC_README inflating: instantclient_23_4/fips.so inflating: instantclient_23_4/genezi inflating: instantclient_23_4/legacy.so linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.12.1 -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.18.1 -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.19.1 -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.20.1 -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.21.1 -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.22.1 -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 inflating: instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so -> libclntsh.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.10.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.11.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.12.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.18.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.19.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.20.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.21.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.22.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 inflating: instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.23.1 inflating: instantclient_23_4/libnnz.so linking: instantclient_23_4/libocci.so -> libocci.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.10.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.11.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.12.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.18.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.19.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.20.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.21.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 linking: instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.22.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 inflating: instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.23.1 inflating: instantclient_23_4/libociei.so inflating: instantclient_23_4/libocijdbc23.so inflating: instantclient_23_4/libtfojdbc1.so creating: instantclient_23_4/network/ inflating: instantclient_23_4/ojdbc11.jar inflating: instantclient_23_4/ojdbc8.jar inflating: instantclient_23_4/pkcs11.so inflating: instantclient_23_4/ucp11.jar inflating: instantclient_23_4/ucp.jar inflating: instantclient_23_4/uidrvci inflating: instantclient_23_4/xstreams.jar creating: instantclient_23_4/network/admin/ inflating: instantclient_23_4/network/admin/README finishing deferred symbolic links: instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.12.1 -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.18.1 -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.19.1 -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.20.1 -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.21.1 -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntshcore.so.22.1 -> libclntshcore.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so -> libclntsh.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.10.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.11.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.12.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.18.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.19.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.20.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.21.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libclntsh.so.22.1 -> libclntsh.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libocci.so -> libocci.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.10.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.11.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.12.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.18.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.19.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.20.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.21.1 -> libocci.so.23.1 instantclient_23_4/libocci.so.22.1 -> libocci.so.23.1and, then
unzip instantclient-sqlplus-linux.x64-23.4.0.24.05.zipDisplay detailed console log →
Archive: instantclient-sqlplus-linux.x64-23.4.0.24.05.zip replace META-INF/MANIFEST.MF? [y]es, [n]o, [A]ll, [N]one, [r]ename: y inflating: META-INF/MANIFEST.MF replace META-INF/ORACLE_C.SF? [y]es, [n]o, [A]ll, [N]one, [r]ename: y inflating: META-INF/ORACLE_C.SF replace META-INF/ORACLE_C.RSA? [y]es, [n]o, [A]ll, [N]one, [r]ename: y inflating: META-INF/ORACLE_C.RSA inflating: instantclient_23_4/glogin.sql inflating: instantclient_23_4/libsqlplusic.so inflating: instantclient_23_4/libsqlplus.so inflating: instantclient_23_4/sqlplus inflating: instantclient_23_4/SQLPLUS_LICENSE inflating: instantclient_23_4/SQLPLUS_README
- As the root user, run these two commands:
sudo sh -c "echo /opt/oracle/instantclient_23_4 > \ /etc/ld.so.conf.d/oracle-instantclient.conf" sudo ldconfig
Next, you’ll test the installation. As the root user, run these three commands, which you’ll later add to your standard Ubuntu user’s .bashrc file:
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/instantclient_23_4 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME
As the root user, you can now test whether you can start the Oracle SQL*Plus client with the following command:
sqlplus /nologIt should connect and return this:
SQL*Plus: RELEASE 23.0.0.0.0 - Production ON Wed Jul 3 10:12:33 2024 Version 23.4.0.24.05 Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle. ALL rights reserved. SQL>
If you get this type of error, either you didn’t install the Oracle instant client basic libraries or you installed an incompatible version:
sqlplus: error while loading shared libraries: libclntsh.so.23.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
If you got the error, you’ll need to readdress the installation of the Oracle instant client typically.
Another type of error can occur if you get ahead of these instructions and try to connect to the Oracle Database 23ai Free container with syntax like this:
sql> connect c##student/student@free
because you’ll most likely get an error like this:
ERROR: ORA-12162: TNS:net service name is incorrectly specified Help: https://docs.oracle.com/error-help/db/ora-12162/
The error occurs because you haven’t setup the Oracle Net Services, which is level 5 in the OSI (Open System Interconnection) Model. In Oracle-speak, that means you haven’t setup a tnsnames.ora file, failed to put the tnsnames.ora file in the right place, or failed to set the $TNS_ADMIN environment variable correctly.
- While there are many ways to setup a tnsnames.ora file, the best way is to follow Oracle’s recommended approaches. In the Oracle client approach you should put the tnsnames.ora file in the $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin directory and use the $TNS_ADMIN environment variable to point to it. Unfortunately, that approach doesn’t work when you’re installing the Oracle client software unless you want to play with mount points. It’s easiest to create a hidden directory in your sandbox user, which is student in this example.
As the root user, use the mkdir command to create the .oracle directory in your student user directory:
mkdir /home/student/.oracle
As the student user, navigate to the /home/student/.oracle directory and create the tnsnames.ora file with the following text:
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration FILE: FREE = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 127.0.0.0)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = FREE) ) ) LISTENER_FREE = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 127.0.0.0)(PORT = 1521)) FREEPDB1 = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 127.0.0.0)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = FREEPDB1) ) ) EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC_FOR_FREE)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SID = PLSExtProc) (PRESENTATION = RO) ) )
Exit the root user to your student user. As the student user set the $TNS_ADMIN environment variable like:
export TNS_ADMIN=$HOME/.oracle
Assuming you’ve already created a container user, like c##student, connect to sqlplus with the following syntax:
sqlplus c##student/student@freeYou should see the following when connection to an Oracle 23c Container:
SQL*Plus: Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Jul 3 15:05:10 2024 Version 23.4.0.24.05 Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle. All rights reserved. Last Successful login time: Wed Jul 03 2024 10:52:13 -06:00 Connected to: Oracle Database 23c Free Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Develop, Learn, and Run for Free Version 23.3.0.23.09 SQL>
You should see the following when connection to an Oracle 23ai Container:
SQL*Plus: Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat Jul 20 11:05:08 2024 Version 23.4.0.24.05 Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle. All rights reserved. Last Successful login time: Sat Jul 20 2024 10:41:38 -06:00 Connected to: Oracle Database 23ai Free Release 23.0.0.0.0 - Develop, Learn, and Run for Free Version 23.4.0.24.05 SQL>
- The last step adds all of the configuration settings into the .bashrc file. Before we do that, you may want to add the rlwrap utility library so you can use the up-arrow to navigate the sqlplus history. You install it as the root or sudo user on Ubuntu, like
apt install -y rlwrap
Display detailed console log →
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: libwpe-1.0-1 libwpebackend-fdo-1.0-1 Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them. The following NEW packages will be installed: rlwrap 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 5 not upgraded. Need to get 98.2 kB of archives. After this operation, 309 kB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 rlwrap amd64 0.43-1build3 [98.2 kB] Fetched 98.2 kB in 1s (160 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package rlwrap. (Reading database ... 211287 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../rlwrap_0.43-1build3_amd64.deb ... Unpacking rlwrap (0.43-1build3) ... Setting up rlwrap (0.43-1build3) ... update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/rlwrap to provide /usr/bin/readline-editor ( readline-editor) in auto mode Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ...
If you want to manually check what you’re removing, use the following command as the root user:
apt autoremove
Display detailed console log →
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done The following packages will be REMOVED: libwpe-1.0-1 libwpebackend-fdo-1.0-1 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 2 to remove and 5 not upgraded. After this operation, 182 kB disk space will be freed. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y (Reading database ... 211329 files and directories currently installed.) Removing libwpebackend-fdo-1.0-1:amd64 (1.14.2-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ... Removing libwpe-1.0-1:amd64 (1.14.0-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.35-0ubuntu3.8) ...
- The last step requires that you put the environment variables into the student user’s .bashrc shell script, and add a sqlplus function to take advantage of the new libraries added to read your prior history inside the SQL*Plus command line.
You should edit the .bashrc file and add the following environment variables and sqlplus() function:
# Configure Oracle Client software. export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/instantclient_23_4 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME export TNS_ADMIN=$HOME/.oracle # A user-defined function to wrap the sqlplus history. sqlplus () { # Discover the fully qualified program name. path=`which rlwrap 2>/dev/null` file='' # Parse the program name from the path. if [ -n ${path} ]; then file=${path##/*/} fi; # Wrap when there is a file and it is rewrap. if [ -n ${file} ] && [[ ${file} = "rlwrap" ]]; then rlwrap $ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus "${@}" else echo "Command-line history unavailable: Install the rlwrap package." $ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus "${@}" fi }
You should remember that when you access sqlplus from the Ubuntu environment the TNS net service name is required. If you should forget to include it like this:
sqlplus c##student/studentYou’ll get the following error:
ERROR: ORA-12162: TNS:net service name is incorrectly specified Help: https://docs.oracle.com/error-help/db/ora-12162/
The correct way is:
sqlplus c##student/student@free
As always, I hope this helps those looking for a solution.
Oracle23ai Ubuntu Install
What to do with a Late 2015 iMac with an i7 Quad CPU running at 3.4 GHz, 32 GB or RAM, a 5K Display and an almost warn out hybrid 1 TB hard disk? You could sell it to Apple for pennies, but why enrich them. I opted to upgrade it with an OWC kit that had a 2 TB SSD Disk. Then, I installed Ubuntu 22.0.4 and built a DaaS (Database as a Service) machine with Oracle Database 23ai in a Docker container, and MySQL 8 and PostgreSQL 14 natively.
I’ve posted on installing MySQL 8 and PostgreSQL 14 on Ubuntu before when I repurposed my late 2014 MacBook Pro. This post covers the installation of Docker and Oracle Database 23ai.
Install Docker
Contrary to the instructions, you should do the following as a sudoer user:
sudo apt install -y docker.io |
Install all dependency packages using the following command:
sudo snap install docker |
You should see the following:
docker 20.10.24 from Canonical✓ installed |
You can verify the Docker install with the following command:
sudo docker --version |
It should show something like this:
Docker version 24.0.5, build 24.0.5-0ubuntu1~22.04.1 |
You can check the pulled containers with the following command but at this point there should be no pulled containers.
sudo docker images |
At this point, a docker group already exists but you need to add your user to the docker group with the following command:
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER |
Using the Docker Commands:
- To activate the logging, utilize the -f parameter.
- To divide JSON, use Docker by default; to extract individual keys, use JQ.
- In your Container file, there are quite a few areas where commands may be specified.
- Posting to the volumes could be more effective while the picture is being built.
- Docker offers a highly efficient way to create an alias for its own built-in commands. This makes it easier to set up and handle lengthy and enormous orders. These alias values are stored in the directories /.bashrc or and /.bash_aliases.
- Docker offers further assistance to remove unused code fragments from the installation of the container.
- Docker always favors reading statements from the container file that have not changed. Therefore, time savings may be realized by arranging what is shown in the container file in a way that ensures the elements that are susceptible to change are shown towards the end of the document and those that are most likely to undergo change are shown at the top.
Install Oracle Database 23ai Free in a Docker container
Use the following command to pull and install the Oracle Database 23ai container:
sudo docker run --name oracle23ai -p 1521:1521 -p 5500:5500 -e ORACLE_PWD=cangetin container-registry.oracle.com/database/free:latest |
After installing the Oracle Database 23ai Free container, you can access it as the root user by default with this syntax:
docker exec -it -u root oracle23ai bash |
At the root prompt, you can connect to the system schema with the following command:
sqlplus system/cangetin@FREE |
You should see the following:
SQL*Plus: RELEASE 23.0.0.0.0 - Production ON Thu May 9 03:56:57 2024 Version 23.4.0.24.05 Copyright (c) 1982, 2024, Oracle. ALL rights reserved. LAST SUCCESSFUL login TIME: Wed Apr 24 2024 21:23:00 +00:00 Connected TO: Oracle DATABASE 23ai Free RELEASE 23.0.0.0.0 - Develop, Learn, AND Run FOR Free Version 23.4.0.24.05 SQL> |
Create a c##student as a sandbox user:
After you create and provision the Oracle Database 21ai Free, you can create a c##student sand-boxed user with the following two step process.
- Create a c##student Oracle user account with the following command as the system user:
CREATE USER c##student IDENTIFIED BY student DEFAULT TABLESPACE users QUOTA 200M ON users TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp;
- Grant necessary privileges to the newly created c##student user:
GRANT CREATE CLUSTER, CREATE INDEXTYPE, CREATE OPERATOR , CREATE PROCEDURE, CREATE SEQUENCE, CREATE SESSION , CREATE TABLE, CREATE TRIGGER, CREATE TYPE , CREATE VIEW TO c##student;
- Connect to the sandboxed user with the following syntax (by the way it’s a pluggable user account as qualified in Oracle Database 12c forward):
SQL> CONNECT c##student/student@FREE
or, disconnect and reconnect with this syntax:
sqlplus system/cangetin@FREE
Set Docker Oracle 23ai to start always
Assuming that your container name was oracle23ai, as qualified above, you can run the following command to automatically restart the Docker container:
docker update --restart=always `docker ps -aqf "name=oracle23ai"` |
The docker command inside the backquotes uses the Docker instance’s name to return the Docker container_id value, which can also be seen when you run the following command:
docker ps |
which returns:
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES b211f494e692 container-registry.oracle.com/database/free:latest "/bin/bash -c $ORACL…" 13 days ago Up 18 minutes (healthy) 0.0.0.0:1521->1521/tcp, :::1521->1521/tcp, 0.0.0.0:5500->5500/tcp, :::5500->5500/tcp oracle23ai |
The Docker container_id value is required when you perform a Docker update operation.
Configuring your Docker Oracle 23ai environment
Unless you like memorizing the Docker command-line, you may automate connecting as the root user or add a sand boxed user. The root user typically has more power than you need to perform ordinary development and use-case testing tasks.
A sand boxed user has narrow access, can’t start and stop the database instance or perform Oracle Datasbase 23ai administration. In this segment, you’ll learn how to create a couple local Bash functions to simplify your use of the Oracle Database 23ai container; and how to extend the configuration of Oracle’s Docker container:
- Adding a student user to the Docker container and configuring it to access the Oracle Database 23ai locally from within the Docker container using a direct sqlplus connection.
- Configuring the Docker container to support external files and leverage a shared directory with your base operating system.
Automating Docker instance connections:
The following shows you how to add a local Bash function to automate access to the Docker container from the Linux command-line. You put the following Bash function in your base Linux operating system’s user .bashrc file:
- Create the following Bash function:
# User defined function to launch Oracle 23 ai container # as the root user. admin () { # Discover the fully qualified program name. path=`which docker 2>/dev/null` file='' # Parse the program name from the path. if [ -n ${path} ]; then file=${path##/*/} fi # Wrap when there is a file and it is rewrap. if [ -n ${file} ] && [[ ${file} = "docker" ]]; then python -c "import subprocess; subprocess.run(['docker exec -it --user root oracle23ai bash'], shell=True)" else echo "Docker is unavailable: Install the docker package." fi }
- After you source the .bashrc file or simply reconnect as to the terminal as your user, which resources the .bashrc file, you can access the oracle23ai Docker instance with this command:
admin
It will display a new prompt with the root user and the Docker container_id value, like:
[root@b211f494e692 oracle]#
You can exit the Docker container by typing exit at the Linux command line. If you curious what version of Linux you’re using inside the Docker instance, you can’t use the uname command because it returns the hosting Linux distribution (distro). You must use the following when inside the Docker instance:
cat /etc/os-release
or, outside the Docker instance you can use the following docker command:
docker exec oracle23ai cat /etc/os-release
Either way, for an Oracle Database 23ai container, it should return:
NAME="Oracle Linux Server" VERSION="8.9" ID="ol" ID_LIKE="fedora" VARIANT="Server" VARIANT_ID="server" VERSION_ID="8.9" PLATFORM_ID="platform:el8" PRETTY_NAME="Oracle Linux Server 8.9" ANSI_COLOR="0;31" CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:oracle:linux:8:9:server" HOME_URL="https://linux.oracle.com/" BUG_REPORT_URL="https://github.com/oracle/oracle-linux" ORACLE_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT="Oracle Linux 8" ORACLE_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT_VERSION=8.9 ORACLE_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="Oracle Linux" ORACLE_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION=8.9
Unfortunately, Oracle has appeared to block updates to the Oracle Unbreakable Linux 8 instance inside the container, which makes native SQL*Plus use more difficult. That’s because you’ll need to install the Oracle SQL*Plus client in the hosting Operating System.
I’ve written a separate blog post that instructs you on how to install and use Oracle SQL*Plus client on Ubuntu.
Install SQL Developer in the base Linux operating system
The first steps are installing the Java Runtime Environment and Java Development Kit, and then downloading, installing and configuring SQL Developer. These are the required steps:
- Install the Java Runtime Environment:
sudo apt install default-jre
The log file for this is:
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Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: ca-certificates-java default-jre-headless fonts-dejavu-extra java-common libatk-wrapper-java libatk-wrapper-java-jni openjdk-11-jre openjdk-11-jre-headless Suggested packages: fonts-ipafont-gothic fonts-ipafont-mincho fonts-wqy-microhei | fonts-wqy-zenhei The following NEW packages will be installed: ca-certificates-java default-jre default-jre-headless fonts-dejavu-extra java-common libatk-wrapper-java libatk-wrapper-java-jni openjdk-11-jre openjdk-11-jre-headless 0 upgraded, 9 newly installed, 0 to remove and 4 not upgraded. Need to get 44.9 MB of archives. After this operation, 185 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 java-common all 0.72build2 [6,782 B] Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 openjdk-11-jre-headless amd64 11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04 [42.5 MB] Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 default-jre-headless amd64 2:1.11-72build2 [3,042 B] Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 ca-certificates-java all 20190909ubuntu1.2 [12.1 kB] Get:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 openjdk-11-jre amd64 11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04 [214 kB] Get:6 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 default-jre amd64 2:1.11-72build2 [896 B] Get:7 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 fonts-dejavu-extra all 2.37-2build1 [2,041 kB] Get:8 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libatk-wrapper-java all 0.38.0-5build1 [53.1 kB] Get:9 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libatk-wrapper-java-jni amd64 0.38.0-5build1 [49.0 kB] Fetched 44.9 MB in 14s (3,270 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package java-common. (Reading database ... 203118 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../0-java-common_0.72build2_all.deb ... Unpacking java-common (0.72build2) ... Selecting previously unselected package openjdk-11-jre-headless:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../1-openjdk-11-jre-headless_11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04_amd64 .deb ... Unpacking openjdk-11-jre-headless:amd64 (11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04) ... Selecting previously unselected package default-jre-headless. Preparing to unpack .../2-default-jre-headless_2%3a1.11-72build2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking default-jre-headless (2:1.11-72build2) ... Selecting previously unselected package ca-certificates-java. Preparing to unpack .../3-ca-certificates-java_20190909ubuntu1.2_all.deb ... Unpacking ca-certificates-java (20190909ubuntu1.2) ... Selecting previously unselected package openjdk-11-jre:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../4-openjdk-11-jre_11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04_amd64.deb ... Unpacking openjdk-11-jre:amd64 (11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04) ... 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Setting up openjdk-11-jre-headless:amd64 (11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04) ... update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/java to provid e /usr/bin/java (java) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jjs to provide /usr/bin/jjs (jjs) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/keytool to pro vide /usr/bin/keytool (keytool) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/rmid to provid e /usr/bin/rmid (rmid) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/rmiregistry to provide /usr/bin/rmiregistry (rmiregistry) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/pack200 to pro vide /usr/bin/pack200 (pack200) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/unpack200 to p rovide /usr/bin/unpack200 (unpack200) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/lib/jexec to provi de /usr/bin/jexec (jexec) in auto mode Setting up openjdk-11-jre:amd64 (11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04) ... Setting up default-jre (2:1.11-72build2) ... Setting up ca-certificates-java (20190909ubuntu1.2) ... head: cannot open '/etc/ssl/certs/java/cacerts' for reading: No such file or dir ectory Adding debian:QuoVadis_Root_CA_1_G3.pem Adding debian:GlobalSign_Root_E46.pem Adding debian:T-TeleSec_GlobalRoot_Class_3.pem Adding debian:Certum_Trusted_Network_CA.pem Adding debian:Buypass_Class_2_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:NetLock_Arany_=Class_Gold=_Főtanúsítvány.pem Adding debian:e-Szigno_Root_CA_2017.pem Adding debian:emSign_Root_CA_-_G1.pem Adding debian:D-TRUST_BR_Root_CA_1_2020.pem Adding debian:Hongkong_Post_Root_CA_3.pem Adding debian:GlobalSign_ECC_Root_CA_-_R4.pem Adding debian:NAVER_Global_Root_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:UCA_Extended_Validation_Root.pem Adding debian:AffirmTrust_Premium.pem Adding debian:Entrust_Root_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:DigiCert_Trusted_Root_G4.pem Adding debian:CFCA_EV_ROOT.pem Adding debian:ePKI_Root_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:Hellenic_Academic_and_Research_Institutions_ECC_RootCA_2015.pem Adding debian:HARICA_TLS_RSA_Root_CA_2021.pem Adding debian:GlobalSign_Root_CA_-_R6.pem Adding debian:TWCA_Global_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:Trustwave_Global_ECC_P384_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:ISRG_Root_X1.pem Adding debian:Starfield_Services_Root_Certificate_Authority_-_G2.pem Adding debian:QuoVadis_Root_CA_3.pem Adding debian:Security_Communication_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:DigiCert_TLS_RSA4096_Root_G5.pem Adding debian:Entrust_Root_Certification_Authority_-_EC1.pem Adding debian:Security_Communication_RootCA3.pem Adding debian:TeliaSonera_Root_CA_v1.pem Adding debian:vTrus_ECC_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:AC_RAIZ_FNMT-RCM_SERVIDORES_SEGUROS.pem Adding debian:Certum_EC-384_CA.pem Adding debian:Microsec_e-Szigno_Root_CA_2009.pem Adding debian:ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem Adding debian:USERTrust_ECC_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:CA_Disig_Root_R2.pem Adding debian:Certum_Trusted_Network_CA_2.pem Adding debian:ACCVRAIZ1.pem Adding debian:TunTrust_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:Buypass_Class_3_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:D-TRUST_Root_Class_3_CA_2_2009.pem Adding debian:Security_Communication_ECC_RootCA1.pem Adding debian:GTS_Root_R2.pem Adding debian:Certigna.pem Adding debian:SSL.com_EV_Root_Certification_Authority_RSA_R2.pem Adding debian:Entrust.net_Premium_2048_Secure_Server_CA.pem Adding debian:E-Tugra_Global_Root_CA_ECC_v3.pem Adding debian:Hongkong_Post_Root_CA_1.pem Adding debian:SZAFIR_ROOT_CA2.pem Adding debian:TUBITAK_Kamu_SM_SSL_Kok_Sertifikasi_-_Surum_1.pem Adding debian:Atos_TrustedRoot_2011.pem Adding debian:DigiCert_High_Assurance_EV_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:emSign_Root_CA_-_C1.pem Adding debian:Go_Daddy_Root_Certificate_Authority_-_G2.pem Adding debian:GDCA_TrustAUTH_R5_ROOT.pem Adding debian:GlobalSign_Root_CA_-_R3.pem Adding debian:DigiCert_Assured_ID_Root_G3.pem Adding debian:Autoridad_de_Certificacion_Firmaprofesional_CIF_A62634068_2.pem Adding debian:Certainly_Root_R1.pem Adding debian:vTrus_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:Certainly_Root_E1.pem Adding debian:Autoridad_de_Certificacion_Firmaprofesional_CIF_A62634068.pem Adding debian:TWCA_Root_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:Starfield_Root_Certificate_Authority_-_G2.pem Adding debian:Amazon_Root_CA_3.pem Adding debian:GTS_Root_R1.pem Adding debian:SwissSign_Gold_CA_-_G2.pem Adding debian:Certum_Trusted_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:Hellenic_Academic_and_Research_Institutions_RootCA_2015.pem Adding debian:AffirmTrust_Networking.pem Adding debian:emSign_ECC_Root_CA_-_G3.pem Adding debian:HARICA_TLS_ECC_Root_CA_2021.pem Adding debian:certSIGN_ROOT_CA.pem Adding debian:Actalis_Authentication_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:SSL.com_Root_Certification_Authority_RSA.pem Adding debian:Certigna_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:XRamp_Global_CA_Root.pem Adding debian:Baltimore_CyberTrust_Root.pem Adding debian:Trustwave_Global_ECC_P256_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:QuoVadis_Root_CA_2_G3.pem Adding debian:GTS_Root_R3.pem Adding debian:COMODO_RSA_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:ISRG_Root_X2.pem Adding debian:SwissSign_Silver_CA_-_G2.pem Adding debian:IdenTrust_Public_Sector_Root_CA_1.pem Adding debian:Microsoft_ECC_Root_Certificate_Authority_2017.pem Adding debian:UCA_Global_G2_Root.pem Adding debian:DigiCert_Assured_ID_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:Entrust_Root_Certification_Authority_-_G2.pem Adding debian:QuoVadis_Root_CA_2.pem Adding debian:Trustwave_Global_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:OISTE_WISeKey_Global_Root_GB_CA.pem Adding debian:HiPKI_Root_CA_-_G1.pem Adding debian:E-Tugra_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:GTS_Root_R4.pem Adding debian:Amazon_Root_CA_2.pem Adding debian:Amazon_Root_CA_1.pem Adding debian:SecureTrust_CA.pem Adding debian:GlobalSign_Root_R46.pem Adding debian:IdenTrust_Commercial_Root_CA_1.pem Adding debian:DigiCert_Global_Root_G2.pem Adding debian:Comodo_AAA_Services_root.pem Adding debian:SSL.com_Root_Certification_Authority_ECC.pem Adding debian:T-TeleSec_GlobalRoot_Class_2.pem Adding debian:Starfield_Class_2_CA.pem Adding debian:DigiCert_Global_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:SecureSign_RootCA11.pem Adding debian:certSIGN_Root_CA_G2.pem Adding debian:DigiCert_TLS_ECC_P384_Root_G5.pem Adding debian:Entrust_Root_Certification_Authority_-_G4.pem Adding debian:OISTE_WISeKey_Global_Root_GC_CA.pem Adding debian:DigiCert_Global_Root_G3.pem Adding debian:Secure_Global_CA.pem Adding debian:Microsoft_RSA_Root_Certificate_Authority_2017.pem Adding debian:DigiCert_Assured_ID_Root_G2.pem Adding debian:Telia_Root_CA_v2.pem Adding debian:emSign_ECC_Root_CA_-_C3.pem Adding debian:COMODO_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:AffirmTrust_Premium_ECC.pem Adding debian:GLOBALTRUST_2020.pem Adding debian:E-Tugra_Global_Root_CA_RSA_v3.pem Adding debian:Amazon_Root_CA_4.pem Adding debian:COMODO_ECC_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:AffirmTrust_Commercial.pem Adding debian:SSL.com_EV_Root_Certification_Authority_ECC.pem Adding debian:AC_RAIZ_FNMT-RCM.pem Adding debian:Go_Daddy_Class_2_CA.pem Adding debian:QuoVadis_Root_CA_3_G3.pem Adding debian:D-TRUST_EV_Root_CA_1_2020.pem Adding debian:GlobalSign_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:GlobalSign_ECC_Root_CA_-_R5.pem Adding debian:USERTrust_RSA_Certification_Authority.pem Adding debian:D-TRUST_Root_Class_3_CA_2_EV_2009.pem Adding debian:Izenpe.com.pem Adding debian:ANF_Secure_Server_Root_CA.pem Adding debian:Security_Communication_RootCA2.pem done. Processing triggers for mailcap (3.70+nmu1ubuntu1) ... Processing triggers for fontconfig (2.13.1-4.2ubuntu5) ... Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.26-1ubuntu3) ... Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.17-2) ... Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.36.0-1ubuntu3) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ... Processing triggers for ca-certificates (20230311ubuntu0.22.04.1) ... Updating certificates in /etc/ssl/certs... 0 added, 0 removed; done. Running hooks in /etc/ca-certificates/update.d... done. done.
- Install the Java Runtime Environment:
sudo apt install -y default-idk
The log file for this is:
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Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: default-jdk-headless libice-dev libpthread-stubs0-dev libsm-dev libx11-dev libxau-dev libxcb1-dev libxdmcp-dev libxt-dev openjdk-11-jdk openjdk-11-jdk-headless x11proto-dev xorg-sgml-doctools xtrans-dev Suggested packages: libice-doc libsm-doc libx11-doc libxcb-doc libxt-doc openjdk-11-demo openjdk-11-source visualvm The following NEW packages will be installed: default-jdk default-jdk-headless libice-dev libpthread-stubs0-dev libsm-dev libx11-dev libxau-dev libxcb1-dev libxdmcp-dev libxt-dev openjdk-11-jdk openjdk-11-jdk-headless x11proto-dev xorg-sgml-doctools xtrans-dev 0 upgraded, 15 newly installed, 0 to remove and 4 not upgraded. Need to get 76.9 MB of archives. After this operation, 90.6 MB of additional disk space will be used. 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(Reading database ... 203527 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../00-openjdk-11-jdk-headless_11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04_amd6 4.deb ... Unpacking openjdk-11-jdk-headless:amd64 (11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04) ... Selecting previously unselected package default-jdk-headless. Preparing to unpack .../01-default-jdk-headless_2%3a1.11-72build2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking default-jdk-headless (2:1.11-72build2) ... Selecting previously unselected package openjdk-11-jdk:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../02-openjdk-11-jdk_11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04_amd64.deb ... Unpacking openjdk-11-jdk:amd64 (11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04) ... Selecting previously unselected package default-jdk. Preparing to unpack .../03-default-jdk_2%3a1.11-72build2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking default-jdk (2:1.11-72build2) ... Selecting previously unselected package xorg-sgml-doctools. Preparing to unpack .../04-xorg-sgml-doctools_1%3a1.11-1.1_all.deb ... Unpacking xorg-sgml-doctools (1:1.11-1.1) ... 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Setting up openjdk-11-jdk-headless:amd64 (11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04) ... update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jar to provide /usr/bin/jar (jar) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jarsigner to p rovide /usr/bin/jarsigner (jarsigner) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/javac to provi de /usr/bin/javac (javac) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/javadoc to pro vide /usr/bin/javadoc (javadoc) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/javap to provi de /usr/bin/javap (javap) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jcmd to provid e /usr/bin/jcmd (jcmd) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jdb to provide /usr/bin/jdb (jdb) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jdeprscan to p rovide /usr/bin/jdeprscan (jdeprscan) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jdeps to provi de /usr/bin/jdeps (jdeps) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jfr to provide /usr/bin/jfr (jfr) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jimage to prov ide /usr/bin/jimage (jimage) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jinfo to provi de /usr/bin/jinfo (jinfo) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jlink to provi de /usr/bin/jlink (jlink) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jmap to provid e /usr/bin/jmap (jmap) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jmod to provid e /usr/bin/jmod (jmod) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jps to provide /usr/bin/jps (jps) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jrunscript to provide /usr/bin/jrunscript (jrunscript) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jshell to prov ide /usr/bin/jshell (jshell) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jstack to prov ide /usr/bin/jstack (jstack) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jstat to provi de /usr/bin/jstat (jstat) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jstatd to prov ide /usr/bin/jstatd (jstatd) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/rmic to provid e /usr/bin/rmic (rmic) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/serialver to p rovide /usr/bin/serialver (serialver) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jaotc to provi de /usr/bin/jaotc (jaotc) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jhsdb to provi de /usr/bin/jhsdb (jhsdb) in auto mode Setting up libpthread-stubs0-dev:amd64 (0.4-1build2) ... Setting up xtrans-dev (1.4.0-1) ... Setting up default-jdk-headless (2:1.11-72build2) ... Setting up openjdk-11-jdk:amd64 (11.0.21+9-0ubuntu1~22.04) ... update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/jconsole to pr ovide /usr/bin/jconsole (jconsole) in auto mode Setting up xorg-sgml-doctools (1:1.11-1.1) ... Setting up default-jdk (2:1.11-72build2) ... Processing triggers for sgml-base (1.30) ... Setting up x11proto-dev (2021.5-1) ... Setting up libxau-dev:amd64 (1:1.0.9-1build5) ... Setting up libice-dev:amd64 (2:1.0.10-1build2) ... Setting up libsm-dev:amd64 (2:1.2.3-1build2) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ... Setting up libxdmcp-dev:amd64 (1:1.1.3-0ubuntu5) ... Setting up libxcb1-dev:amd64 (1.14-3ubuntu3) ... Setting up libx11-dev:amd64 (2:1.7.5-1ubuntu0.3) ... Setting up libxt-dev:amd64 (1:1.2.1-1) ...
- Download SQL Developer from here; and then install SQL Developer to the /opt directory on your Ubuntu local instance:
Use the following command to unzip the SQL Developer files to the /opt directory:
sudo unzip ~/Downloads/sqldeveloper-23.1.0.097.1607-no-jre.zip
- Create the following /usr/local/bin/sqldeveloper symbolic link:
sudo ln -s /opt/sqldeveloper/sqldeveloper.sh /usr/local/bin/sqldeveloper
- Edit the /opt/sqldeveloper/sqldeveloper.sh file by replacing the following line:
cd "`dirname $0`"/sqldeveloper/bin && bash sqldeveloper $*
with this version:
/opt/sqldeveloper/sqldeveloper/bin/sqldeveloper $*
- Now, you can launch SQL Developer from any location on your local Ubuntu operating system, like:
sqldeveloper
- You can now connect as the system user through SQL Developer to the Oracle Database 23ai Free Docker instance with the following connection information:
(Excuse recycling the version from 21c but I didn’t see any utility in making a new screen shot.)
- You can also create a Desktop shortcut by creating the sqldeveloper.desktop file in the /usr/share/applications directory. The SQL Developer icon is provided in the sqldeveloper base directory.
You should create the following sqldeveloper.desktop file to use a Desktop shortcut:
[Desktop Entry] Name=Oracle SQL Developer Comment=SQL Developer from Oracle GenericName=SQL Tool Exec=/usr/local/bin/sqldeveloper Icon=/opt/sqldeveloper/icon.png Type=Application StartupNotify=true Categories=Utility;Oracle;Development;SQL;
As always, I hope this helps those trying to accomplish this task.
Ubuntu Pro Upgrade?
There wasn’t a choice when I chose to update the Ubuntu instance. I was compelled to upgrade to Ubuntu Pro. According to the upgrade I have five free installations. You can read more about Ubuntu Pro on this web page, and find their pricing schedule on this page.
MongoDB on Ubuntu
This post shows how to install, configure, and use MongoDB with JavaScript programs. You need to complete each section in the order provided (based on Cherry Server post).
Step #1: MongoDB Installation
Install the prerequisite packages with the following command:
sudo apt install -y software-properties-common gnupg apt-transport-https ca-certificates |
Display detailed console log →
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done ca-certificates is already the newest version (20230311ubuntu0.22.04.1). ca-certificates set to manually installed. gnupg is already the newest version (2.2.27-3ubuntu2.1). gnupg set to manually installed. software-properties-common is already the newest version (0.99.22.9). apt-transport-https is already the newest version (2.4.11). 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 22 not upgraded. |
Import the public key for MongoDB on your system using the curl command:
curl -fsSL https://pgp.mongodb.com/server-7.0.asc | sudo gpg -o /usr/share/keyrings/mongodb-server-7.0.gpg --dearmor |
Add MongoDB 7.0 APT repository to the /etc/apt/sources.list.d directory:
echo "deb [ arch=amd64,arm64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/mongodb-server-7.0.gpg ] https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu jammy/mongodb-org/7.0 multiverse" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-7.0.list |
Reload the local package index, which refreshes the local repositories and makes Ubuntu aware of the newly added MongoDB repository:
sudo apt update |
Display detailed console log →
Hit:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy InRelease Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates InRelease [119 kB] Get:3 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security InRelease [110 kB] Hit:4 https://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable InRelease Hit:5 https://download.vscodium.com/debs vscodium InRelease Hit:6 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-backports InRelease Hit:7 https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/pgadmin/pgadmin4/apt/jammy pgadmin4 InRelease Ign:8 https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu jammy/mongodb-org/7.0 InRelease Get:9 https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu jammy/mongodb-org/7.0 Release [2,090 B] Get:10 https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu jammy/mongodb-org/7.0 Release.gpg [866 B] Get:11 https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu jammy/mongodb-org/7.0/multiverse arm64 Packages [27.6 kB] Get:12 https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu jammy/mongodb-org/7.0/multiverse amd64 Packages [28.6 kB] Fetched 288 kB in 4s (72.8 kB/s) Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done 22 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them. |
Install the mongodb-org meta-package:
sudo apt install -y mongodb-org |
Display detailed console log →
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: mongodb-database-tools mongodb-mongosh mongodb-org-database mongodb-org-database-tools-extra mongodb-org-mongos mongodb-org-server mongodb-org-shell mongodb-org-tools The following NEW packages will be installed: mongodb-database-tools mongodb-mongosh mongodb-org mongodb-org-database mongodb-org-database-tools-extra mongodb-org-mongos mongodb-org-server mongodb-org-shell mongodb-org-tools 0 upgraded, 9 newly installed, 0 to remove and 22 not upgraded. Need to get 163 MB of archives. After this operation, 537 MB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu jammy/mongodb-org/7.0/multiverse amd64 mongodb-database-tools amd64 100.9.4 [51.9 MB] Get:2 https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu jammy/mongodb-org/7.0/multiverse amd64 mongodb-mongosh amd64 2.1.5 [48.7 MB] Get:3 https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu jammy/mongodb-org/7.0/multiverse amd64 mongodb-org-shell amd64 7.0.6 [2,986 B] Get:4 https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu jammy/mongodb-org/7.0/multiverse amd64 mongodb-org-server amd64 7.0.6 [36.7 MB] Get:5 https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu jammy/mongodb-org/7.0/multiverse amd64 mongodb-org-mongos amd64 7.0.6 [25.6 MB] Get:6 https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu jammy/mongodb-org/7.0/multiverse amd64 mongodb-org-database-tools-extra amd64 7.0.6 [7,786 B] Get:7 https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu jammy/mongodb-org/7.0/multiverse amd64 mongodb-org-database amd64 7.0.6 [3,422 B] Get:8 https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu jammy/mongodb-org/7.0/multiverse amd64 mongodb-org-tools amd64 7.0.6 [2,770 B] Get:9 https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu jammy/mongodb-org/7.0/multiverse amd64 mongodb-org amd64 7.0.6 [2,804 B] Fetched 163 MB in 8s (20.2 MB/s) Selecting previously unselected package mongodb-database-tools. (Reading database ... 250115 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../0-mongodb-database-tools_100.9.4_amd64.deb ... Unpacking mongodb-database-tools (100.9.4) ... Selecting previously unselected package mongodb-mongosh. Preparing to unpack .../1-mongodb-mongosh_2.1.5_amd64.deb ... Unpacking mongodb-mongosh (2.1.5) ... Selecting previously unselected package mongodb-org-shell. Preparing to unpack .../2-mongodb-org-shell_7.0.6_amd64.deb ... Unpacking mongodb-org-shell (7.0.6) ... Selecting previously unselected package mongodb-org-server. Preparing to unpack .../3-mongodb-org-server_7.0.6_amd64.deb ... Unpacking mongodb-org-server (7.0.6) ... Selecting previously unselected package mongodb-org-mongos. Preparing to unpack .../4-mongodb-org-mongos_7.0.6_amd64.deb ... Unpacking mongodb-org-mongos (7.0.6) ... Selecting previously unselected package mongodb-org-database-tools-extra. Preparing to unpack .../5-mongodb-org-database-tools-extra_7.0.6_amd64.deb ... Unpacking mongodb-org-database-tools-extra (7.0.6) ... Selecting previously unselected package mongodb-org-database. Preparing to unpack .../6-mongodb-org-database_7.0.6_amd64.deb ... Unpacking mongodb-org-database (7.0.6) ... Selecting previously unselected package mongodb-org-tools. Preparing to unpack .../7-mongodb-org-tools_7.0.6_amd64.deb ... Unpacking mongodb-org-tools (7.0.6) ... Selecting previously unselected package mongodb-org. Preparing to unpack .../8-mongodb-org_7.0.6_amd64.deb ... Unpacking mongodb-org (7.0.6) ... Setting up mongodb-mongosh (2.1.5) ... Setting up mongodb-org-server (7.0.6) ... Adding system user `mongodb' (UID 132) ... Adding new user `mongodb' (UID 132) with group `nogroup' ... Not creating home directory `/home/mongodb'. Adding group `mongodb' (GID 140) ... Done. Adding user `mongodb' to group `mongodb' ... Adding user mongodb to group mongodb Done. Setting up mongodb-org-shell (7.0.6) ... Setting up mongodb-database-tools (100.9.4) ... Setting up mongodb-org-mongos (7.0.6) ... Setting up mongodb-org-database-tools-extra (7.0.6) ... Setting up mongodb-org-database (7.0.6) ... Setting up mongodb-org-tools (7.0.6) ... Setting up mongodb-org (7.0.6) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ... |
Verify the installed version of MongoDB with this command:
mongod --version |
It should display:
db version v7.0.6
Build Info: {
"version": "7.0.6",
"gitVersion": "66cdc1f28172cb33ff68263050d73d4ade73b9a4",
"openSSLVersion": "OpenSSL 3.0.2 15 Mar 2022",
"modules": [],
"allocator": "tcmalloc",
"environment": {
"distmod": "ubuntu2204",
"distarch": "x86_64",
"target_arch": "x86_64"
}
} |
Step #2: Start MongoDB Service & Shell
You can verify that the installed mongodb is disabled after initial installation with this command:
sudo systemctl status mongod |
It should display:
○ mongod.service - MongoDB Database Server
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mongod.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
Docs: https://docs.mongodb.org/manual |
Exit the output display from the systemctl utility by typing the escape key, a colon (:) and a q in sequence.
You can start the MongoDB service with this command:
sudo systemctl start mongod |
Then, check the MongoDB service:
sudo systemctl status mongod |
It displays:
● mongod.service - MongoDB Database Server
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mongod.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2024-03-07 16:38:17 MST; 2s ago
Docs: https://docs.mongodb.org/manual
Main PID: 33795 (mongod)
Memory: 79.2M
CPU: 706ms
CGroup: /system.slice/mongod.service
└─33795 /usr/bin/mongod --config /etc/mongod.conf
Mar 07 16:38:17 student-virtual-machine systemd[1]: Started MongoDB Database Server.
Mar 07 16:38:17 student-virtual-machine mongod[33795]: {"t":{"$date":"2024-03-07T23:38:17.642Z"},"s"> |
You can confirm that the database is up and running by checking if the server is listening on its default port, which is port 27017. Run the ss command to check the port number.
sudo ss -pnltu | grep 27017 |
It will display:
tcp LISTEN 0 4096 127.0.0.1:27017 0.0.0.0:* users:(("mongod",pid=33795,fd=14)) |
You can enable the mongodb service at startup with the following command:
sudo systemctl enable mongod |
It raised the following error:
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mongod.service → /lib/systemd/system/mongod.service. |
Now, start the MongoDB Shell (mongosh) by typing either the explicit or implicit MongoDB Shell command. The explicit one uses the port and database path, which are unnecessary when you’ve successfully started the mongosh service. (Please note that at the time of writing this blog post there is erroneous, or obsolete, content on the MongoDB Documentation Enable Access Control web page.
Explicit connection:
mongosh --port 27017 --db /var/lib/mongodb --help |
This version of the command will display most of the options available in MongoDB but it will suppress warning messages.
$ mongosh [options] [db address] [file names (ending in .js or .mongodb)] Options: -h, --help Show this usage information -f, --file [arg] Load the specified mongosh script --host [arg] Server to connect to --port [arg] Port to connect to --build-info Show build information --version Show version information --quiet Silence output from the shell during the connection process --shell Run the shell after executing files --nodb Don't connect to mongod on startup - no 'db address' [arg] expected --norc Will not run the '.mongoshrc.js' file on start up --eval [arg] Evaluate javascript --json[=canonical|relaxed] Print result of --eval as Extended JSON, including errors --retryWrites[=true|false] Automatically retry write operations upon transient network errors (Default: true) Authentication Options: -u, --username [arg] Username for authentication -p, --password [arg] Password for authentication --authenticationDatabase [arg] User source (defaults to dbname) --authenticationMechanism [arg] Authentication mechanism --awsIamSessionToken [arg] AWS IAM Temporary Session Token ID --gssapiServiceName [arg] Service name to use when authenticating using GSSAPI/Kerberos --sspiHostnameCanonicalization [arg] Specify the SSPI hostname canonicalization (none or forward, available on Windows) --sspiRealmOverride [arg] Specify the SSPI server realm (available on Windows) TLS Options: --tls Use TLS for all connections --tlsCertificateKeyFile [arg] PEM certificate/key file for TLS --tlsCertificateKeyFilePassword [arg] Password for key in PEM file for TLS --tlsCAFile [arg] Certificate Authority file for TLS --tlsAllowInvalidHostnames Allow connections to servers with non-matching hostnames --tlsAllowInvalidCertificates Allow connections to servers with invalid certificates --tlsCertificateSelector [arg] TLS Certificate in system store (Windows and macOS only) --tlsCRLFile [arg] Specifies the .pem file that contains the Certificate Revocation List --tlsDisabledProtocols [arg] Comma separated list of TLS protocols to disable [TLS1_0,TLS1_1,TLS1_2] --tlsUseSystemCA Load the operating system trusted certificate list --tlsFIPSMode Enable the system TLS library's FIPS mode API version options: --apiVersion [arg] Specifies the API version to connect with --apiStrict Use strict API version mode --apiDeprecationErrors Fail deprecated commands for the specified API version FLE Options: --awsAccessKeyId [arg] AWS Access Key for FLE Amazon KMS --awsSecretAccessKey [arg] AWS Secret Key for FLE Amazon KMS --awsSessionToken [arg] Optional AWS Session Token ID --keyVaultNamespace [arg] database.collection to store encrypted FLE parameters --kmsURL [arg] Test parameter to override the URL of the KMS endpoint DB Address Examples: foo Foo database on local machine 192.168.0.5/foo Foo database on 192.168.0.5 machine 192.168.0.5:9999/foo Foo database on 192.168.0.5 machine on port 9999 mongodb://192.168.0.5:9999/foo Connection string URI can also be used File Names: A list of files to run. Files must end in .js and will exit after unless --shell is specified. Examples: Start mongosh using 'ships' database on specified connection string: $ mongosh mongodb://192.168.0.5:9999/ships For more information on usage: https://docs.mongodb.com/mongodb-shell. |
Implicit connection:
mongosh |
You should see the following message with any warning messages:
Current Mongosh Log ID: 65ea502a97f4c1e2b7e12af4 Connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/?directConnection=true&serverSelectionTimeoutMS=2000&appName=mongosh+2.1.5 Using MongoDB: 7.0.6 Using Mongosh: 2.1.5 For mongosh info see: https://docs.mongodb.com/mongodb-shell/ To help improve our products, anonymous usage data is collected and sent to MongoDB periodically (https://www.mongodb.com/legal/privacy-policy). You can opt-out by running the disableTelemetry() command. ------ The server generated these startup warnings when booting 2024-03-07T16:38:17.818-07:00: Using the XFS filesystem is strongly recommended with the WiredTiger storage engine. See http://dochub.mongodb.org/core/prodnotes-filesystem 2024-03-07T16:38:18.350-07:00: Access control is not enabled for the database. Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted 2024-03-07T16:38:18.350-07:00: vm.max_map_count is too low ------ |
You can run opt out of the data collection by running the disableTelemetry() command from the Linux command line. Use the following command (a broader explanation is in the MongoDB Telemetry documentation):
mongosh --nodb --eval "disableTelemetry()" |
It should return:
Current Mongosh Log ID: 65eab2df3e663bde3711fa2f Using Mongosh: 2.1.5 For mongosh info see: https://docs.mongodb.com/mongodb-shell/ Telemetry is now disabled. |
You still have three warning messages to deal with at this point. You should fix the vm.max_map_count warning first. This is a Linux kernel issue. You can determine the current value of the vm.max_map_count value with this command:
cat /proc/sys/vm/max_map_count |
It should return the system default value:
65530 |
You can change it at runtime with this command:
sudo sysctl -w vm.max_map_count=262144 |
However, you must restart the mongod service to see the change in the mongosh shell. There won’t be a warning message for the kernel parameter value being too low until you reboot your operating system. You can restart your mongod service with this command:
sudo service mongod restart |
You can make a change to the /etc/sysctl.conf file to ensure the parameter is set to the correct value each time the system reboots. Simply add the following line as the root user or by using the sudo prefacing a text editor or your choice (like vim or nano) to your /etc/sysctl.conf file:
# Adding vm.max_map_count to sysctl.conf defaults. vm.max_map_count=262144 |
At this point, you’ve eliminated two of the warning messages. The next step shows you how to enable Access Control. If you want to check the general server status, run the following command from the Linux Command-Line Interface (CLI):
mongosh --eval "db.serverStatus()" > server_status.log |
You can inspect the log file, which should be slightly less than 2,000 lines of output with MongoDB a 7.0.6 installation. Using the command from the Linux CLI is generally the easiest way to inspect the output from the db.serverStatus() function, which is just too long to scroll from the console output.
Step #3: MongoDB Enabling Access Control
Connect to the mongosh …
Step #4: MongoDB Installing Node.js and React.js
Install Node.js with the following command:
sudo apt install -y nodejs |
Display detailed console log →
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: libc-ares2 libjs-highlight.js libnode72 nodejs-doc Suggested packages: npm The following NEW packages will be installed: libc-ares2 libjs-highlight.js libnode72 nodejs nodejs-doc 0 upgraded, 5 newly installed, 0 to remove and 23 not upgraded. Need to get 13.7 MB of archives. After this operation, 53.9 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 libjs-highlight.js all 9.18.5+dfsg1-1 [367 kB] Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libc-ares2 amd64 1.18.1-1ubuntu0.22.04.3 [45.1 kB] Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe amd64 libnode72 amd64 12.22.9~dfsg-1ubuntu3.4 [10.8 MB] Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe amd64 nodejs-doc all 12.22.9~dfsg-1ubuntu3.4 [2,410 kB] Get:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe amd64 nodejs amd64 12.22.9~dfsg-1ubuntu3.4 [122 kB] Fetched 13.7 MB in 3s (4,006 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package libjs-highlight.js. (Reading database ... 250172 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../libjs-highlight.js_9.18.5+dfsg1-1_all.deb ... Unpacking libjs-highlight.js (9.18.5+dfsg1-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libc-ares2:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../libc-ares2_1.18.1-1ubuntu0.22.04.3_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libc-ares2:amd64 (1.18.1-1ubuntu0.22.04.3) ... Selecting previously unselected package libnode72:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../libnode72_12.22.9~dfsg-1ubuntu3.4_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libnode72:amd64 (12.22.9~dfsg-1ubuntu3.4) ... Selecting previously unselected package nodejs-doc. Preparing to unpack .../nodejs-doc_12.22.9~dfsg-1ubuntu3.4_all.deb ... Unpacking nodejs-doc (12.22.9~dfsg-1ubuntu3.4) ... Selecting previously unselected package nodejs. Preparing to unpack .../nodejs_12.22.9~dfsg-1ubuntu3.4_amd64.deb ... Unpacking nodejs (12.22.9~dfsg-1ubuntu3.4) ... Setting up libc-ares2:amd64 (1.18.1-1ubuntu0.22.04.3) ... Setting up libnode72:amd64 (12.22.9~dfsg-1ubuntu3.4) ... Setting up libjs-highlight.js (9.18.5+dfsg1-1) ... Setting up nodejs (12.22.9~dfsg-1ubuntu3.4) ... update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/nodejs to provide /usr/bin/js (js) in auto m ode Setting up nodejs-doc (12.22.9~dfsg-1ubuntu3.4) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.35-0ubuntu3.6) ... |
You can check the Node.js version with this command:
node -v |
v12.22.9 |
Install the Node.js package manager npm with the following command:
sudo apt install -y npm |
Display detailed console log →
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: gyp libjs-events libjs-inherits libjs-is-typedarray libjs-psl libjs-source-map libjs-sprintf-js libjs-typedarray-to-buffer libnode-dev libuv1-dev node-abab node-abbrev node-agent-base node-ansi-regex node-ansi-styles node-ansistyles node-aproba node-archy node-are-we-there-yet node-argparse node-arrify node-asap node-asynckit node-balanced-match node-brace-expansion node-builtins node-cacache node-chalk node-chownr node-clean-yaml-object node-cli-table node-clone node-color-convert node-color-name node-colors node-columnify node-combined-stream node-commander node-console-control-strings node-copy-concurrently node-core-util-is node-coveralls node-cssom node-cssstyle node-debug node-decompress-response node-defaults node-delayed-stream node-delegates node-depd node-diff node-encoding node-end-of-stream node-err-code node-escape-string-regexp node-esprima node-events node-fancy-log node-fetch node-foreground-child node-form-data node-fs-write-stream-atomic node-fs.realpath node-function-bind node-gauge node-get-stream node-glob node-got node-graceful-fs node-growl node-gyp node-has-flag node-has-unicode node-hosted-git-info node-https-proxy-agent node-iconv-lite node-iferr node-imurmurhash node-indent-string node-inflight node-inherits node-ini node-ip node-ip-regex node-is-buffer node-is-plain-obj node-is-typedarray node-isarray node-isexe node-js-yaml node-jsdom node-json-buffer node-json-parse-better-errors node-jsonparse node-kind-of node-lcov-parse node-lodash-packages node-log-driver node-lowercase-keys node-lru-cache node-mime node-mime-types node-mimic-response node-minimatch node-minimist node-minipass node-mkdirp node-move-concurrently node-ms node-mute-stream node-negotiator node-nopt node-normalize-package-data node-npm-bundled node-npm-package-arg node-npmlog node-object-assign node-once node-opener node-osenv node-p-cancelable node-p-map node-path-is-absolute node-process-nextick-args node-promise-inflight node-promise-retry node-promzard node-psl node-pump node-punycode node-quick-lru node-read node-read-package-json node-readable-stream node-resolve node-retry node-rimraf node-run-queue node-safe-buffer node-semver node-set-blocking node-signal-exit node-slash node-slice-ansi node-source-map node-source-map-support node-spdx-correct node-spdx-exceptions node-spdx-expression-parse node-spdx-license-ids node-sprintf-js node-ssri node-stack-utils node-stealthy-require node-string-decoder node-string-width node-strip-ansi node-supports-color node-tap node-tap-mocha-reporter node-tap-parser node-tar node-text-table node-time-stamp node-tmatch node-tough-cookie node-typedarray-to-buffer node-unique-filename node-universalify node-util-deprecate node-validate-npm-package-license node-validate-npm-package-name node-wcwidth.js node-webidl-conversions node-whatwg-fetch node-which node-wide-align node-wrappy node-write-file-atomic node-ws node-yallist Suggested packages: libjs-angularjs node-nyc The following NEW packages will be installed: gyp libjs-events libjs-inherits libjs-is-typedarray libjs-psl libjs-source-map libjs-sprintf-js libjs-typedarray-to-buffer libnode-dev libuv1-dev node-abab node-abbrev node-agent-base node-ansi-regex node-ansi-styles node-ansistyles node-aproba node-archy node-are-we-there-yet node-argparse node-arrify node-asap node-asynckit node-balanced-match node-brace-expansion node-builtins node-cacache node-chalk node-chownr node-clean-yaml-object node-cli-table node-clone node-color-convert node-color-name node-colors node-columnify node-combined-stream node-commander node-console-control-strings node-copy-concurrently node-core-util-is node-coveralls node-cssom node-cssstyle node-debug node-decompress-response node-defaults node-delayed-stream node-delegates node-depd node-diff node-encoding node-end-of-stream node-err-code node-escape-string-regexp node-esprima node-events node-fancy-log node-fetch node-foreground-child node-form-data node-fs-write-stream-atomic node-fs.realpath node-function-bind node-gauge node-get-stream node-glob node-got node-graceful-fs node-growl node-gyp node-has-flag node-has-unicode node-hosted-git-info node-https-proxy-agent node-iconv-lite node-iferr node-imurmurhash node-indent-string node-inflight node-inherits node-ini node-ip node-ip-regex node-is-buffer node-is-plain-obj node-is-typedarray node-isarray node-isexe node-js-yaml node-jsdom node-json-buffer node-json-parse-better-errors node-jsonparse node-kind-of node-lcov-parse node-lodash-packages node-log-driver node-lowercase-keys node-lru-cache node-mime node-mime-types node-mimic-response node-minimatch node-minimist node-minipass node-mkdirp node-move-concurrently node-ms node-mute-stream node-negotiator node-nopt node-normalize-package-data node-npm-bundled node-npm-package-arg node-npmlog node-object-assign node-once node-opener node-osenv node-p-cancelable node-p-map node-path-is-absolute node-process-nextick-args node-promise-inflight node-promise-retry node-promzard node-psl node-pump node-punycode node-quick-lru node-read node-read-package-json node-readable-stream node-resolve node-retry node-rimraf node-run-queue node-safe-buffer node-semver node-set-blocking node-signal-exit node-slash node-slice-ansi node-source-map node-source-map-support node-spdx-correct node-spdx-exceptions node-spdx-expression-parse node-spdx-license-ids node-sprintf-js node-ssri node-stack-utils node-stealthy-require node-string-decoder node-string-width node-strip-ansi node-supports-color node-tap node-tap-mocha-reporter node-tap-parser node-tar node-text-table node-time-stamp node-tmatch node-tough-cookie node-typedarray-to-buffer node-unique-filename node-universalify node-util-deprecate node-validate-npm-package-license node-validate-npm-package-name node-wcwidth.js node-webidl-conversions node-whatwg-fetch node-which node-wide-align node-wrappy node-write-file-atomic node-ws node-yallist npm 0 upgraded, 182 newly installed, 0 to remove and 23 not upgraded. Need to get 5,075 kB of archives. After this operation, 36.3 MB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 gyp all 0.1+20210831gitd6c5dd5-5 [238 kB] Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 libjs-events all 3.3.0+~3.0.0-2 [9,734 B] Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 libjs-is-typedarray all 1.0.0-4 [3,804 B] Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 libjs-psl all 1.8.0+ds-6 [76.3 kB] Get:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 libjs-sprintf-js all 1.1.2+ds1+~1.1.2-1 [12.8 kB] Get:6 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 libjs-typedarray-to-buffer all 4.0.0-2 [4,658 B] Get:7 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libuv1-dev amd64 1.43.0-1ubuntu0.1 [130 kB] Get:8 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe amd64 libnode-dev amd64 12.22.9~dfsg-1ubuntu3.4 [609 kB] Get:9 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-abab all 2.0.5-2 [6,578 B] Get:10 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-ms all 2.1.3+~cs0.7.31-2 [5,782 B] Get:11 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-debug all 4.3.2+~cs4.1.7-1 [17.6 kB] Get:12 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-yallist all 4.0.0+~4.0.1-1 [8,322 B] Get:13 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-lru-cache all 6.0.0+~5.1.1-1 [11.3 kB] Get:14 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-semver all 7.3.5+~7.3.8-1 [41.5 kB] Get:15 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-agent-base all 6.0.2+~cs5.4.2-1 [17.9 kB] Get:16 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-ansi-regex all 5.0.1-1 [4,984 B] Get:17 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-ansistyles all 0.1.3-5 [4,546 B] Get:18 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-aproba all 2.0.0-2 [5,620 B] Get:19 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-delegates all 1.0.0-3 [4,280 B] Get:20 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 libjs-inherits all 2.0.4-4 [3,468 B] Get:21 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-inherits all 2.0.4-4 [3,010 B] Get:22 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-core-util-is all 1.0.3-1 [4,066 B] Get:23 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-safe-buffer all 5.2.1+~cs2.1.2-2 [15.7 kB] Get:24 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-string-decoder all 1.3.0-5 [7,046 B] Get:25 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-process-nextick-args all 2.0.1-2 [3,730 B] Get:26 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-util-deprecate all 1.0.2-3 [4,202 B] Get:27 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-isarray all 2.0.5-3 [3,934 B] Get:28 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-readable-stream all 3.6.0+~cs3.0.0-1 [32.6 kB] Get:29 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-are-we-there-yet all 3.0.0+~1.1.0-1 [8,920 B] Get:30 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-arrify all 2.0.1-2 [3,610 B] Get:31 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-asap all 2.0.6+~2.0.0-1 [14.4 kB] Get:32 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-asynckit all 0.4.0-4 [10.6 kB] Get:33 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-builtins all 4.0.0-1 [3,860 B] Get:34 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-chownr all 2.0.0-1 [4,404 B] Get:35 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-fs.realpath all 1.0.0-2 [6,106 B] Get:36 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-wrappy all 1.0.2-2 [3,658 B] Get:37 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-once all 1.4.0-4 [4,708 B] Get:38 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-inflight all 1.0.6-2 [3,940 B] Get:39 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-balanced-match all 2.0.0-1 [4,910 B] Get:40 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-brace-expansion all 2.0.1-1 [7,458 B] Get:41 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-minimatch all 3.1.1+~3.0.5-1 [16.9 kB] Get:42 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-path-is-absolute all 2.0.0-2 [4,062 B] Get:43 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-glob all 7.2.1+~cs7.6.15-1 [131 kB] Get:44 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-graceful-fs all 4.2.4+repack-1 [12.5 kB] Get:45 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-mkdirp all 1.0.4+~1.0.2-1 [11.4 kB] Get:46 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-iferr all 1.0.2+~1.0.2-1 [4,610 B] Get:47 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-imurmurhash all 0.1.4+dfsg+~0.1.1-1 [8,510 B] Get:48 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-fs-write-stream-atomic all 1.0.10-5 [5,256 B] Get:49 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-rimraf all 3.0.2-1 [10.1 kB] Get:50 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-run-queue all 2.0.0-2 [5,092 B] Get:51 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-copy-concurrently all 1.0.5-8 [7,118 B] Get:52 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-move-concurrently all 1.0.1-4 [5,120 B] Get:53 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-escape-string-regexp all 4.0.0-2 [4,328 B] Get:54 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-indent-string all 4.0.0-2 [4,122 B] Get:55 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-p-map all 4.0.0+~3.1.0+~3.0.1-1 [8,058 B] Get:56 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-promise-inflight all 1.0.1+~1.0.0-1 [4,896 B] Get:57 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-ssri all 8.0.1-2 [19.6 kB] Get:58 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-unique-filename all 1.1.1+ds-1 [3,832 B] Get:59 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-cacache all 15.0.5+~cs13.9.21-3 [34.9 kB] Get:60 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-clean-yaml-object all 0.1.0-5 [4,718 B] Get:61 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-clone all 2.1.2-3 [8,344 B] Get:62 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-color-name all 1.1.4+~1.1.1-2 [6,076 B] Get:63 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-color-convert all 2.0.1-1 [10.2 kB] Get:64 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-colors all 1.4.0-3 [12.3 kB] Get:65 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-strip-ansi all 6.0.1-1 [4,184 B] Get:66 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-defaults all 1.0.3+~1.0.3-1 [4,288 B] Get:67 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-wcwidth.js all 1.0.2-1 [7,278 B] Get:68 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-columnify all 1.5.4+~1.5.1-1 [12.6 kB] Get:69 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-console-control-strings all 1.1.0-2 [5,428 B] Get:70 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-growl all 1.10.5-4 [7,064 B] Get:71 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-sprintf-js all 1.1.2+ds1+~1.1.2-1 [3,916 B] Get:72 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-argparse all 2.0.1-2 [33.2 kB] Get:73 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-esprima all 4.0.1+ds+~4.0.3-2 [69.3 kB] Get:74 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-js-yaml all 4.1.0+dfsg+~4.0.5-6 [62.7 kB] Get:75 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-lcov-parse all 1.0.0+20170612git80d039574ed9-5 [5,084 B] Get:76 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-log-driver all 1.2.7+git+20180219+bba1761737-7 [5,436 B] Get:77 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-is-plain-obj all 3.0.0-2 [3,994 B] Get:78 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-is-buffer all 2.0.5-2 [4,128 B] Get:79 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-kind-of all 6.0.3+dfsg-2 [8,628 B] Get:80 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-minimist all 1.2.5+~cs5.3.2-1 [9,434 B] Get:81 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-cssom all 0.4.4-3 [14.1 kB] Get:82 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-cssstyle all 2.3.0-2 [30.3 kB] Get:83 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-delayed-stream all 1.0.0-5 [5,464 B] Get:84 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-combined-stream all 1.0.8+~1.0.3-1 [7,432 B] Get:85 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-mime all 3.0.0+dfsg+~cs3.96.1-1 [38.1 kB] Get:86 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-mime-types all 2.1.33-1 [6,944 B] Get:87 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-form-data all 3.0.1-1 [13.4 kB] Get:88 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-events all 3.3.0+~3.0.0-2 [3,090 B] Get:89 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-https-proxy-agent all 5.0.0+~cs8.0.0-3 [16.4 kB] Get:90 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-iconv-lite all 0.6.3-2 [167 kB] Get:91 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-lodash-packages all 4.17.21+dfsg+~cs8.31.198.20210220-5 [166 kB] Get:92 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-stealthy-require all 1.1.1-5 [7,176 B] Get:93 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-punycode all 2.1.1-5 [9,902 B] Get:94 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-psl all 1.8.0+ds-6 [39.6 kB] Get:95 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-universalify all 2.0.0-3 [4,266 B] Get:96 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-tough-cookie all 4.0.0-2 [31.7 kB] Get:97 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-webidl-conversions all 7.0.0~1.1.0+~cs15.1.20180823-2 [27.5 kB] Get:98 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-commander all 9.0.0-2 [48.0 kB] Get:99 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-mute-stream all 0.0.8+~0.0.1-1 [6,448 B] Get:100 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-read all 1.0.7-3 [5,478 B] Get:101 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-ws all 8.5.0+~cs13.3.3-2 [49.5 kB] Get:102 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-jsdom all 19.0.0+~cs90.11.27-1 [446 kB] Get:103 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-fetch all 2.6.7+~2.5.12-1 [27.1 kB] Get:104 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-coveralls all 3.1.1-1 [14.2 kB] Get:105 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-mimic-response all 3.1.0-7 [5,430 B] Get:106 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-decompress-response all 6.0.0-2 [4,656 B] Get:107 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-diff all 5.0.0~dfsg+~5.0.1-3 [77.4 kB] Get:108 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-err-code all 2.0.3+dfsg-3 [4,918 B] Get:109 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-time-stamp all 2.2.0-1 [5,984 B] Get:110 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-fancy-log all 1.3.3+~cs1.3.1-2 [8,102 B] Get:111 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-signal-exit all 3.0.6+~3.0.1-1 [7,000 B] Get:112 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-foreground-child all 2.0.0-3 [5,542 B] Get:113 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-function-bind all 1.1.1+repacked+~1.0.3-1 [5,244 B] Get:114 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-has-unicode all 2.0.1-4 [3,948 B] Get:115 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-ansi-styles all 4.3.0+~4.2.0-1 [8,968 B] Get:116 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-slice-ansi all 5.0.0+~cs9.0.0-4 [8,044 B] Get:117 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-string-width all 4.2.3+~cs13.2.3-1 [11.4 kB] Get:118 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-wide-align all 1.1.3-4 [4,228 B] Get:119 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-gauge all 4.0.2-1 [16.3 kB] Get:120 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-end-of-stream all 1.4.4+~1.4.1-1 [5,340 B] Get:121 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-pump all 3.0.0-5 [5,160 B] Get:122 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-get-stream all 6.0.1-1 [7,324 B] Get:123 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-lowercase-keys all 2.0.0-2 [3,754 B] Get:124 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-json-buffer all 3.0.1-1 [3,812 B] Get:125 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-p-cancelable all 2.1.1-1 [7,358 B] Get:126 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-quick-lru all 5.1.1-1 [5,532 B] Get:127 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-got all 11.8.3+~cs58.7.37-1 [122 kB] Get:128 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-has-flag all 4.0.0-2 [4,228 B] Get:129 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-hosted-git-info all 4.0.2-1 [9,006 B] Get:130 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-ip all 1.1.5+~1.1.0-1 [8,140 B] Get:131 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-ip-regex all 4.3.0+~4.1.1-1 [5,254 B] Get:132 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-is-typedarray all 1.0.0-4 [2,072 B] Get:133 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-isexe all 2.0.0+~2.0.1-4 [6,102 B] Get:134 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-json-parse-better-errors all 1.0.2+~cs3.3.1-1 [7,328 B] Get:135 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-encoding all 0.1.13-2 [4,366 B] Get:136 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-jsonparse all 1.3.1-10 [8,060 B] Get:137 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-minipass all 3.1.6+~cs8.7.18-1 [32.9 kB] Get:138 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-npm-bundled all 1.1.2-1 [6,228 B] Get:139 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-osenv all 0.1.5+~0.1.0-1 [5,896 B] Get:140 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-validate-npm-package-name all 3.0.0-4 [5,058 B] Get:141 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-npm-package-arg all 8.1.5-1 [8,132 B] Get:142 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-object-assign all 4.1.1-6 [4,754 B] Get:143 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-opener all 1.5.2+~1.4.0-1 [6,000 B] Get:144 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-retry all 0.13.1+~0.12.1-1 [11.5 kB] Get:145 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-promise-retry all 2.0.1-2 [5,010 B] Get:146 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-promzard all 0.3.0-2 [6,888 B] Get:147 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-set-blocking all 2.0.0-2 [3,766 B] Get:148 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-slash all 3.0.0-2 [3,922 B] Get:149 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 libjs-source-map all 0.7.0++dfsg2+really.0.6.1-9 [93.9 kB] Get:150 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-source-map all 0.7.0++dfsg2+really.0.6.1-9 [33.6 kB] Get:151 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-source-map-support all 0.5.21+ds+~0.5.4-1 [14.2 kB] Get:152 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-spdx-license-ids all 3.0.11-1 [7,306 B] Get:153 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-spdx-exceptions all 2.3.0-2 [3,978 B] Get:154 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-spdx-expression-parse all 3.0.1+~3.0.1-1 [7,658 B] Get:155 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-spdx-correct all 3.1.1-2 [5,476 B] Get:156 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-stack-utils all 2.0.5+~2.0.1-1 [9,368 B] Get:157 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-supports-color all 8.1.1+~8.1.1-1 [7,048 B] Get:158 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-tap-parser all 7.0.0+ds1-6 [19.4 kB] Get:159 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-tap-mocha-reporter all 3.0.7+ds-2 [39.2 kB] Get:160 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-text-table all 0.2.0-4 [4,762 B] Get:161 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-tmatch all 5.0.0-4 [6,002 B] Get:162 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-typedarray-to-buffer all 4.0.0-2 [2,242 B] Get:163 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-validate-npm-package-license all 3.0.4-2 [4,252 B] Get:164 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-whatwg-fetch all 3.6.2-5 [15.0 kB] Get:165 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-write-file-atomic all 3.0.3+~3.0.2-1 [7,690 B] Get:166 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-abbrev all 1.1.1+~1.1.2-1 [5,784 B] Get:167 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-archy all 1.0.0-4 [4,728 B] Get:168 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-chalk all 4.1.2-1 [15.9 kB] Get:169 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-cli-table all 0.3.11+~cs0.13.3-1 [23.2 kB] Get:170 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-depd all 2.0.0-2 [10.5 kB] Get:171 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-nopt all 5.0.0-2 [11.3 kB] Get:172 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-npmlog all 6.0.1+~4.1.4-1 [9,968 B] Get:173 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-tar all 6.1.11+ds1+~cs6.0.6-1 [38.8 kB] Get:174 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-which all 2.0.2+~cs1.3.2-2 [7,374 B] Get:175 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-gyp all 8.4.1-1 [34.7 kB] Get:176 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-ini all 2.0.1-1 [6,528 B] Get:177 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-negotiator all 0.6.2+~0.6.1-1 [10.3 kB] Get:178 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-resolve all 1.20.0+~cs5.27.9-1 [20.7 kB] Get:179 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-normalize-package-data all 3.0.3+~2.4.1-1 [12.8 kB] Get:180 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-read-package-json all 4.1.1-1 [10.4 kB] Get:181 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 node-tap all 12.0.1+ds-4 [43.6 kB] Get:182 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 npm all 8.5.1~ds-1 [894 kB] Fetched 5,075 kB in 19s (272 kB/s) Extracting templates from packages: 100% Selecting previously unselected package gyp. (Reading database ... 250530 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../000-gyp_0.1+20210831gitd6c5dd5-5_all.deb ... Unpacking gyp (0.1+20210831gitd6c5dd5-5) ... Selecting previously unselected package libjs-events. Preparing to unpack .../001-libjs-events_3.3.0+~3.0.0-2_all.deb ... Unpacking libjs-events (3.3.0+~3.0.0-2) ... Selecting previously unselected package libjs-is-typedarray. Preparing to unpack .../002-libjs-is-typedarray_1.0.0-4_all.deb ... Unpacking libjs-is-typedarray (1.0.0-4) ... Selecting previously unselected package libjs-psl. Preparing to unpack .../003-libjs-psl_1.8.0+ds-6_all.deb ... Unpacking libjs-psl (1.8.0+ds-6) ... Selecting previously unselected package libjs-sprintf-js. Preparing to unpack .../004-libjs-sprintf-js_1.1.2+ds1+~1.1.2-1_all.deb ... Unpacking libjs-sprintf-js (1.1.2+ds1+~1.1.2-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libjs-typedarray-to-buffer. Preparing to unpack .../005-libjs-typedarray-to-buffer_4.0.0-2_all.deb ... Unpacking libjs-typedarray-to-buffer (4.0.0-2) ... Selecting previously unselected package libuv1-dev:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../006-libuv1-dev_1.43.0-1ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libuv1-dev:amd64 (1.43.0-1ubuntu0.1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libnode-dev. Preparing to unpack .../007-libnode-dev_12.22.9~dfsg-1ubuntu3.4_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libnode-dev (12.22.9~dfsg-1ubuntu3.4) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-abab. Preparing to unpack .../008-node-abab_2.0.5-2_all.deb ... Unpacking node-abab (2.0.5-2) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-ms. Preparing to unpack .../009-node-ms_2.1.3+~cs0.7.31-2_all.deb ... Unpacking node-ms (2.1.3+~cs0.7.31-2) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-debug. Preparing to unpack .../010-node-debug_4.3.2+~cs4.1.7-1_all.deb ... Unpacking node-debug (4.3.2+~cs4.1.7-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-yallist. Preparing to unpack .../011-node-yallist_4.0.0+~4.0.1-1_all.deb ... Unpacking node-yallist (4.0.0+~4.0.1-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-lru-cache. Preparing to unpack .../012-node-lru-cache_6.0.0+~5.1.1-1_all.deb ... Unpacking node-lru-cache (6.0.0+~5.1.1-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-semver. Preparing to unpack .../013-node-semver_7.3.5+~7.3.8-1_all.deb ... Unpacking node-semver (7.3.5+~7.3.8-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-agent-base. Preparing to unpack .../014-node-agent-base_6.0.2+~cs5.4.2-1_all.deb ... Unpacking node-agent-base (6.0.2+~cs5.4.2-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-ansi-regex. Preparing to unpack .../015-node-ansi-regex_5.0.1-1_all.deb ... Unpacking node-ansi-regex (5.0.1-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-ansistyles. Preparing to unpack .../016-node-ansistyles_0.1.3-5_all.deb ... Unpacking node-ansistyles (0.1.3-5) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-aproba. Preparing to unpack .../017-node-aproba_2.0.0-2_all.deb ... Unpacking node-aproba (2.0.0-2) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-delegates. Preparing to unpack .../018-node-delegates_1.0.0-3_all.deb ... Unpacking node-delegates (1.0.0-3) ... Selecting previously unselected package libjs-inherits. Preparing to unpack .../019-libjs-inherits_2.0.4-4_all.deb ... Unpacking libjs-inherits (2.0.4-4) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-inherits. Preparing to unpack .../020-node-inherits_2.0.4-4_all.deb ... Unpacking node-inherits (2.0.4-4) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-core-util-is. Preparing to unpack .../021-node-core-util-is_1.0.3-1_all.deb ... Unpacking node-core-util-is (1.0.3-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-safe-buffer. Preparing to unpack .../022-node-safe-buffer_5.2.1+~cs2.1.2-2_all.deb ... Unpacking node-safe-buffer (5.2.1+~cs2.1.2-2) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-string-decoder. Preparing to unpack .../023-node-string-decoder_1.3.0-5_all.deb ... Unpacking node-string-decoder (1.3.0-5) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-process-nextick-args. Preparing to unpack .../024-node-process-nextick-args_2.0.1-2_all.deb ... Unpacking node-process-nextick-args (2.0.1-2) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-util-deprecate. Preparing to unpack .../025-node-util-deprecate_1.0.2-3_all.deb ... Unpacking node-util-deprecate (1.0.2-3) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-isarray. Preparing to unpack .../026-node-isarray_2.0.5-3_all.deb ... Unpacking node-isarray (2.0.5-3) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-readable-stream. Preparing to unpack .../027-node-readable-stream_3.6.0+~cs3.0.0-1_all.deb ... Unpacking node-readable-stream (3.6.0+~cs3.0.0-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-are-we-there-yet. Preparing to unpack .../028-node-are-we-there-yet_3.0.0+~1.1.0-1_all.deb ... Unpacking node-are-we-there-yet (3.0.0+~1.1.0-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-arrify. Preparing to unpack .../029-node-arrify_2.0.1-2_all.deb ... Unpacking node-arrify (2.0.1-2) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-asap. Preparing to unpack .../030-node-asap_2.0.6+~2.0.0-1_all.deb ... Unpacking node-asap (2.0.6+~2.0.0-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-asynckit. Preparing to unpack .../031-node-asynckit_0.4.0-4_all.deb ... Unpacking node-asynckit (0.4.0-4) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-builtins. Preparing to unpack .../032-node-builtins_4.0.0-1_all.deb ... Unpacking node-builtins (4.0.0-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-chownr. Preparing to unpack .../033-node-chownr_2.0.0-1_all.deb ... Unpacking node-chownr (2.0.0-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-fs.realpath. Preparing to unpack .../034-node-fs.realpath_1.0.0-2_all.deb ... Unpacking node-fs.realpath (1.0.0-2) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-wrappy. Preparing to unpack .../035-node-wrappy_1.0.2-2_all.deb ... Unpacking node-wrappy (1.0.2-2) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-once. Preparing to unpack .../036-node-once_1.4.0-4_all.deb ... Unpacking node-once (1.4.0-4) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-inflight. Preparing to unpack .../037-node-inflight_1.0.6-2_all.deb ... Unpacking node-inflight (1.0.6-2) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-balanced-match. Preparing to unpack .../038-node-balanced-match_2.0.0-1_all.deb ... Unpacking node-balanced-match (2.0.0-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-brace-expansion. Preparing to unpack .../039-node-brace-expansion_2.0.1-1_all.deb ... Unpacking node-brace-expansion (2.0.1-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-minimatch. Preparing to unpack .../040-node-minimatch_3.1.1+~3.0.5-1_all.deb ... Unpacking node-minimatch (3.1.1+~3.0.5-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-path-is-absolute. Preparing to unpack .../041-node-path-is-absolute_2.0.0-2_all.deb ... Unpacking node-path-is-absolute (2.0.0-2) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-glob. Preparing to unpack .../042-node-glob_7.2.1+~cs7.6.15-1_all.deb ... Unpacking node-glob (7.2.1+~cs7.6.15-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-graceful-fs. Preparing to unpack .../043-node-graceful-fs_4.2.4+repack-1_all.deb ... Unpacking node-graceful-fs (4.2.4+repack-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-mkdirp. Preparing to unpack .../044-node-mkdirp_1.0.4+~1.0.2-1_all.deb ... Unpacking node-mkdirp (1.0.4+~1.0.2-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-iferr. Preparing to unpack .../045-node-iferr_1.0.2+~1.0.2-1_all.deb ... Unpacking node-iferr (1.0.2+~1.0.2-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-imurmurhash. Preparing to unpack .../046-node-imurmurhash_0.1.4+dfsg+~0.1.1-1_all.deb ... Unpacking node-imurmurhash (0.1.4+dfsg+~0.1.1-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-fs-write-stream-atomic. Preparing to unpack .../047-node-fs-write-stream-atomic_1.0.10-5_all.deb ... Unpacking node-fs-write-stream-atomic (1.0.10-5) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-rimraf. Preparing to unpack .../048-node-rimraf_3.0.2-1_all.deb ... Unpacking node-rimraf (3.0.2-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-run-queue. Preparing to unpack .../049-node-run-queue_2.0.0-2_all.deb ... Unpacking node-run-queue (2.0.0-2) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-copy-concurrently. Preparing to unpack .../050-node-copy-concurrently_1.0.5-8_all.deb ... Unpacking node-copy-concurrently (1.0.5-8) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-move-concurrently. Preparing to unpack .../051-node-move-concurrently_1.0.1-4_all.deb ... Unpacking node-move-concurrently (1.0.1-4) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-escape-string-regexp. Preparing to unpack .../052-node-escape-string-regexp_4.0.0-2_all.deb ... Unpacking node-escape-string-regexp (4.0.0-2) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-indent-string. Preparing to unpack .../053-node-indent-string_4.0.0-2_all.deb ... Unpacking node-indent-string (4.0.0-2) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-p-map. Preparing to unpack .../054-node-p-map_4.0.0+~3.1.0+~3.0.1-1_all.deb ... Unpacking node-p-map (4.0.0+~3.1.0+~3.0.1-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-promise-inflight. Preparing to unpack .../055-node-promise-inflight_1.0.1+~1.0.0-1_all.deb ... Unpacking node-promise-inflight (1.0.1+~1.0.0-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-ssri. Preparing to unpack .../056-node-ssri_8.0.1-2_all.deb ... Unpacking node-ssri (8.0.1-2) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-unique-filename. Preparing to unpack .../057-node-unique-filename_1.1.1+ds-1_all.deb ... Unpacking node-unique-filename (1.1.1+ds-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-cacache. Preparing to unpack .../058-node-cacache_15.0.5+~cs13.9.21-3_all.deb ... Unpacking node-cacache (15.0.5+~cs13.9.21-3) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-clean-yaml-object. Preparing to unpack .../059-node-clean-yaml-object_0.1.0-5_all.deb ... Unpacking node-clean-yaml-object (0.1.0-5) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-clone. Preparing to unpack .../060-node-clone_2.1.2-3_all.deb ... Unpacking node-clone (2.1.2-3) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-color-name. Preparing to unpack .../061-node-color-name_1.1.4+~1.1.1-2_all.deb ... Unpacking node-color-name (1.1.4+~1.1.1-2) ... Selecting previously unselected package node-color-convert. Preparing to unpack .../062-node-color-convert_2.0.1-1_all.deb ... 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You can check the Node.js version with this command:
npm -v |
8.5.1 |
As always, I hope this helps those looking for concise and complete free answer.
Sqlite on Ubuntu
We decided to include some existing Sqlite databases in our AWS Ubuntu learning lab because they’re used by the Data Science courses (specifically, DS 250). Installing Sqlite is quite simple:
sudo apt install -y sqlite |
You can check the install by using the which utility, like:
which -a sqlite3 |
On Ubuntu, it should return:
/usr/bin/sqlite3 |
There is a friendly help document online that can provide insight in how to use Sqlite. You can create a new student.db database with the following syntax from the Ubuntu CLI (Command-Line Interface):
sqlite3 student.db |
It would return the following:
SQLite version 3.37.2 2022-01-06 13:25:41 Enter ".help" FOR usage hints. sqlite> |
A little warning about the simple example and how it opens only a transient in-memory database. If you want a persistent database, you must open sqlite3 without any arguments. Then, you must use the .open method to open a persistent student.db database create a file in the relative directory path where you launched sqlite3 executable. You can read more about persistent in Sqlite in the documentation.
.open student.db |
The alternative opens the student.db file in a fully qualified path:
.open /home/student/Code/sqlite/db/student.db |
If you type .databases at the sqlite> prompt it would return:
sqlite> .databases main: /home/student/Code/sqlite/db/student.db r/w |
Let’s create a script file that creates two tables, a foreign key reference from one of the tables to the other, and some data with the following create_sample.sql script:
-- Drop knight table if exists. DROP TABLE IF EXISTS knight; -- Drop kingdom table if exists. DROP TABLE IF EXISTS kingdom; -- Create normalized table kingdom CREATE TABLE kingdom ( kingdom_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY , kingdom_name VARCHAR(20) , population INTEGER , book VARCHAR(40)); -- Insert kingdom into table. INSERT INTO kingdom ( kingdom_id , kingdom_name , population , book ) VALUES ( 1, 'Narnia', 42100, 'Prince Caspian' ) ,( 2, 'Narnia', 77600, 'The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe' ) ,( 3, 'Camelot', 15200, 'The Once and Future King' ); -- Create normalized knight table. CREATE TABLE knight ( knight_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY , knight_name VARCHAR(22) , kingdom_allegiance_id INTEGER , allegiance_start_date text , allegiance_end_date text , book VARCHAR(40) , FOREIGN KEY (kingdom_allegiance_id) REFERENCES kingdom(kingdom_id)); -- Insert knights into table. INSERT INTO knight ( knight_id , knight_name , kingdom_allegiance_id , allegiance_start_date , allegiance_end_date , book ) VALUES ( 1, 'Peter the Magnificent', 2, '1272-03-20', '1292-06-19', 'The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe' ) ,( 2, 'Edmund the Just', 2, '1272-03-20', '1292-06-19', 'The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe' ) ,( 3, 'Susan the Gentle', 2, '1272-03-20', '1292-06-19', 'The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe' ) ,( 4, 'Lucy the Valiant', 2, '1272-03-20', '1292-06-19', 'The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe' ) ,( 5, 'Peter the Magnificent', 1, '1531-04-12', '1328-05-31', 'Prince Caspian' ) ,( 6, 'Edmund the Just', 1, '1531-04-12', '1328-05-31', 'Prince Caspian' ) ,( 7, 'Susan the Gentle', 1, '1531-04-12', '1328-05-31', 'Prince Caspian' ) ,( 8, 'Lucy the Valiant', 1, '1531-04-12', '1328-05-31', 'Prince Caspian' ) ,( 9, 'King Arthur', 3, '0631-03-10', '0686-12-12', 'The Once and Future King' ) ,( 10, 'Sir Lionel', 3, '0631-03-10', '0686-12-12', 'The Once and Future King' ) ,( 11, 'Sir Bors', 3, '0631-03-10', '0686-12-12', 'The Once and Future King' ) ,( 12, 'Sir Bors', 3, '0631-03-10', '0686-12-12', 'The Once and Future King' ) ,( 13, 'Sir Galahad', 3, '0631-03-10', '0686-12-12', 'The Once and Future King' ) ,( 14, 'Sir Gawain', 3, '0631-03-10', '0686-12-12', 'The Once and Future King' ) ,( 15, 'Sir Tristram', 3, '0631-03-10', '0686-12-12', 'The Once and Future King' ) ,( 16, 'Sir Percival', 3, '0631-03-10', '0686-12-12', 'The Once and Future King' ) ,( 17, 'Sir Lancelot', 3, '0631-03-10', '0686-12-12', 'The Once and Future King' ); |
You can run the create_sample.sql script with the following syntax using an absolute path:
sqlite> .read /home/student/Code/sqlite/create_tables.sql |
Then, you can write a query like this to retrieve the data from two tables:
SELECT k.kingdom_name , kn.knight_name FROM kingdom k INNER JOIN knight kn ON k.kingdom_id = kn.kingdom_allegiance_id WHERE k.book = 'Prince Caspian'; |
It will return the following:
Narnia|Peter the Magnificent Narnia|Edmund the Just Narnia|Susan the Gentle Narnia|Lucy the Valiant |
You can exit sqlite3 by entering .quit or Control+D (the system End-Of-File character). If you can determine whether you have a transient or persistent student.db database file with the long list (ll) command.
The following command:
ll /home/student/Code/sqlite/db/student.db |
should return the following:
-rw-r--r-- 1 student student 12288 Feb 9 23:01 /home/student/Code/sqlite/db/student.db |
If the command returned a 0 sized student.db database file, you created a transient Sqlite table. You’ll need to redo the creation of the student.db database file with the .open command as qualified above.
If you want to detach a database from your active Sqlite session, you can issue the following command to remove it:
sqlite> DETACH DATABASE student.db |
Let’s jazz it up a bit with some Python. The first example verifies the ODBC driver’s ability to connect to Sqlite. Please note that it returns the same result for a transient and persistent database file. You can refer to the following documentation for Python examples.
#!/usr/bin/python # Import sqlite3 ODBC library. import sqlite3 try: # Open a connection to the student.db database db = sqlite3.connect('/home/student/Code/sqlite/db/student.db') # Print a string to say you've connected to the student.db database. print("Sqlite database connection success.") except sqlite3.Error as e: print('SQLite error: %s' % (' '.join(e.args))) print("Exception class is: ", e.__class__) print('SQLite traceback: ') exc_type, exc_value, exc_tb = sys.exc_info() print(traceback.format_exception(exc_type, exc_value, exc_tb)) sys.exit(1) finally: # Close the connection when it is open. if db: db.close() |
You can run the sqlite_connection.py script with the following syntax from its local directory:
Sqlite database connection success. |
Assuming you have created a persistent Sqlite database, as qualified above with the .open command and fully qualified file name. A fully qualified file name as a path from a Linux mount point to the file.
You must use the fully qualified file name for a persistent Sqlite student.db database as the database parameter for the sqlite3.connect() method, as shown on line #9 of the sqlite_query.py program below.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 | #!/usr/bin/python # Import sys library. import sqlite3 try: # Open a connection to a persistent database, which should use # a fully qualified file name, but may use a relative file # name when the Python code is in the same directory as a # persistent student.db sqlite3 database. db = sqlite3.connect('/home/student/Code/sqlite/db/student.db') # Create a cursor. cursor = db.cursor() # Define a query. query = "SELECT k.kingdom_name " \ ", kn.knight_name " \ "FROM kingdom k INNER JOIN knight kn " \ "ON k.kingdom_id = kn.kingdom_allegiance_id " \ "WHERE k.book = 'Prince Caspian'" # Execute the cursor with the query. cursor.execute( query ) # Display the rows returned by the query. for (kingdom_name, knight_name) in cursor: print('{0} has {1}'.format( kingdom_name.title(), knight_name.title())) except sqlite3.Error as e: print('SQLite error: %s' % (' '.join(e.args))) print("Exception class is: ", e.__class__) print('SQLite traceback: ') exc_type, exc_value, exc_tb = sys.exc_info() print(traceback.format_exception(exc_type, exc_value, exc_tb)) sys.exit(1) finally: # Close the connection when it is open. if db: db.close() |
As always, I hope this helps those trying to get up and running with Sqlite.
Git Hub Desktop on Ubuntu
I need to install Git Hub Desktop on Ubuntu. It was quite straightforward:
bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kontr0x/github-desktop-install/main/installGitHubDesktop.sh)" |
Display detailed console log →
Starting install script... Downloading GitHubDesktop-linux-amd64-3.3.8-linux2.deb ... ############################################################################################################### 100.0% Download complete! Should the package be installed? (y/n) y Installing package, this requires sudo privileges! Selecting previously unselected package github-desktop. (Reading database ... 245728 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../GitHubDesktop-linux-amd64-3.3.8-linux2.deb ... Unpacking github-desktop (3.3.8-linux2) ... Setting up github-desktop (3.3.8-linux2) ... Processing triggers for mailcap (3.70+nmu1ubuntu1) ... Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.36.0-1ubuntu3) ... Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.26-1ubuntu3) ... Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.17-2) ... Package installed successfully Clean up downloaded file? (y/n) y File cleaned up! Thank you for using the script, have a nice day! |
You can find it in the 9-dot menu’s second page or launch it from the command line, like:
github-desktop |
Either will launch the GitHub Desktop, as shown below:
As always, I hope this helps those looking for concise and complete free answer on installing GitHub Desktop.
Ruby+PostgreSQL on Ubuntu
This extends the earlier post on installing and configuring Ruby 3.3.0 on Ubuntu 22.0.4. Please refer to that earlier post to install Ruby. This post shows you how to install the necessary libraries and Ruby Gems for PostgreSQL.
You need to install the libra-dev package, as shown:
sudo apt install postgresql libpq-dev |
Display detailed console log →
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done postgresql is already the newest version (14+238). Suggested packages: postgresql-doc-16 The following NEW packages will be installed: libpq-dev 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 6 not upgraded. Need to get 142 kB of archives. After this operation, 590 kB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y Get:1 https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/pgadmin/pgadmin4/apt/jammy pgadmin4/main amd64 libpq-dev amd64 16.1-1.pgdg22.04+1 [142 kB] Fetched 142 kB in 7s (20.7 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package libpq-dev. (Reading database ... 247065 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../libpq-dev_16.1-1.pgdg22.04+1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libpq-dev (16.1-1.pgdg22.04+1) ... Setting up libpq-dev (16.1-1.pgdg22.04+1) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ... |
Next, you need to install the PG Gem:
gem install pg |
Display detailed console log →
Fetching pg-1.5.4.gem Building native extensions. This could take a while... Successfully installed pg-1.5.4 Parsing documentation for pg-1.5.4 Installing ri documentation for pg-1.5.4 Done installing documentation for pg after 3 seconds 1 gem installed |
You can now write a postgres_version.rb program to verify a connection to the PostgreSQL database, like:
# Include Ruby Gem libraries. require 'rubygems' require 'pg' # Begin block. begin # Create a new connection resource. db = PG::connect( 'localhost', 5432, '', '', 'videodb', 'student', 'student') # Create a result set. stmt = db.query('SELECT version() AS version') # Read through the result set hash. stmt.each do | row | puts "#{row['version']}" end # Release the result set resources. stmt.freeze rescue PG::Error => e # Print the error. puts "ERROR #{e.error} (#{e.sqlstate})" puts "Can't connect to the PostgreSQL database specified." # Signal an error. exit 1 ensure # Close the connection when it is open. db.close if db end |
Call the postgres_version.rb program with this syntax:
ruby mysql_version.rb |
It should return:
PostgreSQL 14.10 (Ubuntu 14.10-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Ubuntu 11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04) 11.4.0, 64-bit |
The postgres_columns.rb script returns a couple columns concatenated into a single column:
# Include Ruby Gem libraries. require 'rubygems' require 'pg' # Begin block. begin # Create a new connection resource. db = PG::connect( 'localhost', 5432, '', '', 'videodb', 'student', 'student') # Create a result set. stmt = db.query("SELECT CONCAT(nh.last_name, ', ', nh.first_name) AS name " + \ "FROM new_hire nh " + \ "ORDER BY nh.last_name") # Read through the result set hash. stmt.each do | row | out = "" i = 0 while i < stmt.fields.count() # Check when not last column and use the: # - Hash returned by the result set for the value, and # - String array value returned by the statement object # as the name value of the hash by leveraging its # numeric index. if i < stmt.fields.count() - 1 out += "#{row[stmt.fields[i]]}" out += ", " else out += "#{row[stmt.fields[i]]}" end i += 1 end puts "#{out}" end # Release the result set resources. stmt.freeze rescue PG::Error => e # Print the error. puts "ERROR #{e.error} (#{e.sqlstate})" puts "Can't connect to PostgreSQL database specified." # Signal an error. exit 1 ensure # Close the connection when it is open. db.close if db end |
Call the postgres_columns.rb program with this syntax:
ruby mysql_columns.rb |
It should return:
Chabot, Henry Lewis, Malcolm |
As always, I hope this helps those looking to learn and solve a problem. You can find the PG Gem documentation here.
VSCode Package Error
While running an update on Ubuntu 22.0.4 with the following syntax I got an error on finding the VSCode Package. I ran this to update before adding Ruby and Rails to an Ubuntu virtual machine instance.
sudo apt-get update |
Display detailed console log →
Hit:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy InRelease Get:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security InRelease [110 kB] Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates InRelease [119 kB] Hit:4 https://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable InRelease Ign:5 https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/vscode/dists stable InRelease Err:6 https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/vscode/dists stable Release 404 Not Found [IP: 13.90.56.68 443] Hit:7 https://download.vscodium.com/debs vscodium InRelease Hit:8 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-backports InRelease Hit:9 https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/pgadmin/pgadmin4/apt/jammy pgadmin4 InRelease Reading package lists... Done E: The repository 'https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/vscode/dists stable Release' does not have a Release file. N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default. N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details. |
I manually moved the vscode.list file to my student user’s home directory and removed the file from /etc/apt/sources.list.d directory. This allowed me to update all other packages.
Don’t forget to replace the vscode.list file in the /etc/apt/sources.list.d directory.
Ruby+MySQL on Ubuntu
This post goes through installing and configuring Ruby and Ruby on Rails for MySQL. The first step requires updating the Ubuntu OS:
sudo apt-get update |
Interestingly, I found that the man-db service had inadvertently stopped. It raised the following error:
E: dpkg was interrupted, you must manually run 'sudo dpkg --configure -a' to correct the problem. |
You run this command to find the problem with the dpkg utility:
sudo dpkg --configure -a |
It returned:
Setting up man-db (2.10.2-1) ... Updating database of manual pages ... man-db.service is a disabled or a static unit not running, not starting it. |
The following command started the man-db service:
sudo systemctl start man-db.service |
Next, you install the prerequisite packages with this command:
sudo apt-get install -y git-core zlib1g-dev build-essential libssl-dev libreadline-dev libyaml-dev libsqlite3-dev sqlite3 libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev software-properties-common libffi-dev |
Display detailed console log →
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done Note, selecting 'git' instead of 'git-core' build-essential is already the newest version (12.9ubuntu3). build-essential set to manually installed. libreadline-dev is already the newest version (8.1.2-1). libreadline-dev set to manually installed. git is already the newest version (1:2.34.1-1ubuntu1.10). git set to manually installed. software-properties-common is already the newest version (0.99.22.9). zlib1g-dev is already the newest version (1:1.2.11.dfsg-2ubuntu9.2). zlib1g-dev set to manually installed. The following additional packages will be installed: libssl3 Suggested packages: libcurl4-doc libidn11-dev libkrb5-dev libldap2-dev librtmp-dev libssh2-1-dev sqlite3-doc libssl-doc libyaml-doc The following NEW packages will be installed: libcurl4-openssl-dev libffi-dev libsqlite3-dev libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev libyaml-dev sqlite3 The following packages will be upgraded: libssl-dev libssl3 2 upgraded, 7 newly installed, 0 to remove and 18 not upgraded. Need to get 7,426 kB of archives. After this operation, 12.8 MB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libssl-dev amd64 3.0.2-0ubuntu1.13 [2,374 kB] Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libssl3 amd64 3.0.2-0ubuntu1.13 [1,902 kB] Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libcurl4-openssl-dev amd64 7.81.0-1ubuntu1.15 [386 kB] Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libsqlite3-dev amd64 3.37.2-2ubuntu0.3 [846 kB] Get:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libxml2-dev amd64 2.9.13+dfsg-1ubuntu0.3 [804 kB] Get:6 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libxslt1-dev amd64 1.1.34-4ubuntu0.22.04.1 [219 kB] Get:7 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 sqlite3 amd64 3.37.2-2ubuntu0.3 [768 kB] Get:8 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libffi-dev amd64 3.4.2-4 [63.7 kB] Get:9 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 libyaml-dev amd64 0.2.2-1build2 [62.8 kB] Fetched 7,426 kB in 1s (5,467 kB/s) Preconfiguring packages ... (Reading database ... 246735 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../libssl-dev_3.0.2-0ubuntu1.13_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libssl-dev:amd64 (3.0.2-0ubuntu1.13) over (3.0.2-0ubuntu1.12) ... Preparing to unpack .../libssl3_3.0.2-0ubuntu1.13_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libssl3:amd64 (3.0.2-0ubuntu1.13) over (3.0.2-0ubuntu1.12) ... Setting up libssl3:amd64 (3.0.2-0ubuntu1.13) ... Selecting previously unselected package libcurl4-openssl-dev:amd64. (Reading database ... 246735 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../0-libcurl4-openssl-dev_7.81.0-1ubuntu1.15_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libcurl4-openssl-dev:amd64 (7.81.0-1ubuntu1.15) ... Selecting previously unselected package libsqlite3-dev:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../1-libsqlite3-dev_3.37.2-2ubuntu0.3_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libsqlite3-dev:amd64 (3.37.2-2ubuntu0.3) ... Selecting previously unselected package libxml2-dev:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../2-libxml2-dev_2.9.13+dfsg-1ubuntu0.3_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libxml2-dev:amd64 (2.9.13+dfsg-1ubuntu0.3) ... Selecting previously unselected package libxslt1-dev:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../3-libxslt1-dev_1.1.34-4ubuntu0.22.04.1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libxslt1-dev:amd64 (1.1.34-4ubuntu0.22.04.1) ... Selecting previously unselected package sqlite3. Preparing to unpack .../4-sqlite3_3.37.2-2ubuntu0.3_amd64.deb ... Unpacking sqlite3 (3.37.2-2ubuntu0.3) ... Selecting previously unselected package libffi-dev:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../5-libffi-dev_3.4.2-4_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libffi-dev:amd64 (3.4.2-4) ... Selecting previously unselected package libyaml-dev:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../6-libyaml-dev_0.2.2-1build2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libyaml-dev:amd64 (0.2.2-1build2) ... Setting up libyaml-dev:amd64 (0.2.2-1build2) ... Setting up libffi-dev:amd64 (3.4.2-4) ... Setting up libxml2-dev:amd64 (2.9.13+dfsg-1ubuntu0.3) ... Setting up libsqlite3-dev:amd64 (3.37.2-2ubuntu0.3) ... Setting up libcurl4-openssl-dev:amd64 (7.81.0-1ubuntu1.15) ... Setting up libssl-dev:amd64 (3.0.2-0ubuntu1.13) ... Setting up sqlite3 (3.37.2-2ubuntu0.3) ... Setting up libxslt1-dev:amd64 (1.1.34-4ubuntu0.22.04.1) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ... Processing triggers for install-info (6.8-4build1) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.35-0ubuntu3.6) ... |
Use the cd command to change to the student home directory. Clone the asdf as the multiple runtime version manager with this command:
git clone https://github.com/excid3/asdf.git ~/.asdf |
The following is the output of the git clone command:
Cloning into '/home/student/.asdf'... remote: Enumerating objects: 8756, done. remote: Counting objects: 100% (829/829), done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (476/476), done. remote: Total 8756 (delta 428), reused 657 (delta 334), pack-reused 7927 Receiving objects: 100% (8756/8756), 3.10 MiB | 4.29 MiB/s, done. Resolving deltas: 100% (5148/5148), done. |
Next, you fix your .bashrc file by adding the following components:
echo '. "$HOME/.asdf/asdf.sh"' >> ~/.bashrc echo '. "$HOME/.asdf/completions/asdf.bash"' >> ~/.bashrc echo 'legacy_version_file = yes' >> ~/.asdfrc echo 'export EDITOR="code --wait"' >> ~/.bashrc |
Source the modifies shell, which you can do like this:
exec $SHELL |
or, like:
. ${HOME}/.bashrc |
Add the following asdf plug-ins:
asdf plugin add ruby asdf plugin add nodejs |
Install Ruby with the following command:
asdf install ruby 3.3.0 |
Display detailed console log →
Downloading ruby-build...
==> Downloading ruby-3.3.0.tar.gz...
-> curl -q -fL -o ruby-3.3.0.tar.gz https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/3.3/ruby-3.3.0.tar.gz
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 21.0M 100 21.0M 0 0 10.1M 0 0:00:02 0:00:02 --:--:-- 10.1M
==> Installing ruby-3.3.0...
-> ./configure "--prefix=$HOME/.asdf/installs/ruby/3.3.0" --enable-shared --with-ext=openssl,psych,+
-> make -j 2
-> make install
==> Installed ruby-3.3.0 to /home/student/.asdf/installs/ruby/3.3.0
asdf: Warn: You have configured asdf to preserve downloaded files (with always_keep_download=yes or --keep-download). But
asdf: Warn: the current plugin (ruby) does not support that. Downloaded files will not be preserved. |
Install Ruby Global with this syntax:
asdf global ruby 3.3.0 |
Update the Ruby Gems with this command:
gem update --system |
Display detailed console log →
Updating rubygems-update Fetching rubygems-update-3.5.5.gem Successfully installed rubygems-update-3.5.5 Parsing documentation for rubygems-update-3.5.5 Installing ri documentation for rubygems-update-3.5.5 Done installing documentation for rubygems-update after 1 seconds Parsing documentation for rubygems-update-3.5.5 Done installing documentation for rubygems-update after 0 seconds Installing RubyGems 3.5.5 Successfully built RubyGem Name: bundler Version: 2.5.5 File: bundler-2.5.5.gem Bundler 2.5.5 installed RubyGems 3.5.5 installed Regenerating binstubs Regenerating plugins Parsing documentation for rubygems-3.5.5 Installing ri documentation for rubygems-3.5.5 # 3.5.5 / 2024-01-18 ## Enhancements: * Installs bundler 2.5.5 as a default gem. ## Bug fixes: * Fix `require` activation conflicts when requiring default gems under some situations. Pull request [#7379](https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/pull/7379) by deivid-rodriguez * Use cache_home instead of data_home in default_spec_cache_dir. Pull request [#7331](https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/pull/7331) by mrkn ## Documentation: * Use squiggly heredocs in `Gem::Specification#description` documentation, so it doesn't add leading whitespace. Pull request [#7373](https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/pull/7373) by bravehager # 3.5.4 / 2024-01-04 ## Enhancements: * Always avoid "Updating rubygems-update" message. Pull request [#7335](https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/pull/7335) by deivid-rodriguez * Installs bundler 2.5.4 as a default gem. ## Bug fixes: * Make `gem update --system` respect ruby version constraints. Pull request [#7334](https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/pull/7334) by deivid-rodriguez ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ RubyGems installed the following executables: /home/student/.asdf/installs/ruby/3.3.0/bin/gem /home/student/.asdf/installs/ruby/3.3.0/bin/bundle /home/student/.asdf/installs/ruby/3.3.0/bin/bundler Ruby Interactive (ri) documentation was installed. ri is kind of like man pages for Ruby libraries. You may access it like this: ri Classname ri Classname.class_method ri Classname#instance_method If you do not wish to install this documentation in the future, use the --no-document flag, or set it as the default in your ~/.gemrc file. See 'gem help env' for details. RubyGems system software updated |
You can confirm your Ruby install with two commands. First, use the which utility to check the Ruby install:
which -a ruby |
It should return:
/home/student/.asdf/shims/ruby |
Then, check the Ruby version:
ruby -v |
It should return:
ruby 3.3.0 (2023-12-25 revision 5124f9ac75) [x86_64-linux] |
Assuming you’ve installed and configured MySQL 8 on Ubuntu, you need this additional library to support the necessary Ruby Gem:
sudo apt-get install -y libmysqlclient-dev |
Now, you can install the current MySQL Ruby Gem:
gem install mysql2 |
You can now write a mysql_connection.rb program to verify a connection to the MySQL 8 database, like:
# Include Ruby Gem libraries. require 'rubygems' require 'mysql2' begin # Create new database connection. db = Mysql2::Client.new( :host => 'localhost' \ , :username => 'student' \ , :password => 'student' \ , :database => 'studentdb') # Create a result set. stmt = db.query('SELECT version() AS version') # Read through the result set hash. stmt.each do | row | puts "#{row['version']}" end # Release the result set resources. stmt.free rescue Mysql2::Error => e # Print the error. puts "ERROR #{e.errno} (#{e.sqlstate}): #{e.error}" puts "Can't connect to the MySQL database specified." # Signal an error. exit 1 ensure # Close the connection when it is open. db.close if db end |
Call the program with this syntax:
ruby mysql_connection.rb |
It should return:
Connected to the MySQL database server. |
You can verify the version with this mysql_version.rb program:
# Include Ruby Gem libraries. require 'rubygems' require 'mysql2' begin # Create new database connection. db = Mysql2::Client.new( :host => 'localhost' \ , :username => 'student' \ , :password => 'student' \ , :database => 'studentdb') # Create a result set. rs = db.query('SELECT version() AS version') # Read through the result set hash. rs.each do | row | puts "#{row['version']}" end # Release the result set resources. rs.free rescue Mysql2::Error => e # Print the error. puts "ERROR #{e.errno} (#{e.sqlstate}): #{e.error}" puts "Can't connect to the MySQL database specified." # Signal an error. exit 1 ensure # Close the connection when it is open. db.close if db end |
On Ubuntu, it should return:
8.0.35-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 |
If you don’t know anything about the mysql2 Ruby Gem, you should read the documentation. It’s very concise and requires a basic understanding of Ruby programming. The two specific pages who may want to check for the next examples are:
- The Mysql2 Statement Class list.
- The Mysql2 Result Class List
The mysql_version.rb version uses the known string literal for columns or column aliases returned by the SQL statement, which becomes the stmt (or statement) in the program. The next program eliminates the need to enumerate with the text-based columns from the query by using the Statement#fields array values by use of a numeric index. The numeric index returns the field names from the Statement#fields class to use in as the name for values in the Result#fields value found in the row variable of the for loop.
# Include Ruby Gem libraries. require 'rubygems' require 'mysql2' # Begin block. begin # Create a new connection resource. db = Mysql2::Client.new( :host => 'localhost' \ , :username => 'student' \ , :password => 'student' \ , :database => 'studentdb') # Create a result set. stmt = db.query("SELECT DISTINCT i.item_title, ra.rating " + \ "FROM item i INNER JOIN rating_agency ra " + \ "ON i.item_rating_id = ra.rating_agency_id " + \ "WHERE ra.rating_agency = 'MPAA'" + \ "ORDER BY 1") # Read through the result set hash. stmt.each do | row | out = "" i = 0 while i < stmt.fields.count() # Check when not last column and use the: # - Hash returned by the result set for the value, and # - String array value returned by the statement object # as the name value of the hash by leveraging its # numeric index. if i < stmt.fields.count() - 1 out += "#{row[stmt.fields[i]]}" out += ", " else out += "#{row[stmt.fields[i]]}" end i += 1 end puts "#{out}" end # Release the result set resources. stmt.free rescue Mysql2::Error => e # Print the error. puts "ERROR #{e.errno} (#{e.sqlstate}): #{e.error}" puts "Can't connect to MySQL database specified." # Signal an error. exit 1 ensure # Close the connection when it is open. db.close if db end |
It returns the select two columns from the query:
A Man for All Seasons, G Around the World in 80 Days, G Beau Geste, PG Brave Heart, R Camelot, G Casino Royale, PG-13 ... Tomorrow Never Dies, PG-13 Tora! Tora! Tora!, G Tron, PG |
The following mysql_query_params.rb Ruby example accepts a single argument to leverage a wild card query in MySQL:
require 'rubygems' require 'mysql2' # Input external arguments. arguments = ARGV # Check for one input parameter and substitute an empty string # when one isn't found. if arguments.length == 1 argument = arguments[0] else argument = "" end # Begin block. begin # Create a new connection resource. db = Mysql2::Client.new( :host => 'localhost' \ , :username => 'student' \ , :password => 'student' \ , :database => 'studentdb') # Create a result set. stmt = db.prepare("SELECT DISTINCT i.item_title, ra.rating " + \ "FROM item i INNER JOIN rating_agency ra " + \ "ON i.item_rating_id = ra.rating_agency_id " + \ "WHERE ra.rating_agency = 'MPAA'" + \ "AND i.item_title LIKE CONCAT(?,'%')" + \ "ORDER BY 1") # Bind the variable into the query. rs = stmt.execute(argument) # Read through the result set hash. rs.each do | row | out = "" i = 0 while i < rs.fields.count() # Check when not last column and use the: # - Hash returned by the result set for the value, and # - String array value returned by the statement object # as the name value of the hash by leveraging its # numeric index. if i < rs.fields.count() - 1 out += "#{row[rs.fields[i]]}" out += ", " else out += "#{row[rs.fields[i]]}" end i += 1 end puts "#{out}" end # Release the result set resources. rs.free rescue Mysql2::Error => e # Print the error. puts "ERROR #{e.errno} (#{e.sqlstate}): #{e.error}" puts "Can't connect to MySQL database specified." # Signal an error. exit 1 ensure # Close the connection when it is open. db.close if db end |
If you call the mysql_query_params.rb program with this syntax:
ruby mysql_aquery_params.rb Harry |
It’ll return the following from the studentdb database:
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, PG Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Part 1, PG-13 Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Part 2, PG-13 Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, PG-13 Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince, PG Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, PG-13 Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, PG Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, PG |
After that, you should install Rails (check for current version beyond 1/2024). Install Ruby Global with this syntax:
gem install rails -v 7.1.3 |
Check the version installed:
rails -v |
It should return:
Rails 7.1.3 |
Run this command to enable Rails for MySQL 8:
rails new myapp -d mysql |
If you want to configure a username and password for MySQL, edit the config/database.yml file.
As always, I hope this helps somebody looking for step-by-step guide.
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