Archive for the ‘AlmaLinux’ Category
PostgreSQL User Password
Miraculous events happen on my students’ computers almost weekly. For example, one couldn’t remember their student user’s password, which I set by default. How did they change it? They don’t recall.
Assuming you have sudoer authority on a Linux operating system, you can change a PostgreSQL user’s password as follows:
- Assume the root user’s role with the following command:
sudo sh
- As the root user, assume the postgres user’s role with the following command:
su - postgres - As the postgres user, connect to the PostgreSQL database with the following command:
psql -U postgres - Assuming the user’s name is student and you want to set the password to a trivial value like student, use the following command:
ALTER USER student WITH ENCRYPTED PASSWORD 'student';
As always, I hope this helps somebody trying to sort out the syntax and workflow.
AlmaLinxu + javac
I neglected to show how to install and configure the Java SDK on my earlier post without relying on including the $JAVA_HOME in the $PATH. This post shows how to install the Java and Java SDK on Alma Linux without layering it with the $JAVA_HOME environment variable.
You install the Java runtime and development kit with the following command:
sudo dnf install -y java-17-openjdk java-17-openjdk-devel |
Then, you need to add it to the $PATH environment variable with the following syntax in your .bashrc file or environment file of your choice.
export set PATH=$PATH:/usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk-17.0.8.0.7-2.el9.x86_64/bin/ |
After you source the new $PATH environment value, you can then write a file like this Hello.java file to test it.
// Define the Java program. public class HelloWorld { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello World!"); } } |
You compile the Hello.java file with this syntax:
javac Hello.java |
Then, you run the compiled program with the following syntax:
java Hello |
It’ll print:
Hello World! |
User/Group Setups
The following are samples of creating, changing, and removing users and groups in Linux. These are the command-line options in the event you don’t have access to the GUI tools.
Managing Users:
Adding a user:
The prototype is:
# useradd [-u uid] [-g initial_group] [-G group[,...]] \ > [-d home_directory] [-s shell] [-c comment] \ > [-m [-k skeleton_directory]] [-f inactive_time] \ > [-e expire_date] -n username |
A sample implementation of the prototype is:
# useradd -u 502 -g dba -G users,root \ > -d /u02/oracle -s /bin/tcsh -c "Oracle Account" \ > -f 7 -e 12/31/03 -n jdoe |
Modifying a user:
The prototype is:
# usermod [-u uid] [-g initial_group] [-G group[,...]] \ > [-d home_directory] [-s shell] [-c comment] \ > [-l new_username ] [-f inactive_time] [-e expire_date] > username |
A sample implementation of the prototype is:
# usermod -u 502 -g dba -G users,root > -d /u02/oracle -s /bin/bash -c "Senior DBA" > -l sdba -f 7 -e 12/31/03 jdoe |
Removing a user:
The prototype is:
# userdel [-r] username |
A sample implementation of the prototype is:
# userdel -r jdoe |
Managing Groups:
Adding a group:
The prototype is:
# groupadd [-g gid] [-rf] groupname |
A sample implementation of the prototype is:
# groupadd -g 500 dba |
Modifying a group:
The prototype is:
# groupmod [-g gid] [-n new_group_name] groupname |
A sample implementation of the prototype is:
# groupmod -g 500 -n dba oinstall |
Deleting a group:
The prototype is:
# groupdel groupname |
A sample implementation of the prototype is:
# groupdel dba |
Installing a GUI Manager for Users and Groups:
If you’re the root user or enjoy sudoer privileges, you can install the following GUI package for these tasks:
yum install -y system-config-users |
You can verify the GUI user management tool is present with the following command:
which system-config-users |
It should return this:
/bin/system-config-users |
You can run the GUI user management tool from the root user account or any sudoer account. The following shows how to launch the GUI User Manager from a sudoer account:
sudo system-config-users |
As always, I hope this helps those trying to figure out the proper syntax.
Listener for APEX
Unless dbca lets us build the listener.ora file, we often leave off some component. For example, running listener control program the following status indicates an incorrectly configured listener.ora file.
lsnrctl status |
It returns the following, which displays an endpoint for the XDB Server (I’m using Oracle Database 11g XE because it’s pre-containerized and has a small testing footprint):
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production on 24-MAR-2023 00:59:06 Copyright (c) 1991, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC_FOR_XE))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production Start Date 21-MAR-2023 21:17:37 Uptime 2 days 3 hr. 41 min. 29 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Default Service XE Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/xe/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC_FOR_XE))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=8080))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW)) Services Summary... Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s). Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "XE" has 1 instance(s). Instance "XE", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "XEXDB" has 1 instance(s). Instance "XE", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully |
The listener is missing the second SID_LIST_LISTENER value of CLRExtProc value. A complete listener.ora file should be as follows for the Oracle Database XE:
# listener.ora Network Configuration FILE: SID_LIST_LISTENER = (SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc) (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/xe) (PROGRAM = extproc) ) (SID_DESC = (SID_NAME = CLRExtProc) (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/xe) (PROGRAM = extproc) ) ) LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC_FOR_XE)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost.localdomain)(PORT = 1521)) ) ) DEFAULT_SERVICE_LISTENER = (XE) |
With this listener.ora file, the Oracle listener control utility will return the following correct status, which hides the XDB Server’s endpoint:
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production on 24-MAR-2023 02:38:57 Copyright (c) 1991, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC_FOR_XE))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.2.0 - Production Start Date 24-MAR-2023 02:38:15 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 42 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Default Service XE Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/xe/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/xe/log/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC_FOR_XE))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "CLRExtProc" has 1 instance(s). Instance "CLRExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s). Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully |
It seems a number of examples on the web left the SID_LIST_LISTENER value of CLRExtProc value out of the listener.ora file. As always, I hope this helps those looking for a complete solution rather than generic instructions without a concrete example.
AWS EC2 TNS Listener
Having configured an AlmaLinux 8.6 with Oracle Database 11g XE, MySQL 8.0.30, and PostgreSQL 15, we migrated it to AWS EC2 and provisioned it. We used the older and de-supported Oracle Database 11g XE because it didn’t require any kernel modifications and had a much smaller footprint.
I had to address why attempting to connect with the sqlplus utility raised the following error after provisioning a copy with a new static IP address:
ERROR: ORA-12514: TNS:listener does NOT currently know OF service requested IN CONNECT descriptor |
A connection from SQL Developer raises a more addressable error, like:
ORA-17069 |
I immediately tried to check the connection with the tnsping utility and found that tnsping worked fine. However, when I tried to connect with the sqlplus utility it raised an ORA-12514 connection error.
There were no diagnostic steps beyond checking the tnsping utility. So, I had to experiment with what might block communication.
I changed the host name from ip-172-58-65-82.us-west-2.compute.internal to a localhost string in both the listener.ora and tnsnames.ora. The listener.ora file:
# listener.ora Network Configuration FILE: SID_LIST_LISTENER = (SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc) (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/xe) (PROGRAM = extproc) ) ) LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC_FOR_XE)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521)) ) ) DEFAULT_SERVICE_LISTENER = (XE) |
The tnsnames.ora file:
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration FILE: XE = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = XE) ) ) EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC_FOR_XE)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SID = PLSExtProc) (PRESENTATION = RO) ) ) |
I suspected that it might be related to the localhost value. So, I checked the /etc/hostname and /etc/hosts files.
Then, I modified /etc/hostname file by removing the AWS EC2 damain address. I did it on a memory that Oracle’s TNS raises errors for dots or periods in some addresses.
The /etc/hostname file:
ip-172-58-65-82 |
The /etc/hosts file:
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ip-172-58-65-82 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 ip-172-58-65-82 |
Now, we can connect to the Oracle Database 11g XE instance with the sqlplus utility. I believe this type of solution will work for other AWS EC2 provisioned Oracle databases.
AlmaLinux Libraries
I discovered a dependency for MySQL Workbench on AlmaLinux 8 installation. I neglected to fully cover it when I documented the installation in a VM of AlmaLinux 9. I go back later and update that entry but for now you need the following dependencies:
proj-6.3.2-4.el8.x86_64.rpm proj-datumgrid-1.8-6.3.2.4.el8.noarch.rpm proj-devel-6.3.2-4.el8.x86_64.rpm |
Install like this:
sudo dnf install -y *.rpm |
Log file:
Last metadata expiration check: 3:01:53 ago on Fri 10 Feb 2023 03:37:49 AM UTC. Dependencies resolved. ========================================================================================== Package Architecture Version Repository Size ========================================================================================== Installing: proj x86_64 6.3.2-4.el8 @commandline 2.0 M proj-datumgrid noarch 1.8-6.3.2.4.el8 @commandline 5.4 M proj-devel x86_64 6.3.2-4.el8 @commandline 89 k Transaction Summary ========================================================================================== Install 3 Packages Total size: 7.5 M Installed size: 17 M Downloading Packages: Running transaction check Transaction check succeeded. Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded. Running transaction Preparing : 1/1 Installing : proj-datumgrid-1.8-6.3.2.4.el8.noarch 1/3 Installing : proj-6.3.2-4.el8.x86_64 2/3 Installing : proj-devel-6.3.2-4.el8.x86_64 3/3 Running scriptlet: proj-devel-6.3.2-4.el8.x86_64 3/3 Verifying : proj-6.3.2-4.el8.x86_64 1/3 Verifying : proj-datumgrid-1.8-6.3.2.4.el8.noarch 2/3 Verifying : proj-devel-6.3.2-4.el8.x86_64 3/3 Installed: proj-6.3.2-4.el8.x86_64 proj-datumgrid-1.8-6.3.2.4.el8.noarch proj-devel-6.3.2-4.el8.x86_64 Complete! |
A quick update while installing AlmaLinux for AWS.
AlmaLinux Install & Configuration
This is a collection of blog posts for installing and configuring AlmaLinux with the Oracle, PostgreSQL, MySQL databases and several programming languages. Sample programs show how to connect PHP and Python to the MySQL database.
- Installing AlmaLinux operating system
- Installing and configuring MySQL
- Installing Python-MySQL connector and provide sample programs
- Configuring Flask for Python on AlmaLinux with a complete software router instruction set.
- Installing Rust programming language and writing a sample program
- Installing and configuring LAMP stack with PHP and MySQL and a self-signed security key
- MySQL PNG Images in LAMP with PHP Programming
- Demonstration of how to write Perl that connects to MySQL
- Installing and configuring MySQL Workbench
- Installing and configuring PostgreSQL and pgAdmin4
- Identifying the required libnsl2-devel packages for SQL*Plus
- Writing and deploying a sqlplus function to use a read line wrapper
- Installing and configuring Visual Studio Code Editor
- Installing and configuring Java with connectivity to MySQL
- Installing and configuring Oracle SQL Developer
I used Oracle Database 11g XE in this instance to keep the footprint as small as possible. It required a few tricks and discovering the missing library that caused folks grief eleven years ago. I build another with a current Oracle Database XE after the new year.
If you see something that I missed or you’d like me to add, let me know. As time allows, I’ll try to do that. Naturally, the post will get updates as things are added later.
AlmaLinux+VSCode
How to install and configure VSCode on AlmaLinux (Red Hat Enterprise 9). This is a step-by-step version of the Visual Studio documentation. The first thing you do is download the Microsoft packages:
sudo rpm --import https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc |
Next, create the yum repository with the following command:
sudo sh -c 'echo -e "[code]\nname=Visual Studio Code\nbaseurl=https://packages.microsoft.com/yumrepos/vscode\nenabled=1\ngpgcheck=1\ngpgkey=https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc" > /etc/yum.repos.d/vscode.repo' |
It creates the following vscode.repo file in the /etc/yum.repos.d directory:
[code] name=Visual Studio Code baseurl=https://packages.microsoft.com/yumrepos/vscode enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc |
Then, update the package cache and install the package using dnf dnf, like this as the sudoer user:
sudo dnf check-update |
The log file for this is:
Display detailed console log →
AlmaLinux 9 - AppStream 2.9 MB/s | 7.0 MB 00:02
AlmaLinux 9 - BaseOS 1.6 MB/s | 2.0 MB 00:01
AlmaLinux 9 - Extras 19 kB/s | 17 kB 00:00
Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 9 - x86_64 1.3 MB/s | 12 MB 00:09
PostgreSQL common RPMs for RHEL / Rocky 9 - x86 103 B/s | 195 B 00:01
PostgreSQL common RPMs for RHEL / Rocky 9 - x86 1.6 MB/s | 1.7 kB 00:00
Importing GPG key 0x442DF0F8:
Userid : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsql-pkg-yum@postgresql.org>"
Fingerprint: 68C9 E2B9 1A37 D136 FE74 D176 1F16 D2E1 442D F0F8
From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
Is this ok [y/N]: y
PostgreSQL common RPMs for RHEL / Rocky 9 - x86 114 kB/s | 341 kB 00:02
PostgreSQL 15 for RHEL / Rocky 9 - x86_64 159 B/s | 195 B 00:01
PostgreSQL 15 for RHEL / Rocky 9 - x86_64 1.6 MB/s | 1.7 kB 00:00
Importing GPG key 0x442DF0F8:
Userid : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsql-pkg-yum@postgresql.org>"
Fingerprint: 68C9 E2B9 1A37 D136 FE74 D176 1F16 D2E1 442D F0F8
From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
Is this ok [y/N]: y
PostgreSQL 15 for RHEL / Rocky 9 - x86_64 47 kB/s | 159 kB 00:03
PostgreSQL 14 for RHEL / Rocky 9 - x86_64 114 B/s | 195 B 00:01
PostgreSQL 14 for RHEL / Rocky 9 - x86_64 1.6 MB/s | 1.7 kB 00:00
Importing GPG key 0x442DF0F8:
Userid : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsql-pkg-yum@postgresql.org>"
Fingerprint: 68C9 E2B9 1A37 D136 FE74 D176 1F16 D2E1 442D F0F8
From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
Is this ok [y/N]: y
PostgreSQL 14 for RHEL / Rocky 9 - x86_64 129 kB/s | 406 kB 00:03
PostgreSQL 13 for RHEL / Rocky 9 - x86_64 103 B/s | 195 B 00:01
PostgreSQL 13 for RHEL / Rocky 9 - x86_64 1.6 MB/s | 1.7 kB 00:00
Importing GPG key 0x442DF0F8:
Userid : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsql-pkg-yum@postgresql.org>"
Fingerprint: 68C9 E2B9 1A37 D136 FE74 D176 1F16 D2E1 442D F0F8
From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
Is this ok [y/N]: y
PostgreSQL 13 for RHEL / Rocky 9 - x86_64 127 kB/s | 384 kB 00:03
PostgreSQL 12 for RHEL / Rocky 9 - x86_64 139 B/s | 195 B 00:01
PostgreSQL 12 for RHEL / Rocky 9 - x86_64 1.6 MB/s | 1.7 kB 00:00
Importing GPG key 0x442DF0F8:
Userid : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsql-pkg-yum@postgresql.org>"
Fingerprint: 68C9 E2B9 1A37 D136 FE74 D176 1F16 D2E1 442D F0F8
From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
Is this ok [y/N]: y
PostgreSQL 12 for RHEL / Rocky 9 - x86_64 137 kB/s | 349 kB 00:02
PostgreSQL 11 for RHEL / Rocky 9 - x86_64 159 B/s | 195 B 00:01
PostgreSQL 11 for RHEL / Rocky 9 - x86_64 1.6 MB/s | 1.7 kB 00:00
Importing GPG key 0x442DF0F8:
Userid : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsql-pkg-yum@postgresql.org>"
Fingerprint: 68C9 E2B9 1A37 D136 FE74 D176 1F16 D2E1 442D F0F8
From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
Is this ok [y/N]: y
PostgreSQL 11 for RHEL / Rocky 9 - x86_64 102 kB/s | 350 kB 00:03
PostgreSQL 10 for RHEL / Rocky 9 - x86_64 113 B/s | 195 B 00:01
PostgreSQL 10 for RHEL / Rocky 9 - x86_64 1.6 MB/s | 1.7 kB 00:00
Importing GPG key 0x442DF0F8:
Userid : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsql-pkg-yum@postgresql.org>"
Fingerprint: 68C9 E2B9 1A37 D136 FE74 D176 1F16 D2E1 442D F0F8
From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
Is this ok [y/N]: y
PostgreSQL 10 for RHEL / Rocky 9 - x86_64 66 kB/s | 197 kB 00:02
Visual Studio Code 7.5 MB/s | 31 MB 00:04
NetworkManager.x86_64 1:1.40.0-1.el9 baseos
NetworkManager-adsl.x86_64 1:1.40.0-1.el9 baseos
NetworkManager-bluetooth.x86_64 1:1.40.0-1.el9 baseos
NetworkManager-config-server.noarch 1:1.40.0-1.el9 baseos
NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64 1:1.40.0-1.el9 baseos
NetworkManager-team.x86_64 1:1.40.0-1.el9 baseos
NetworkManager-tui.x86_64 1:1.40.0-1.el9 baseos
NetworkManager-wifi.x86_64 1:1.40.0-1.el9 baseos
NetworkManager-wwan.x86_64 1:1.40.0-1.el9 baseos
aardvark-dns.x86_64 2:1.1.0-5.el9_1 appstream
almalinux-gpg-keys.x86_64 9.1-1.9.el9 baseos
almalinux-release.x86_64 9.1-1.9.el9 baseos
almalinux-repos.x86_64 9.1-1.9.el9 baseos
alsa-lib.x86_64 1.2.7.2-1.el9 appstream
alsa-ucm.noarch 1.2.7.2-1.el9 appstream
alsa-utils.x86_64 1.2.7-1.el9 appstream
annobin.x86_64 10.73-3.el9 appstream
ansible-core.x86_64 2.13.3-1.el9 appstream
at.x86_64 3.1.23-11.el9 baseos
audit.x86_64 3.0.7-103.el9 baseos
audit-libs.x86_64 3.0.7-103.el9 baseos
augeas-libs.x86_64 1.13.0-2.el9 appstream
authselect.x86_64 1.2.5-1.el9 baseos
authselect-libs.x86_64 1.2.5-1.el9 baseos
bash.x86_64 5.1.8-5.el9 baseos
bcc.x86_64 0.24.0-4.el9 appstream
bcc-tools.x86_64 0.24.0-4.el9 appstream
bind-libs.x86_64 32:9.16.23-5.el9_1 appstream
bind-license.noarch 32:9.16.23-5.el9_1 appstream
bind-utils.x86_64 32:9.16.23-5.el9_1 appstream
binutils.x86_64 2.35.2-24.el9 baseos
binutils-gold.x86_64 2.35.2-24.el9 baseos
bluez.x86_64 5.64-2.el9 baseos
bluez-libs.x86_64 5.64-2.el9 baseos
bluez-obexd.x86_64 5.64-2.el9 appstream
boost-filesystem.x86_64 1.75.0-8.el9 appstream
boost-regex.x86_64 1.75.0-8.el9 appstream
boost-system.x86_64 1.75.0-8.el9 appstream
boost-thread.x86_64 1.75.0-8.el9 appstream
bpftool.x86_64 5.14.0-162.6.1.el9_1 baseos
bpftrace.x86_64 0.13.1-1.el9 appstream
buildah.x86_64 1:1.27.2-2.el9_1 appstream
cargo.x86_64 1.62.1-1.el9 appstream
checkpolicy.x86_64 3.4-1.el9 appstream
chrony.x86_64 4.2-1.el9 baseos
clang-libs.x86_64 14.0.6-1.el9 appstream
clang-resource-filesystem.x86_64 14.0.6-1.el9 appstream
clevis.x86_64 18-106.el9 appstream
clevis-luks.x86_64 18-106.el9 appstream
cockpit.x86_64 276.1-1.el9 baseos
cockpit-bridge.x86_64 276.1-1.el9 baseos
cockpit-packagekit.noarch 276.1-1.el9 appstream
cockpit-podman.noarch 53-1.el9 appstream
cockpit-storaged.noarch 276.1-1.el9 appstream
cockpit-system.noarch 276.1-1.el9 baseos
cockpit-ws.x86_64 276.1-1.el9 baseos
compiler-rt.x86_64 14.0.6-1.el9 appstream
conmon.x86_64 2:2.1.4-1.el9 appstream
container-selinux.noarch 3:2.189.0-1.el9 appstream
containernetworking-plugins.x86_64 1:1.1.1-3.el9 appstream
containers-common.x86_64 2:1-45.el9_1 appstream
coreutils.x86_64 8.32-32.el9 baseos
coreutils-common.x86_64 8.32-32.el9 baseos
cpp.x86_64 11.3.1-2.1.el9.alma appstream
crash.x86_64 8.0.1-2.el9.alma appstream
criu.x86_64 3.17-4.el9 appstream
criu-libs.x86_64 3.17-4.el9 appstream
cronie.x86_64 1.5.7-8.el9 baseos
cronie-anacron.x86_64 1.5.7-8.el9 baseos
crun.x86_64 1.5-1.el9 appstream
crypto-policies.noarch 20220815-1.git0fbe86f.el9 baseos
crypto-policies-scripts.noarch 20220815-1.git0fbe86f.el9 baseos
cryptsetup.x86_64 2.4.3-5.el9 baseos
cryptsetup-libs.x86_64 2.4.3-5.el9 baseos
cups.x86_64 1:2.3.3op2-16.el9 appstream
cups-client.x86_64 1:2.3.3op2-16.el9 appstream
cups-filesystem.noarch 1:2.3.3op2-16.el9 appstream
cups-ipptool.x86_64 1:2.3.3op2-16.el9 appstream
cups-libs.x86_64 1:2.3.3op2-16.el9 baseos
curl.x86_64 7.76.1-19.el9 baseos
dbus.x86_64 1:1.12.20-6.el9 baseos
dbus-broker.x86_64 28-7.el9 baseos
desktop-file-utils.x86_64 0.26-6.el9 appstream
device-mapper.x86_64 9:1.02.185-3.el9 baseos
device-mapper-event.x86_64 9:1.02.185-3.el9 baseos
device-mapper-event-libs.x86_64 9:1.02.185-3.el9 baseos
device-mapper-libs.x86_64 9:1.02.185-3.el9 baseos
device-mapper-multipath.x86_64 0.8.7-12.el9_1.1 baseos
device-mapper-multipath-libs.x86_64 0.8.7-12.el9_1.1 baseos
device-mapper-persistent-data.x86_64 0.9.0-13.el9 baseos
dnf.noarch 4.12.0-4.el9.alma baseos
dnf-data.noarch 4.12.0-4.el9.alma baseos
dnf-plugins-core.noarch 4.1.0-3.el9 baseos
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pcp-pmda-weblog.x86_64 5.3.7-7.el9 appstream
pcp-pmda-zimbra.x86_64 5.3.7-7.el9 appstream
pcp-pmda-zswap.x86_64 5.3.7-7.el9 appstream
pcp-selinux.x86_64 5.3.7-7.el9 appstream
pcp-system-tools.x86_64 5.3.7-7.el9 appstream
pcp-testsuite.x86_64 5.3.7-7.el9 appstream
pcp-zeroconf.x86_64 5.3.7-7.el9 appstream
perf.x86_64 5.14.0-162.6.1.el9_1 appstream
perl-Net-SSLeay.x86_64 1.92-2.el9 appstream
perl-PCP-LogImport.x86_64 5.3.7-7.el9 appstream
perl-PCP-LogSummary.x86_64 5.3.7-7.el9 appstream
perl-PCP-MMV.x86_64 5.3.7-7.el9 appstream
perl-PCP-PMDA.x86_64 5.3.7-7.el9 appstream
pesign.x86_64 115-4.el9 appstream
php.x86_64 8.0.20-3.el9 appstream
php-cli.x86_64 8.0.20-3.el9 appstream
php-common.x86_64 8.0.20-3.el9 appstream
php-fpm.x86_64 8.0.20-3.el9 appstream
php-mbstring.x86_64 8.0.20-3.el9 appstream
php-mysqlnd.x86_64 8.0.20-3.el9 appstream
php-opcache.x86_64 8.0.20-3.el9 appstream
php-pdo.x86_64 8.0.20-3.el9 appstream
php-xml.x86_64 8.0.20-3.el9 appstream
podman.x86_64 2:4.2.0-7.el9_1 appstream
podman-catatonit.x86_64 2:4.2.0-7.el9_1 appstream
poppler.x86_64 21.01.0-13.el9 appstream
poppler-cpp.x86_64 21.01.0-13.el9 appstream
poppler-glib.x86_64 21.01.0-13.el9 appstream
poppler-utils.x86_64 21.01.0-13.el9 appstream
postfix.x86_64 2:3.5.9-19.el9 appstream
postfix-perl-scripts.x86_64 2:3.5.9-19.el9 appstream
power-profiles-daemon.x86_64 0.11.1-1.el9 appstream
procps-ng.x86_64 3.3.17-8.el9 baseos
protobuf-lite.x86_64 3.14.0-13.el9 appstream
python-unversioned-command.noarch 3.9.14-1.el9_1.1 appstream
python3.x86_64 3.9.14-1.el9_1.1 baseos
python3-audit.x86_64 3.0.7-103.el9 appstream
python3-bcc.noarch 0.24.0-4.el9 appstream
python3-cairo.x86_64 1.20.1-1.el9 appstream
python3-cryptography.x86_64 36.0.1-2.el9 appstream
python3-dnf.noarch 4.12.0-4.el9.alma baseos
python3-dnf-plugins-core.noarch 4.1.0-3.el9 baseos
python3-firewall.noarch 1.1.1-3.el9 baseos
python3-gobject.x86_64 3.40.1-6.el9 appstream
python3-gobject-base.x86_64 3.40.1-6.el9 baseos
python3-hawkey.x86_64 0.67.0-3.el9.alma baseos
python3-koji.noarch 1.31.0-1.el9 epel
python3-libdnf.x86_64 0.67.0-3.el9.alma baseos
python3-libs.x86_64 3.9.14-1.el9_1.1 baseos
python3-libvirt.x86_64 8.5.0-2.el9 appstream
python3-lxml.x86_64 4.6.5-3.el9 appstream
python3-nftables.x86_64 1:1.0.4-2.el9 baseos
python3-pcp.x86_64 5.3.7-7.el9 appstream
python3-psycopg2.x86_64 2.9.5-1.rhel9 pgdg-common
python3-rpm.x86_64 4.16.1.3-19.el9_1 baseos
python3-rtslib.noarch 2.1.75-1.el9 appstream
python3-setools.x86_64 4.4.0-5.el9 baseos
qemu-guest-agent.x86_64 17:7.0.0-13.el9 appstream
qpdf-libs.x86_64 10.3.1-6.el9 appstream
qt5-qtbase.x86_64 5.15.3-1.el9 appstream
qt5-qtbase-common.noarch 5.15.3-1.el9 appstream
qt5-qtbase-gui.x86_64 5.15.3-1.el9 appstream
qt5-qtsvg.x86_64 5.15.3-1.el9 appstream
qt5-srpm-macros.noarch 5.15.3-1.el9 appstream
rasdaemon.x86_64 0.6.7-8.el9 appstream
redhat-rpm-config.noarch 196-1.el9.alma appstream
rhel-system-roles.noarch 1.20.1-1.el9_1 appstream
rpm.x86_64 4.16.1.3-19.el9_1 baseos
rpm-build.x86_64 4.16.1.3-19.el9_1 appstream
rpm-build-libs.x86_64 4.16.1.3-19.el9_1 baseos
rpm-libs.x86_64 4.16.1.3-19.el9_1 baseos
rpm-plugin-audit.x86_64 4.16.1.3-19.el9_1 baseos
rpm-plugin-selinux.x86_64 4.16.1.3-19.el9_1 baseos
rpm-plugin-systemd-inhibit.x86_64 4.16.1.3-19.el9_1 appstream
rpm-sign.x86_64 4.16.1.3-19.el9_1 baseos
rpm-sign-libs.x86_64 4.16.1.3-19.el9_1 baseos
rsync.x86_64 3.2.3-18.el9 baseos
rsyslog.x86_64 8.2102.0-105.el9 appstream
rsyslog-gnutls.x86_64 8.2102.0-105.el9 appstream
rsyslog-gssapi.x86_64 8.2102.0-105.el9 appstream
rsyslog-logrotate.x86_64 8.2102.0-105.el9 appstream
rsyslog-relp.x86_64 8.2102.0-105.el9 appstream
runc.x86_64 4:1.1.4-1.el9_1 appstream
rust.x86_64 1.62.1-1.el9 appstream
rust-std-static.x86_64 1.62.1-1.el9 appstream
samba-client.x86_64 4.16.4-101.el9 appstream
samba-client-libs.x86_64 4.16.4-101.el9 baseos
samba-common.noarch 4.16.4-101.el9 baseos
samba-common-libs.x86_64 4.16.4-101.el9 baseos
sane-backends.x86_64 1.0.32-7.el9 appstream
sane-backends-drivers-cameras.x86_64 1.0.32-7.el9 appstream
sane-backends-drivers-scanners.x86_64 1.0.32-7.el9 appstream
sane-backends-libs.x86_64 1.0.32-7.el9 appstream
sdl12-compat.x86_64 1.2.52-1.el9 appstream
selinux-policy.noarch 34.1.43-1.el9 baseos
selinux-policy-devel.noarch 34.1.43-1.el9 appstream
selinux-policy-targeted.noarch 34.1.43-1.el9 baseos
setools-console.x86_64 4.4.0-5.el9 baseos
setroubleshoot-server.x86_64 3.3.28-4.el9 appstream
setup.noarch 2.13.7-7.el9 baseos
sg3_utils.x86_64 1.47-9.el9 baseos
sg3_utils-libs.x86_64 1.47-9.el9 baseos
shadow-utils.x86_64 2:4.9-5.el9 baseos
shadow-utils-subid.x86_64 2:4.9-5.el9 baseos
sos.noarch 4.3-5.el9_1.alma baseos
speex.x86_64 1.2.0-11.el9 appstream
sssd.x86_64 2.7.3-4.el9_1.1 baseos
sssd-ad.x86_64 2.7.3-4.el9_1.1 baseos
sssd-client.x86_64 2.7.3-4.el9_1.1 baseos
sssd-common.x86_64 2.7.3-4.el9_1.1 baseos
sssd-common-pac.x86_64 2.7.3-4.el9_1.1 baseos
sssd-ipa.x86_64 2.7.3-4.el9_1.1 baseos
sssd-kcm.x86_64 2.7.3-4.el9_1.1 baseos
sssd-krb5.x86_64 2.7.3-4.el9_1.1 baseos
sssd-krb5-common.x86_64 2.7.3-4.el9_1.1 baseos
sssd-ldap.x86_64 2.7.3-4.el9_1.1 baseos
sssd-proxy.x86_64 2.7.3-4.el9_1.1 baseos
strace.x86_64 5.18-2.el9 baseos
sushi.x86_64 3.38.1-2.el9 appstream
systemd.x86_64 250-12.el9_1 baseos
systemd-libs.x86_64 250-12.el9_1 baseos
systemd-pam.x86_64 250-12.el9_1 baseos
systemd-rpm-macros.noarch 250-12.el9_1 baseos
systemd-udev.x86_64 250-12.el9_1 baseos
systemtap.x86_64 4.7-2.el9 appstream
systemtap-client.x86_64 4.7-2.el9 appstream
systemtap-devel.x86_64 4.7-2.el9 appstream
systemtap-runtime.x86_64 4.7-2.el9 appstream
tar.x86_64 2:1.34-5.el9 baseos
tcl.x86_64 1:8.6.10-7.el9 baseos
teamd.x86_64 1.31-14.el9 baseos
tigervnc.x86_64 1.12.0-4.el9 appstream
tigervnc-icons.noarch 1.12.0-4.el9 appstream
tigervnc-license.noarch 1.12.0-4.el9 appstream
tpm2-tools.x86_64 5.2-2.el9_1 baseos
tpm2-tss.x86_64 3.0.3-8.el9 baseos
tzdata.noarch 2022g-1.el9_1 baseos
tzdata-java.noarch 2022g-1.el9_1 appstream
unbound-libs.x86_64 1.16.2-2.el9 appstream
valgrind.x86_64 1:3.19.0-3.el9 appstream
valgrind-devel.x86_64 1:3.19.0-3.el9 appstream
vdo.x86_64 8.2.0.2-1.el9 baseos
virt-what.x86_64 1.25-1.el9 baseos
vulkan-loader.x86_64 1.3.224.0-2.el9 appstream
wavpack.x86_64 5.4.0-5.el9 appstream
which.x86_64 2.21-28.el9 baseos
woff2.x86_64 1.0.2-15.el9 appstream
wpa_supplicant.x86_64 1:2.10-4.el9 baseos
wpebackend-fdo.x86_64 1.10.0-3.el9 appstream
xdg-dbus-proxy.x86_64 0.1.3-1.el9 appstream
xdg-desktop-portal.x86_64 1.12.4-1.el9 appstream
xdg-desktop-portal-gtk.x86_64 1.12.0-3.el9 appstream
xorg-x11-server-Xorg.x86_64 1.20.11-11.el9 appstream
xorg-x11-server-Xwayland.x86_64 21.1.3-3.el9 appstream
xorg-x11-server-common.x86_64 1.20.11-11.el9 appstream
yum.noarch 4.12.0-4.el9.alma baseos
zenity.x86_64 3.32.0-8.el9 appstream
zlib.x86_64 1.2.11-34.el9 baseos
zlib-devel.x86_64 1.2.11-34.el9 appstream
Obsoleting Packages
grub2-tools.x86_64 1:2.06-46.el9.alma baseos
grub2-tools.x86_64 1:2.06-27.el9_0.7.alma @baseos
grub2-tools-efi.x86_64 1:2.06-46.el9.alma baseos
grub2-tools.x86_64 1:2.06-27.el9_0.7.alma @baseos
grub2-tools-extra.x86_64 1:2.06-46.el9.alma baseos
grub2-tools.x86_64 1:2.06-27.el9_0.7.alma @baseos
grub2-tools-minimal.x86_64 1:2.06-46.el9.alma baseos
grub2-tools.x86_64 1:2.06-27.el9_0.7.alma @baseos
libpq5.x86_64 15.0-42.2PGDG.rhel9 pgdg-common
libpq.x86_64 13.5-1.el9 @AppStream
libpq5.x86_64 15.1-42PGDG.rhel9 pgdg-common
libpq.x86_64 13.5-1.el9 @AppStream |
You can install the VSCode package using dnf dnf, like this as the sudoer user:
sudo dnf install -y code |
The log file for this is:
Display detailed console log →
Visual Studio Code 6.9 MB/s | 31 MB 00:04 Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:09 ago on Mon 19 Dec 2022 10:52:28 PM EST. Dependencies resolved. ================================================================================ Package Architecture Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: code x86_64 1.74.1-1671015385.el7 code 132 M Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 1 Package Total download size: 132 M Installed size: 384 M Downloading Packages: code-1.74.1-1671015385.el7.x86_64.rpm 7.6 MB/s | 132 MB 00:17 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 7.6 MB/s | 132 MB 00:17 Running transaction check Transaction check succeeded. Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded. Running transaction Regex version mismatch, expected: 10.40 2022-04-14 actual: 10.37 2021-05-26 Regex version mismatch, expected: 10.40 2022-04-14 actual: 10.37 2021-05-26 Preparing : 1/1 Installing : code-1.74.1-1671015385.el7.x86_64 1/1 Running scriptlet: code-1.74.1-1671015385.el7.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : code-1.74.1-1671015385.el7.x86_64 1/1 Installed: code-1.74.1-1671015385.el7.x86_64 Complete! |
Click on Activities in the upper left corner and then the clustered nine dots to view applications. Choose the Visual Studio and double click and you should see the following dialog:
Choose a color schema that works for you, then click the less than symbol in the top left hand corner to start working with Visual Studio Code:
As always, I hope this helps those looking for step-by-step instructions and clarity of complete examples.
Wrapping sqlplus
After sorting out the failures of Oracle Database 11g (11.2.0) on AlmaLinux, I grabbed the Enterprise Linux 9 rlwrap library. The rlwrap is a ‘readline wrapper’ that uses the GNU readline library to
allow the editing of keyboard input for any other command. Input history is remembered across invocations, separately for each command; history completion and search work as in bash and completion word
lists can be specified on the command line.
Installed it with the dnf utility:
dnf install -y rlwrap |
It gave me this log file:
Last metadata expiration check: 0:53:30 ago on Fri 02 Dec 2022 01:07:54 AM EST. Dependencies resolved. ================================================================================================================================ Package Architecture Version Repository Size ================================================================================================================================ Installing: rlwrap x86_64 0.45.2-3.el9 epel 132 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================================================================ Install 1 Package Total download size: 132 k Installed size: 323 k Downloading Packages: rlwrap-0.45.2-3.el9.x86_64.rpm 162 kB/s | 132 kB 00:00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 117 kB/s | 132 kB 00:01 Running transaction check Transaction check succeeded. Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded. Running transaction Regex version mismatch, expected: 10.40 2022-04-14 actual: 10.37 2021-05-26 Regex version mismatch, expected: 10.40 2022-04-14 actual: 10.37 2021-05-26 Preparing : 1/1 Installing : rlwrap-0.45.2-3.el9.x86_64 1/1 Running scriptlet: rlwrap-0.45.2-3.el9.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : rlwrap-0.45.2-3.el9.x86_64 1/1 Installed: rlwrap-0.45.2-3.el9.x86_64 Complete! |
Then, I added this sqlplus function to the student account’s .bashrc file:
sqlplus () { # Discover the fully qualified program name. path=`which rlwrap 2>/dev/null` file='' # Parse the program name from the path. if [ -n ${path} ]; then file=${path##/*/} fi; # Wrap when there is a file and it is rewrap. if [ -n ${file} ] && [[ ${file} = "rlwrap" ]]; then rlwrap sqlplus "${@}" else echo "Command-line history unavailable: Install the rlwrap package." $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus "${@}" fi } |
Then, I connected to the old, but tiny, footprint of Oracle Database 11g XE for testing, which worked:
Yes, I couldn’t resist. After all Version 11 was the last non-pluggable release and it’s been 11 years since its release. A double lucky 11.
Naturally, you can always use vi (or vim) to edit the command history provided you include the following command in your .bashrc file:
set -o vi |
Next, I’ll build a new VM instance with the current version of Oracle Database XE for student testing.
As always, I hope this helps those working with Oracle’s database products.
Oracle Library Missing
It was always aware of a problem with Oracle 11g XE on various Linux platforms from 10 years ago. I knew it was misleading but never found the time to explain the error that occurred during the cloning of the instance.
While it would occur when you were on an unsupported version of Linux, it was easy to fix. For example, after downloading the old compressed oracle-xe-11.2.0-1.0.x86_64.rpm.zip file, you uncompress it. Then, you run the file with the following command:
rpm -ivh oracle-xe-11.2.0-1.0.x86_64.rpm |
This command will install the packages in verbose syntax and display the following messages:
[sudo] password for mclaughlinm: Preparing packages for installation... oracle-xe-11.2.0-1.0 Executing post-install steps... You must run '/etc/init.d/oracle-xe configure' as the root user to configure the database. |
Connect as the root user to another instance of the terminal and run the following command:
/etc/init.d/oracle-xe configure |
You will see the following control output:
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Configuration ------------------------------------------------- This will configure on-boot properties of Oracle Database 11g Express Edition. The following questions will determine whether the database should be starting upon system boot, the ports it will use, and the passwords that will be used for database accounts. Press <Enter> to accept the defaults. Ctrl-C will abort. Specify the HTTP port that will be used for Oracle Application Express [8080]: Specify a port that will be used for the database listener [1521]: Specify a password to be used for database accounts. Note that the same password will be used for SYS and SYSTEM. Oracle recommends the use of different passwords for each database account. This can be done after initial configuration: Confirm the password: Do you want Oracle Database 11g Express Edition to be started on boot (y/n) [y]:y Starting Oracle Net Listener...Done Configuring database...grep: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/xe/config/log/*.log: No such file or directory grep: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/xe/config/log/*.log: No such file or directory Done /bin/chmod: cannot access '/u01/app/oracle/diag': No such file or directory Starting Oracle Database 11g Express Edition instance...Done Installation completed successfully. |
This looks like an unsolvable problem, and for many it was too hard to solve. Most never knew the next step to take to discover the missing library. The failure actually occurs when the configuration tries to launch SQL*Plus. You can test that by creating the following oracle_env.sh parameter script:
# Oracle Settings TMP=/tmp; export TMP TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR ORACLE_HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain; export ORACLE_HOSTNAME ORACLE_UNQNAME=DB11G; export ORACLE_UNQNAME ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/xe; export ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID=XE; export ORACLE_SID NLS_LANG=`$ORACLE_HOME/bin/nls_lang.sh`; export NLS_LANG ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi fi |
Then, source the oracle_env.sh file like this:
. ./oracle_env.sh |
As the oracle user, try to connect to the sqlplus executable with this command:
sqlplus / as sysdba |
It’ll raise the following error:
sqlplus: error while loading shared libraries: libnsl.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory |
You won’t find the /usr/lib64/libnsl.so.1 because it’s a symbolic link to the /usr/lib64/libnsl-2.29.so shared library file, which you can find on older Fedora installations. AlmaLinux has libnsl2, which you can download from the pgks.org.
After finding the library and installing it in the /usr/lib64 directory, the balance of the fix is to run the cloning manually. This type of error can occur for newer version of the database but it’s easiest to highlight with the Oracle 11g XE installation.
You also can find it in the libnsl2-devel development libraries on the pkgs.org web site:
You may need to build the libnsl.so.1 symbolic link as the root user with the following command:
ln -s libnsl-2.29.so libnsl.so.1 |
Ensure the file permissions for these files are:
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 218488 Dec 2 01:33 libnsl-2.29.so lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 14 Dec 2 01:39 libnsl.so.1 -> libnsl-2.29.so |
After you create the database, you can provision a student user and database, like so:
Oracle Database 11g (Pre-containerization)
After you create and provision the Oracle Database 11g XE, you create an instance with the following two step process.
- Create a
studentOracle user account with the following command:CREATE USER student IDENTIFIED BY student DEFAULT TABLESPACE users QUOTA 200M ON users TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp;
- Grant necessary privileges to the newly created
studentuser:GRANT CREATE CLUSTER, CREATE INDEXTYPE, CREATE OPERATOR , CREATE PROCEDURE, CREATE SEQUENCE, CREATE SESSION , CREATE TABLE, CREATE TRIGGER, CREATE TYPE , CREATE VIEW TO student;
Oracle Database 21c (Post-containerization)
After you create and provision the Oracle Database 21c Express Edition (XE), you can create a c##student container user with the following two step process.
- Create a c##student Oracle user account with the following command:
CREATE USER c##student IDENTIFIED BY student DEFAULT TABLESPACE users QUOTA 200M ON users TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp;
- Grant necessary privileges to the newly created c##student user:
GRANT CREATE CLUSTER, CREATE INDEXTYPE, CREATE OPERATOR , CREATE PROCEDURE, CREATE SEQUENCE, CREATE SESSION , CREATE TABLE, CREATE TRIGGER, CREATE TYPE , CREATE VIEW TO c##student;
As always, it should help you solve new problems.
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